CLOCK GENES VS. BREAST CANCER

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Aleksey Golubev ◽  
Andrey Panchenko ◽  
Yekaterina Gubareva ◽  
Galina Kireeva ◽  
Viktor Anisimov
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Clock genes (CG) are responsible for adapting body to diurnal changes in environmental conditions (circadian cycles, CC). Discordances caused by changes in both environmental СС (shift work, excess light at night, or jet lag) and bodily CC, in particular due to changes in CG expression, increase the risk of cancer, the breast being the most vulnerable site. The present discussion is based on the reviews of relevant epidemiological and experimental findings, including meta-analyses, mainly published within the last five years. The conclusions related to translational medicine are, with regard to prevention, that shift work is a significant risk factor of breast cancer and, with regard to treatment, that melatonin properties make it feasible to develop regimens of its administration able to synchronize tumor and body CC so that cancer becomes most sensitive to treatment when body is least vulnerable to its side effects.

scholarly journals Justification for preservation of the projected skin flap above the tumor during surgical treatment of primary resectable breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-718
Author(s):  
A R Khamitov ◽  
K Kh Ismagilov
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Superficial Fascia ◽  
Indirect Sign ◽  
The Aesthetic

Aim. Improvement of the aesthetic outcomes of reconstructive plastic surgery for nodular breast cancer due to the scientific rationale of conservation of the projected skin flap and moving the postoperative scar to aesthetically acceptable zones. Methods. Data of clinical and instrumental methods of investigation of 240 patients with primary resectable breast cancer were analyzed. The probability of involvement of the front layer of the superficial fascia in the projection of a malignant tumor depending on its clinical and topographic anatomical figures was estimated. Results. The study revealed that the fascia involvement does not depend on the skin flattening. The skin flatte­ning is an indirect sign of superficial tumors having a probability of intimate adherence of the tumor to the fascia of 31.8±0.401%. In turn, the intimate adherence of the tumor to the front layer of the superficial fascia with a pro­bability of its involvement of 39.3±0.41% is a significant risk factor for the projected skin flap involvement. It was also found that involvement of the fascia studied does not depend neither on the size of the tumor, nor on the nodal status, nor on the biological subtype. The key risk factor is the depth of the tumor. Conclusion. The indication for the projection skin flap preservation is the location of a malignant tumor at a depth of more than 1.05 cm, at which the probability of affecting the fascia is statistically insignificant and is 1.7±0.1%, which requires placing the subcutaneous tissue resection line in the tumor projection from the side of preserved skin flap.

scholarly journals Shift Work, Light at Night, and Breast Cancer on Long Island, New York

2006 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin S. O'Leary ◽  
Elinor R. Schoenfeld ◽  
Richard G. Stevens ◽  
Geoffrey C. Kabat ◽  
Kevin Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
New York ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Long Island ◽  
Light At Night

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nuradin Abusha Katiso ◽  
Getachew Mullu Kassa ◽  
Gedefaw Abeje Fekadu ◽  
Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe ◽  
Achenef Asmamaw Muche
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Meta Analyses

Introduction. Low birth weight (LBW) is the most significant risk factor for neonatal and infant mortality. It is one of the major public health problems in developing countries. Although there are various studies on low birth weight, findings were inconsistent and inconclusive. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the national-pooled prevalence of low birth weight and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Method. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed. This meta-analysis employed a review of both published and unpublished studies conducted in Ethiopia. The databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and African Journals Online. Relevant search terms for prevalence and determinants of LBW were used to retrieve articles. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software. Forest plots were used to present the findings. The Cochran Q test and I2 test statistics were used to test heterogeneity across studies. Egger’s test was used to assess the publication bias of included studies. The pooled prevalence and the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed and were presented using forest plots. Results. A total of 28 studies, 50,110 newborn babies, were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of LBW in Ethiopia was 14.1% (95% CI = 11.2, 17.1). Higher variation in the prevalence of LBW in different regions across the country was observed. Significant association of LBW with sex of the newborn baby, higher odds among female babies (OR = 1.5 (95% CI = 1.2, 1.7)), prematurity (OR = 4.7 (95% CI = 1.5, 14.5)), not attending prenatal care (OR = 1.7 (95% CI = 1.4, 2.2)), pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR = 6.7 (95% CI = 3.5, 12.9)), and newborn babies whose mothers were from rural areas (OR = 1.8 (95% CI = 1.2, 2.6) were the factors associated with low birth weight. Conclusions. The prevalence of LBW in Ethiopia was high. LBW was associated with several maternal and newborn characteristics. The large disparity of LBW among the different regions in the country needs targeted intervention in areas with higher prevalence. Particular emphasis should be given to mothers residing in rural areas. Community-based programs are important to increase the use of prenatal care.

scholarly journals Shift Work and Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9544
Author(s):  
Sarah Gehlert ◽  
Mark Clanton ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Rotating Shift Work ◽  
Normal Sleep

The rates of shift work outside of daylight hours have increased in recent years, and nighttime shift work is now considered a potential carcinogenic occupational exposure. Light at night exposure, lower melatonin production, and the production of stress-related mediators disrupt normal sleep–wake cycles. Women who work lower-wage jobs and part-time workers whose shifts are determined entirely by their supervisors (rotating shifts) may be subject to stress related to efforts to align childcare and other needs with the unpredictable nature of rotating shift work. The causal link between breast cancer and the sleep cycle or circadian disruption are yet to be established; however, disruption of the circadian cycles by light at night exposure or chronic exposure to stress-related mediators have all been linked to the increased risk of breast cancer. We review the existing literature on shift work and breast cancer, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest future directions for research.

scholarly journals The influence of shift work and light at night exposure on melatonin levels and breast cancer risk

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. A87-A88
Author(s):  
A. Grundy ◽  
J. Tranmer ◽  
H. Richardson ◽  
C. Bajdik ◽  
C. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Light At Night

scholarly journals Smoking and Incidence of Insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Hu ◽  
Chunyi Wang ◽  
Yan Liao ◽  
Qichen Dai ◽  
Shiyi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Both smoking and insomnia are worldwide problems and this study aims to investigate the impact of smoking on the incidence of insomnia. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and OVID were searched through March, 2020. Cohort studies reporting the effect of smoking on the incidence of insomnia were included. We quantitatively analyzed the basic framework and study characteristics, and then pooled estimate effects with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of outcomes of each included studies using fixed-effects meta-analyses. Results: This systematic review included six cohort studies involving 12445 participants. Quantitatively summarized results suggested smoking could significantly increase the incidence of insomnia (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02,1.13). Regular smoking was significantly associated with incidence of insomnia (OR=1.07, 95% CI:1.01,1.13). As for occasional smokers and ex-smokers, the pooled analysis didn’t indicate a significant association (occasional smoker: OR=2.09, 95% CI:0.44,9.95; ex-smoker; OR=1.02, 95% CI:0.67,1.54). Subgroup analysis by age, gender ratio and region showed statistically significant relationship between smoking and incidence of insomnia in specific groups. Conclusions: Integrated longitudinal observational evidence identified smoking as a significant risk factor of insomnia. Considering the limited amount of available studies, more high-quality and prospective cohort studies of large sample sizes are needed to explore details of this association.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Primary Prevention and Diet: An Umbrella Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Buja ◽  
Marco Pierbon ◽  
Laura Lago ◽  
Giulia Grotto ◽  
Vincenzo Baldo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Eating Style ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Introduction: Many studies have been published, but none have pooled the useful evidence available in the literature to produce guidelines and health policies promoting healthy eating styles to prevent breast cancer (BC). The present study aimed to summarize the evidence produced to date, taking a judicious, critical approach to the quality of the studies analyzed. Methods: An umbrella review method was adopted, which is a systematic review of second-level studies, meta-analyses and literature reviews. Results: In all, 48 studies were considered: 32 meta-analyses, 4 pooled analyses, 5 systematic reviews, and 7 qualitative reviews. A higher intake of total meat, or red or processed meats, or foods with a high glycemic index, or eggs would seem to be associated with a higher risk of BC. Some foods, such as vegetables, would seem instead to have an inverse association with BC risk. One meta-analysis revealed an inverse association between citrus fruit and mushroom consumption and BC. Some nutrients, such as calcium, folate, vitamin D, lignans and carotenoids, also seem to be inversely associated with BC risk. The evidence is still conflicting as concerns exposure to other dietary elements (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids, dairy foods). Conclusion: Nutrition is one of the most modifiable aspects of people’s lifestyles and dietary choices can affect health and the risk of cancer. Overall, adhering to a healthy eating style may be associated with a significant reduction in the risk of BC.

Clinicopathological characteristics of subsequent breast cancers in patients with benign breast disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1061-1061
Author(s):  
R. Santana-Davila ◽  
D. W. Visscher ◽  
C. M. Vachon ◽  
M. Frost ◽  
R. A. Vierkant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Benign Breast Disease ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated

1061 Background: Benign breast disease (BBD) is a significant risk factor for breast cancer (BC); however little is known about the aggressiveness of the BCs these patients develop. Shared features between select atypias and low-grade DCIS have led some to speculate that a history of BBD portends the development of well-differentiated BCs. Methods: The Mayo BBD cohort includes 9,376 women who had benign breast biopsies from 1967–1991. Data on BC events were obtained from medical records and questionnaires. Tissue from the BCs was reviewed by a single breast pathologist (DWV). Results: Our cohort included 6,244 patients with nonproliferative disease (NP), 2,801 women with proliferative disease without atypia (PDWA), and 331 with atypical hyperplasias (AH). With a median of 18 years of follow-up, 799 patients with BBD have developed breast cancer, 416 initially had NP, 313 had PDWA, and 70 AH. BC tissue was available for 703 of the women. The cancers were invasive ductal in 76.1% (n = 535), invasive lobular in 9.4% (n = 66), and DCIS alone in 14.5% (n = 102) patients. Grade is currently available for 500 women, and is well differentiated in 29.4% (n = 150), moderately differentiated in 42.7% (n = 218) and poorly differentiated in 27.8% (n = 142). In 537 cases the malignant tissue had a concurrent benign component consisting of NP in 24% (n = 129), PDWA in 25.1% (n = 135), and AH in 50.8% (n = 273). In regards to tumor size, 69.6% had T1 tumors, 24.9% T2 tumors, and 5.5% T3 disease. Metastasis to lymph nodes occurred in 25% of patients. Median time to BC was 12.3 years and did not differ across the different benign entities. Breast cancer developed within 5 years from the initial BBD in 163 women (20%). In this group, tumor size was greater (p = 0.02), and there were more poorly differentiated tumors (p = 0.006) than in those who later developed BC. Conclusions: In the BCs that have developed in our BBD cohort, we do not see a preponderance of well-differentiated, good-risk BCs. Patients diagnosed within 5 years of BBD appear to have BCs with more aggressive features. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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