Prevalence and Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction. Low birth weight (LBW) is the most significant risk factor for neonatal and infant mortality. It is one of the major public health problems in developing countries. Although there are various studies on low birth weight, findings were inconsistent and inconclusive. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the national-pooled prevalence of low birth weight and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Method. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed. This meta-analysis employed a review of both published and unpublished studies conducted in Ethiopia. The databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and African Journals Online. Relevant search terms for prevalence and determinants of LBW were used to retrieve articles. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software. Forest plots were used to present the findings. The Cochran Q test and I2 test statistics were used to test heterogeneity across studies. Egger’s test was used to assess the publication bias of included studies. The pooled prevalence and the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed and were presented using forest plots. Results. A total of 28 studies, 50,110 newborn babies, were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of LBW in Ethiopia was 14.1% (95% CI = 11.2, 17.1). Higher variation in the prevalence of LBW in different regions across the country was observed. Significant association of LBW with sex of the newborn baby, higher odds among female babies (OR = 1.5 (95% CI = 1.2, 1.7)), prematurity (OR = 4.7 (95% CI = 1.5, 14.5)), not attending prenatal care (OR = 1.7 (95% CI = 1.4, 2.2)), pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR = 6.7 (95% CI = 3.5, 12.9)), and newborn babies whose mothers were from rural areas (OR = 1.8 (95% CI = 1.2, 2.6) were the factors associated with low birth weight. Conclusions. The prevalence of LBW in Ethiopia was high. LBW was associated with several maternal and newborn characteristics. The large disparity of LBW among the different regions in the country needs targeted intervention in areas with higher prevalence. Particular emphasis should be given to mothers residing in rural areas. Community-based programs are important to increase the use of prenatal care.

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Low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age association with adult depression: systematic review and meta-analysis

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.113.139014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 205 (5) ◽

pp. 340-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Christian Loret De Mola ◽

Giovanny Vinícius Araújo De França ◽

Luciana de Avila Quevedo ◽

Bernardo Lessa Horta

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Premature Birth ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adult Depression ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

BackgroundThere is no consensus on the effects that low birth weight, premature birth and intrauterine growth have on later depression.AimsTo review systematically the evidence on the relationship of low birth weight, smallness for gestational age (SGA) and premature birth with adult depression.MethodWe searched the literature for original studies assessing the effect of low birth weight, premature birth and SGA on adult depression. Separate meta-analyses were carried out for each exposure using random and fixed effects models. We evaluated the contribution of methodological covariates to heterogeneity using meta-regression.ResultsWe identified 14 studies evaluating low birth weight, 9 premature birth and 4 SGA. Low birth weight increased the odds of depression (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.21–1.60). Premature birth and SGA were not associated with depression, but publication bias might have underestimated the effect of the former and only four studies evaluated SGA.ConclusionsLow birth weight was associated with depression. Future studies evaluating premature birth and SGA are needed.

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Low birth weight and birth weight status in Bangladesh: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Anthropological Review ◽

10.2478/anre-2021-0022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 257-274

Author(s):

Saijuddin Shaikh ◽

Md. Tanvir Islam ◽

Rebecca K. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Weight Status ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Average Birth Weight ◽

North East ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Urban Rural

Abstract The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) is high in Bangladesh, but no study has collated recent estimates of LBW prevalence from throughout the country. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence of LBW and birth weight status in Bangladesh. We searched PubMed, Medline, Ovo and Google Scholar to find published articles in national and international journals from 2000–2020 and reviewed for relevance. Meta-analysis and Q test were performed to estimate the prevalence and heterogeneity of LBW from all included articles. Meta-regression was done to quantify associations with sample size and study year. Stratified analysis was conducted and effect size calculated for differences in LBW prevalence by sex, division and urban/rural area. In total 48 studies with 166,520 births were found and included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of LBW was 29.1% (95% CI, 28.9–29.3%) in overall, 29.9% (29.7–30.2%) in rural and 15.7% (14.9–16.6%) in urban areas. There was no significant difference in average birth weight between boys and girls (SD, 0.71; 95% CI, −0.43–1.83). Prevalence of LBW was higher in north-east Bangladesh compared to other zones (p<0.05). The pooled prevalence of LBW did not change significantly for last two decades. The prevalence of LBW in Bangladesh remains high. Lack of improvement suggests an urgent need for scaled up maternal and prenatal interventions and services known to reduce LBW. Urban/rural and divisional differences in rates suggest areas of greatest need.

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Smoking and Incidence of Insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27889/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nan Hu ◽

Chunyi Wang ◽

Yan Liao ◽

Qichen Dai ◽

Shiyi Cao

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Study Characteristics ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Both smoking and insomnia are worldwide problems and this study aims to investigate the impact of smoking on the incidence of insomnia. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and OVID were searched through March, 2020. Cohort studies reporting the effect of smoking on the incidence of insomnia were included. We quantitatively analyzed the basic framework and study characteristics, and then pooled estimate effects with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of outcomes of each included studies using fixed-effects meta-analyses. Results: This systematic review included six cohort studies involving 12445 participants. Quantitatively summarized results suggested smoking could significantly increase the incidence of insomnia (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02,1.13). Regular smoking was significantly associated with incidence of insomnia (OR=1.07, 95% CI:1.01,1.13). As for occasional smokers and ex-smokers, the pooled analysis didn’t indicate a significant association (occasional smoker: OR=2.09, 95% CI:0.44,9.95; ex-smoker; OR=1.02, 95% CI:0.67,1.54). Subgroup analysis by age, gender ratio and region showed statistically significant relationship between smoking and incidence of insomnia in specific groups. Conclusions: Integrated longitudinal observational evidence identified smoking as a significant risk factor of insomnia. Considering the limited amount of available studies, more high-quality and prospective cohort studies of large sample sizes are needed to explore details of this association.

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Effect of Gestational Homocystein on Fetal Growth in Bangladeshi Women

Ibrahim Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/imcj.v3i1.2912 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 13-16

Author(s):

Farzana Shirin ◽

Tahrim Mehdi ◽

Md Mahbubul Alam ◽

Ronjon Kumer Nath ◽

Md Mozammel Hoque

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

Lower Height ◽

Control Study

Hyperhomocysteinemia has been reported among the women of south Asian countries including Bangladesh. It affects fetal development through intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and is one of the important issues associated with low birth weight (LBW) of newborns. If its association with IUGR can be established, then maternal serum Hcy could help diagnose IUGR cases and ultimately provide scope for prevention and treatment of the cases by supplementation of B-vitamins and folic acid. In this case control study, 80 pregnant women were enrolled, of which 30 were IUGR cases while 50 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies worked as control. Maternal Hcy at 3rd trimester of all the subjects were measured and its effects on neonatal size were analyzed. The maternal Hcy of the IUGR cases was significantly higher than the control. The babies born to IUGR cases had a significantly lower birth weight, lower height and lower OFC compared to the babies born to control mothers. Weight, length and OFC of the newborns showed significant inverse correlation with maternal Hcy. Hyperhomocysteinemia was found to be a significant risk factor for LBW (OR 5.23, 95% CI 1.92-14.23), short stature (OR 2.19, CI 0.792-6.06 ) and low OFC (OR 3.04, CI 1.15-8.04) of the newborns. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2009; 3(1): 13-16 Keywords: Homocysteine, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, pregnancy. doi: 10.3329/imcj.v3i1.2912

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Smoking and Incidence of Insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27889/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nan Hu ◽

Chunyi Wang ◽

Yan Liao ◽

Qichen Dai ◽

Shiyi Cao

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Study Characteristics ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

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Prevalence of perinatal asphyxia and its associated factors in Ethiopia; A systematic review and meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.2.17346/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Moges Agazhe Assemie ◽

Getaye Tizazu ◽

Busha Gamachu Labata ◽

Simegn Alemu ◽

Daniel Bekele Ketema ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Neonatal Resuscitation ◽

Birth Asphyxia ◽

Associated Factor ◽

Prolonged Labour

Abstract Background: Perinatal asphyxia(PNA) is a severe health problem and main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. In Ethiopia, there are many studies conducted on PNA characterized by replete of inconsistent; unavailability of nation wide study to determines the prevalence of PNA and its determinants is an important gap. The aim of this study is to develop national consensus on pooled prevalence and associated factor key reports to enhance the quality and consistency of the evidence on perinatal asphyxia. Method : Systematic review and meta-analysis using computerized databases; searches were performed to locate all articles on the prevalence of perinatal asphyxia. Databases included were Pub Med, Cochran library, Google Scholar, Scopus and Science Direct systematically between 2014 and April 2019. All identified studies reporting the prevalence of PNA in Ethiopia were pooled. Two independent authors extracted the data using a standardized data extraction tool. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I 2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. Random-effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates and determinant factor of PNA in Stata/se version-14. Result : The prevalence of PNA reported from fifteen studies was in the range of 3.1 to 47.5%. The pooled occurrence of PNA in Ethiopia based on 15 articles with a sample size of 17,091 was 21.1% (95% CI: 14, 28). There was high heterogeneity observed ( I 2 = 99.4%, p <0.001). Thus, Subgroup analysis in the study area was computed .Thus, the highest prevalence (40.4%) was observed from Oromia region and the lowest 8% noted from Dire Dawa city administration. Pooled odd ratio estimates from included studies revealed prolonged labour (OR=3.7, 95% CI 2.4, 5.7), low birth weight (OR=6.5, 95% CI 4.0, 10.3), and Meconium stained liquor (OR=6.6, 95% CI: 4.4, 10.1) are significant risk factors of perinatal asphyxia. Conclusion : In this review, prolonged labour, meconium stained liquor and low birth weight are significantly associated with perinatal asphyxia. Therefore, improve facility-based intra partum care and quality neonatal resuscitation service through capacity building for health professionals is needed. Keywords: Birth asphyxia; perinatal asphyxia; associated factor; systematic review; Ethiopia

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The Relationship between Maternal Personality Disorder and Early Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17165778 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (16) ◽

pp. 5778

Author(s):

Claire A. Marshall ◽

Julie Jomeen ◽

Chao Huang ◽

Colin R. Martin

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Apgar Score ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Child Outcomes ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Everyday Functioning

(1) Background: Women with personality disorder are at risk of social and emotional problems which impact deleteriously on everyday functioning. Moreover, a personality disorder diagnosis has been established to have an adverse impact upon pregnancy outcomes and child health. Understanding this impact is critical to improving both maternal and child outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis will evaluate the contemporary evidence regarding these relationships. (2) Methods: Prospero and Cochrane were searched for any systematic reviews already completed on this topic. Academic Search Premier, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO via the EBSCO host, and the Web of Science Core Collection were searched to include research articles published between 1980 and 2019. A total of 158 records were identified; 105 records were screened by reviewing the abstract; 99 records were excluded; 6 full text articles were assessed for eligibility; 5 records were included in the review. (3) Results: All the included studies reported on preterm birth. The meta-analysis indicates significant risk of preterm birth in women with personality disorder (overall odds ratio (OR) 2.62; CI 2.24–3.06; p < 0.01). Three studies reported on low birth weight, with the meta-analysis indicating a raised risk of low birth weight of the babies born to women with personality disorder (overall OR 2.00 CI 1.12–3.57 (p = 0.02)). Three studies reported on appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration (APGAR) score, with the meta-analysis of OR’s indicating a risk of low APGAR score in women with personality disorder (overall OR 2.31; CI 1.17–4.55; p = 0.02). (4) Conclusions: The infants of women with personality disorder are at elevated risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and low APGAR score.

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The impact of pregnancy induced hypertension on low birth weight in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Italian Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s13052-020-00926-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Temesgen Getaneh ◽

Ayenew Negesse ◽

Getenet Dessie ◽

Melaku Desta

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Induced Hypertension ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Even though neonatal mortality reduction is the major goal needed to be achieved by 2030, it is still unacceptably high especially in Ethiopia. In the other hand, low birth weight is the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. More than 10 millions of low birth weight infants occurred as a result of pregnancy induced hypertension. However, in Ethiopia the association between low birth weight and pregnancy induced hypertension was represented with un-updated, inconclusive and different studies. Therefore, this review aimed to estimate the overall pooled impact of pregnancy induced hypertension on low birth weight and its association in Ethiopia. Methods articles searched on PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane library, Google, Google Scholar and local shelves. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was applied for critical appraisal. The I2 statistic was computed to check the presence of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s test. A random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of low birth weight. Result From the total 131 identified original articles, 25 were eligible and included for the final analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of low birth weight among women who had pregnancy induced hypertension in Ethiopia was 39.7% (95% CI: 33.3, 46.2). But, I2 statistic estimation evidenced significant heterogeneity across included studies (I2 = 89.4, p < 0.001). In addition, the odds of having low birth weight newborns among women who had pregnancy induced hypertension was 3.89 times higher compared to their counterparts (OR = 3.89, 95% CI: 2.66, 5.69). Conclusion The pooled prevalence of low birth weight among women who had pregnancy induced hypertension was more than two times higher than the pooled estimate of low birth weight among all reproductive aged women. The odds of low birth weight also increased nearly four times among women with pregnancy induced hypertension than normotensive women. Therefore, health policies which provide better and quality antenatal care with more oriented on importance of early detection and management of pregnancy induced hypertension should be implemented.

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Impact of Different Types of Nosocomial Infection on the Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Children ◽

10.3390/children8030207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 207

Author(s):

Karin Pichler ◽

Vito Giordano ◽

Gereon Tropf ◽

Renate Fuiko ◽

Angelika Berger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽

The Impact

Nosocomial infections (NIs) are important conditions associated with mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of NIs and the different subtypes on neurodevelopmental outcomes in a cohort of VLBWIs. VLBWIs born with a gestational age between 23 0/7 and 31 6/7 weeks in a level III neonatal center were enrolled. Neonatal morbidities as well as the neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of corrected age were analyzed. Six-hundred infants completed the study successfully. Of these, 38% experienced an NI episode. NIs were associated with an increased risk of neonatal complications, such as brain injury, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and death, and were a significant risk factor for adverse motor development at 2 years of corrected age in our cohort of VLBWIs. The negative impact of NIs on neurodevelopmental outcomes was particularly associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), suspected NIs and Gram-positive NIs. This study demonstrated that NIs are a significant risk factor for both morbidity and mortality as well as adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in VLBWIs.

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Low birth weight as a predictor of adverse health outcomes during adulthood in twins: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-021-01730-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sapha Hassan ◽

Shayesteh Jahanfar ◽

Joseph Inungu ◽

Jeffrey M. Craig

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Full Text ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Forest Plot ◽

Adverse Health ◽

Adverse Health Outcomes ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Low birth weight might affect adverse health outcomes during a lifetime. Our study analyzes the association between low birth weight and negative health outcomes during adulthood in twin populations. Methods Searches were conducted using databases inclusive of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and EBSCO. Observational studies on twins with low birth weight and adverse health outcomes during adulthood were included. Two reviewers independently screened the papers, and a third reviewer resolved the conflicts between the two reviewers. Following abstract and title screening, full-texts were screened to obtain eligibility. Eligible full-text articles were then assessed for quality using a modified Downs and Black checklist. Studies with a score within one standard deviation of the mean were included in the analysis. A fixed-effect model was used for analysis. Results 3987 studies were screened describing low birth weight as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes during adulthood for all twelve-body systems (circulatory, digestive, endocrine, lymphatic, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, skeletal, urinary, and integumentary systems). One hundred fourteen articles made it through full-text screening, and 14 of those articles were assessed for quality. Five papers were selected to perform two meta-analyses for two outcomes: asthma and cerebral palsy. For asthma, the meta-analyses of three studies suggested a higher odds of low birth weight twins developing asthma (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.24-1.44, I2 = 77%). Meta-analysis for cerebral palsy included two studies and suggested a 4.88 times higher odds of low birth weight twins developing cerebral palsy compared to normal birth weight twins (OR 4.88, 95% CI 2.34-10.19, I2 = 79%). We could not find enough studies for other adverse health outcomes to pool data for a Forest plot. Conclusions The odds of low birth weight were found to be high in both asthma and cerebral palsy. There are not enough studies of similar nature (study types, similar body systems) to ensure a meaningful meta-analysis. We recommend that future research considers following up on twins to obtain data about adverse health outcomes during their adult lives.

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