Work standardization as an aspect of quality improvement in labor activity

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
T.A. Ahmadova ◽  
◽  
G.N. Safarova ◽  
S.M. Shikhieva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Structural Optimization ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Personal Satisfaction ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
Labor Standard ◽  
Fair Compensation ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Oil Company

The paper reviews the issues of work standardization contributing its general strains and meaningfulness providing favorable labor conditions and fair compensation. In this regard, the results of foreign analysis, the studies on labor standard values in the enterprise activities of such countries as Germany and Russia are presented and social feasibility and operational efficiency of labor standards shown as well. Sustained, purpose-oriented efforts of the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR) in labor standardization and quality improvement are reviewed. It is marked that as a result of the standardization, structural optimization of the enterprises is carried out, technical-economic parameters improved and production capacity increased as well. Furthermore, labor standards become a means of stimulation and motivation in labor activity and consequently, form personal satisfaction in labor and thus, its quality to a great extent.

Private Regulation of Labor Standards in Global Supply Chains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarosh Kuruvilla
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Private Regulation ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
Voluntary Regulation ◽  
Corporate Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

This book examines the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility on improving labor standards in global supply chains. The book charts the development and effectiveness of corporate codes of conduct to ameliorate “sweatshop” conditions in global supply chains. This form of private voluntary regulation, spearheaded by Nike and Reebok, became necessary given the inability of third world countries to enforce their own laws and the absence of a global regulatory system for labor standards. Although private regulation programs have been adopted by other companies in many different industries, we know relatively little regarding the effectiveness of these programs because companies don't disclose information about their efforts and outcomes in regulating labor conditions in their supply chains. The book presents data from companies, multi-stakeholder institutions, and auditing firms in a comprehensive, investigative dive into the world of private voluntary regulation of labor conditions. The picture painted is wholistic and raw, but it considers several ways in which this private voluntary system can be improved to improve the lives of workers in global supply chains.

scholarly journals The diffusion of norms, rules and mechanisms for the enforcement of labor standards and the resolution of disputes in the Asia-Pacific, in particular among signatory countries of the TPP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lan Thi Thu Pham
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Norm Diffusion ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Workers

<p>People are central to economic development. Workers are relatively vulnerable compared to the other factors of the economy, including governments and employers. Because violations of workers’ rights and poor working conditions are prevalent, especially in developing countries, the diffusion of internationally recognized labor standards is now emerging as a critical process in the world. This is a process by which internationally recognized labor rights are transferred between countries by various means with the expectation of improving labor conditions world-wide. For this process to be successful, it is important that not only labor standards but also rules and mechanisms for their enforcement be diffused. The Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement (TPP) is currently under negotiation. The TPP is expected to be the first “high-quality, twenty-first-century agreement” in the world. Norm entrepreneurs have chosen the TPP to be a channel for the diffusion of labor standards in the Asia-Pacific. How is the TPP likely to diffuse the norms, rules and mechanisms for the enforcement of labor standards and dispute resolution? Will it be by means of goodwill, cooperation and consensus or through material conditionality? Labor rights are human rights which must be upheld and promoted. The answer to the above empirical question is very important to the policy-makers of signatory countries of the TPP, given that labor standards are considered to be a sensitive issue in many Asian countries. Their concerns are grounded in history. The Government of Poland and the communist system in Eastern Europe were brought down as a result of the implementation of labor rights in the 1980s¹. How to implement these rights without causing social and political disorder is a complex question for policy-makers in the TPP countries. The thesis reviews the literature on theoretical norm diffusion and labor standards as well as provides the empirical evidence of past diffusion of labor standards in order to identify which mechanisms of diffusion are likely to prevail in the field of labor standards in the Asia-Pacific region. It answers who are the drivers of diffusion. It draws on the record of all signed FTAs in the region to provide an empirical foundation for its projection about the likely content of the TPP in terms of rules and mechanisms for the enforcement of labor standards.  ¹ After the rights to organize freely and to strike was recognized by the Government of Poland, the Solidarity Unions was formed and after many ups and downs of its evolution, finally it had led successfully the overthrow of the communist Government of Poland and “played a central role in the demise of communism across the Soviet bloc, changing forever the course of history in Europe”. Read more at http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1060898.html, and http://future.state.gov/when/timeline/1969_detente/fall_of_communism.html</p>

A SINGLE-VENDOR SINGLE-BUYER INTEGRATED PRODUCTION-INVENTORY MODEL WITH QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AND CONTROLLABLE PRODUCTION RATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakhid Ahmad Jauhari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Defective Items ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Single Vendor

In the classical vendor-buyer inventory models, the common unrealistic assumption is that all the items manufactured are in good quality. However, in reality, it can be observed that there may be some defective items produced and then delivered to the buyer. Thus, the existence of defective items would consequently give significant influence to system behavior. In addition, a manufacturing flexibility such as the capability to adjust production capacity becomes a key success factor for increasing system flexibility as well as reducing total cost. Here, we investigate how a quality improvement program and adjustable production rate can help the supply chain to reduce the total cost. This paper studies the effect of quality improvement and controllable production rate in joint economic lot size model consisting of single-vendor and single-buyer under stochastic demand. The model gives allowance to the vendor to adjust production rate and also to invest an amount of capital investment to reduce the defect rate. The lead time is comprised of production time and setup and transportation time. The model also considers a situation in which the shortages in buyer side are assumed to be partially backordered. To solve the model, an iterative algorithm is proposed to determine simultaneously safety factor, delivery lot size, delivery frequency, production rate and process quality for minimizing total cost is proposed. The result from this study shows that allowing the vendor to both adjust the production rate and reduce the defective product by adopting quality improvement policy can reduce the individual and total cost. In the example given, the proposed model gives significant total cost saving of 45.9% compared to the model without controllable production rate and quality improvement.

Fairtrade Certification, Labor Standards, and Labor Rights

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura T. Raynolds
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
Voluntary Programs ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
Certification System ◽  
Compliance Model ◽  
Inclusive Governance

Fairtrade International certification is the primary social certification in the agro-food sector intended to promote the well-being and empowerment of farmers and workers in the Global South. Although Fairtrade's farmer program is well studied, far less is known about its labor certification. Helping fill this gap, this article provides a systematic account of Fairtrade's labor certification system and standards and compares it to four other voluntary programs addressing labor conditions in global agro-export sectors. The study explains how Fairtrade International institutionalizes its equity and empowerment goals in its labor certification system and its recently revised labor standards. Drawing on critiques of compliance-based labor standards programs and proposals regarding the central features of a ‘beyond compliance’ approach, the inquiry focuses on Fairtrade's efforts to promote inclusive governance, participatory oversight, and enabling rights. I argue that Fairtrade is making important, but incomplete, advances in each domain, pursuing a ‘worker-enabling compliance’ model based on new audit report sharing, living wage, and unionization requirements and its established Premium Program. While Fairtrade pursues more robust ‘beyond compliance’ advances than competing programs, the study finds that, like other voluntary initiatives, Fairtrade faces critical challenges in implementing its standards and realizing its empowerment goals.

Exploring the Ethics and Economics of Global Labor Standards: A Challenge to Integrated Social Contract Theory

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura P. Hartman ◽  
Bill Shaw ◽  
Rodney Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Social Contract Theory ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Worker Rights ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
Ethics And Economics

Abstract:The challenge that confronts corporate decision-makers in connection with global labor conditions is often in identifying the standards by which they should govern themselves. In an effort to provide greater direction in the face of possible global cultural conflicts, ethicists Thomas Donaldson and Thomas Dunfee draw on social contract theory to develop a method for identifying basic human rights: Integrated Social Contract Theory (ISCT). In this paper, we apply ISCT to the challenge of global labor standards, attempting to identify labor rights that could serve as guides for corporations producing or outsourcing outside of their home country. In addition to identifying areas of universal agreement, we also examine whether ISCT is, in fact, a sufficient basis for determining worker rights; we seek to define the parameters of the “sweatshop” problem; we include the application and results of our ISCT analysis as applied to labor standards: the global labor rights hypernorms; and conclude that ISCT is sufficient only for rights that are universal. We also discuss whether market-driven decisions can identify the boundaries of labor rights, or at least assure that market outcomes are compatible with maintaining labor rights, in order to respond to the shortcomings of ISCT. We conclude with some comments on directions of analysis for labor rights determination.

scholarly journals Reflection on Labor Standard’s Linkage to International Trade

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Yu-hong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Labor Standard ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The Developed Countries

Developed countries proposed to link labor standard up to the international trade, which was based on profound economic and social foundation. On this issue, there is a fundamental difference between developed and developing countries: the developed countries think that the low labor standards in the developing countries are a reflection of social dumping, while the developing countries consider labor standard’s linkage to the international trade as an embodiment of trade protectionism in developed countries. Nevertheless, the developed countries still take various measures to promote labor standards in the international trade and this trend tends to be intensified. The ultimate goal of developed countries is to integrate labor standards into the WTO multilateral trading system, and developing countries must face this reality.

Debottlenecking of Oil and Gas Separation Units to Enhance Oil Production Capacity: A Case Study of Kuwait Oil Company

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atulkumar Dabhi ◽  
Mahdi Al-Qazweeni ◽  
Mohammed Al-Otaibi ◽  
Meshari Al-Hasan ◽  
Saleh Al-Jabri
Keyword(s):  
Gas Separation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Company

scholarly journals Quality improvement in viticulture and winery

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Urbán
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Common Task

The author determines the development of the grape and wine production branches as a very cogent common task. Because of its importance this sector enables the livelihood of 100-150 thousand families and also of $ 80-100 million export income. A state subsidy is indispensable to the realization of that project. In the author's opinion on round 100 000 ha plantation area yearly 4-4.5 million hl wine can be produced, therefrom the export may amount to 1-1.3 million hl. Yearly 3000 ha vineyards should be planted in order to maintain the present production capacity.  

scholarly journals Development of Oil and Gas Projects Based on the Cluster Approach on the Example of the Irkutsk Oil Company

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Chalikova-Uhanova ◽  
Alexey Samarukha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Gas Clusters ◽  
Oil Company

Currently, world experience in oil and gas production shows that long-term economic impact of the industry can only be achieved if high value-added production capacity is established. The article analyzed the role of oil and gas industry worldwide and in Russia, noting relatively low level of hydrocarbon processing in Russia. The article analyzed international experience of various forms of state participation in creation and support of oil and gas clusters. Main trends in the development of gas and chemical industry abroad have been identified. We analyzed the current strategy for the development of chemical and petrochemical complex up to 2030. The conclusion is made about the need for state support for large-scale projects to create clusters in the field of oil and gas production and refining. The article described main stages of the project to create an oil and gas cluster in the Irkutsk Region - a gas project of the Irkutsk Oil Company.

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