scholarly journals Perlakuan Akuntansi Persediaan Barang Dagangan Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Beban Pokok Penjualan

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Aloisius Hama
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Physical Method ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Input Material ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost

Objectives to be achieved in this study is to know the accounting treatment of Merchandise Inventory which affects the Cost of Goods Sold on PT. Setia Makmur, Surabaya and can be used as input material of the company, to be able to use more accurate inventory method in determining Cost of Goods Sold in relation to Financial Statement. The accounting treatment for inventory is important for many companies, especially trading and manufacturing companies, as it has a significant effect on the presentation in the Balance Sheet and Income Statement. PT. Setia Makmur, Surabaya uses the Physical Method to record its inventory and LIFO Method (MTKP) to conduct an assessment of its Merchandise Inventory. The use of the Physical Method for the recording of Merchandise Inventory has a disadvantage from the point of internal control. The use of the LIFO Method (MTKP) in the Merchandise Inventory assessment is not in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards which only allow the Special Identification Method, the FIFO Method (MPKP) and the Average Method. The mistake in choosing the right inventory valuation method will result in the presentation of Inventory, Cost of Goods Sold and Net Income which is overstated or understated.

scholarly journals KAJIAN PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP LAPORAN LABA RUGI DAN NERACA DI PT. BPR SINDANG BINAHARTA KOTA LUBUKLINGGAU

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ery Triharyati ◽  
Emma Nursita
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Human Resource Accounting ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Resource Accounting ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Training

This study aims to the study of the application of Human Resource Accounting to the Profit Loss and Balance Sheet at PT. BPR Sindang Binaharta Lubuklinggau City. The study application of Human Resource Accounting could be seen by the recording conducted by PT. BPR Sindang Binaharta Lubuklinggau City releted to the cost human resource ( education and training ). Method used in this research is to use descriptive research type, by comparing profit loss and balance sheet before and after the application of Human Resource Accounting. Based on the research, will show those Human Resource Accounting concept giving a bigger net income to income statement. This is raising because cost education and training already in amortisasi and this cost avowed as asset in company. On the balance sheet based on Convensional Accounting and Human Resource Accounting will also showed the raising.This is raising because cost education and training as avowed asset in company.   Keywords : Human Resource Accounting, Profit Loss and Balance Sheet

scholarly journals Does Model Reflect on Reality? Exploring Beneish M Score on Selected Private Commercial Banks in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Santosh Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Stock Market Return ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Score Model ◽  
The Given

This research explores if possible fraudulent financial statement is present in private commercial banks in Nepal. This study examines the viability of Beneish M-score model in detecting probable earning manipulation considering the sample of 16 private commercial banks including the joint ventures. The published annual report (income statement and balance sheet) of the year 2018 and 2019 of respective banks are used as a secondary source of information. This research employs Beneish M-score equation and threshold value -2.22 as keys to analysis. The result shows even four banks are engaging in income manipulation, the Beneish model cannot identify the deception on the financial statement. Though the given model is suggested for manufacturing companies, the researcher has used it to explore the Banks—this is the limitation of this research. Further investigation of these tools combined with other fraud detection models is suggested to discover financial manipulation and relationship with the stock market return.

Analyzing Two Investments—An Instructional Case to Introduce Basic Financial Accounting Concepts

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Wendy J. Bailey ◽  
Janet A. Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Orientation Session ◽  
Statement Of Cash Flows

ABSTRACT This case introduces basic financial accounting concepts to graduate business students in an accounting orientation session (i.e., “boot camp”). Students assume they have invested in two cupcake businesses in Paris and they now want to determine which business performed best. Instructors can use this case, which provides students an opportunity to compare two businesses, to achieve several learning objectives including those related to accrual accounting (i.e., when to record transactions), the legal aspects of business (i.e., company structure, stock ownership, international accounting), and the use of estimates in financial reporting (i.e., depreciation, bad debts). This case also introduces students to the three basic financial statements (i.e., balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows), and the evaluation of financial results (i.e., net income versus cash flow, ratios). We have found that this simple, straightforward case helps students feel more confident when working with basic financial accounting concepts.

scholarly journals Improvement of the method of accounting at the production enterprise

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Yuliia SHOSTAK
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
General Production ◽  
Rational Organization ◽  
Administrative Expenses ◽  
The Cost

The article deals with the importance of accounting for costs for the activity of manufacturing enterprises, examines the organization of cost accounting. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the organization of accounting for production costs, as well as to identify specific ways of its further improvement. It is established that there is a need to differentiate the costs of operating activities with their further detail. The importance of cost detailing by species, which provides accuracy and reliability of cost data, contributes to their efficient management. The basic prerequisites for rational organization of cost accounting have been formed and the directions for increasing the level of management of expenditure implementation have been determined. Based on the primary cost accounting documents, the required amounts are calculated by displaying them with the relevant invoices. Formation of information on production costs is carried out on accounts 23 «Production», 91 «General production costs», 92 «Administrative expenses», as well as on account 90 «Cost of sales». The debit of these accounts accounts for the costs, the loan – their debiting. It is also determined that accounting for production costs is one of the most important elements of enterprise accounting. It is because of this improvement in accounting that much attention must be paid to this area. In improving the accounting method for the cost segment, we offer improvements in three ways: 1. developed a fragment of the Work plan of analytical accounts for synthetic accounts 91 «General production costs», 92 «Administrative expenses», 2. Improvement of the method of «accounting and double entry» of conducting standard accounting transactions using the proposed analytics, 3. The Balance Sheet and Reporting method has been improved by improving Form No. 2 «Financial Statements (Income Statement)» by introducing additional lines. Part of the proposed analytical accounts to the accounts 91 and 92 is indicated in Accounting provisions (standards) 16 «Expenses», however, in the Plan of accounts this analytics is not spelled out, supplementing them and grouping them, we offer second and third order subaccounts for the expense accounts 91 and 92 The existence of these subaccounts will be advisable, since it allows a clear division of production costs for each cost item, thanks to such detailing it will be possible to improve their management system, which in turn will allow to make cost reductions for specific items. Thus, through the above suggestions for improving the cost accounting method, these elements of the reporting form become more comprehensive and understandable, and also improve the quality of accounting.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN PADA UD LI JAYA KUPANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
Asnat C Bani Bili ◽  
R E H Riwumanu ◽  
Ari Data
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Accounting Information System ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
The Cost

Inventory is a large asset owned by the company. Large investments invested in the form of inventory willcause problems related to the cost of organizing where the cost will increase the warehouse costs. Inventoryis very vulnerable to damage, theft, and misappropriation. The inventory accounting system plays animportant role in the arrangement of avoiding the repatriation of the company's wealth, especiallyinventory. Proper and correct accounting treatment of inventory is absolutely necessary. This is becausethe inventory post has a considerable influence in the financial statements, which is in the balance sheetand in determining the price of inventory in the income statement. The problem in the research is how todesign good documents, records, and procedures related to the inventory accounting system ofmerchandise at Usaha Dagang Li Jaya Kupang and how the internal control system prevent the multipositions, mis-recording, and possible misappropriation of inventory of at Usaha Dagang Li JayaKupang. The results showed that the inventory accounting information system at UD. Li Jaya hasweaknesses in terms of inventory recording undone because of the limited educational background of theexisting workforce and in terms of its internal controls that have not been effective. The obstacles faced byUD. Li Jaya Kupang is the absence of computerized administration in the recording system, so that isno recording at all in the warehouse section. The inventory accounting information system at UD LiJaya Kupang must have its own recording administration, so that employees do not record bythemshelves. Keywords : Inventory, Intenal Control, Inventory Accounting Information System

scholarly journals Applicative aspects of bank′s financial reporting: Analytical framework of a single banking report

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-110
Author(s):  
Sinisa Ostojic
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Banking Organization ◽  
Income Statement

This paper introduces financial statements of commercial banks and presents a procedure for analyzing bank profitability and risks using historical data. The procedure involves decomposing aggregate profit ratios into their components to help identify key factors that influence performance. This paper presents a procedure for analyzing bank performance using periodic balance sheet and income statement data. It describes the components of financial statements, provides a framework for comparing the trade-off between bank profitability and risk, and compares the performance of a small community bank with that of a large super regional banking organization. It uses data presented in a banks Uniform Bank Performance Report (UBPR) to demonstrate the analysis. Many banks experience dramatic changes in profits from one period to the next or relative to what stock analysts expect. In many cases, profits are lower because of unanticipated loan losses. In other cases, profits are higher because of extraordinary growth in noninterest income. A key point is that it is becoming increasingly difficult to evaluate performance by looking at reported balance sheet and income statement data. Net income can be managed, or manipulated, by bank managers to disguise potential problems. In this paper I examine how banks, the most important of all the financial intermediaries, operate to earn the highest profits possible: how and why they make loans, how they acquire funds and manage their assets and liabilities (debts), and how they earn income.

scholarly journals ANALISIS LABA RUGI USAHA PENANGKAPAN KAPAL MINI PURSE SEINE DI PPP TASIKAGUNG REMBANG Analysis Income Statement of the Mini Purse Seine Fishing Business at Tasikagung Fishing Port Rembang

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Latiful Farida ◽  
Abdul Abdul Ghofar ◽  
Anhar Solichin
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Purse Seine ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Business Profit ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui laba rugi usaha penangkapan kapal mini purse seine, sekaligus mengetahui faktor biaya yang berpengaruh terhadap laba rugi usaha. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari – Maret 2019 di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Tasikagung Rembang. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data yaitu analisis usaha perikanan tangkap yang menghitung biaya pengeluaran (biaya operasional, biaya tetap, biaya penyusutan, biaya perawatan), pendapatan dan keuntungan. Ukuran GT kapal yang dijumpai pada waktu penelitian yaitu 13 – 30 GT. Hasil analisis biaya diperoleh rata-rata biaya tetap per tahun Rp. 194.847.967. Rata-rata biaya operasional per tahun sebelum penangkapan Rp. 511.099.200 sedangkan pasca penangkapan Rp. 1.142.796.515. Biaya operasional pasca penangkapan meliputi biaya retribusi (3% dari hasil lelang) dan upah ABK (bagi hasil 50% : 50% dari pendapatan bersih dengan juragan). Rata-rata biaya total per tahun Rp. 1.848.743.682. Rata-rata jumlah pendapatan hasil lelang per tahun Rp. 2.692.716.000. Rata-rata keuntungan yang diperoleh per tahun sebesar Rp. 843.972.318. Disimpulkan bahwa usaha penangkapan kapal mini purse seine di PPP Tasikagung Rembang, merupakan usaha yang menguntungkan bagi nelayan. ABSTRACTThe research aims to identify income statement of the mini purse seine fishing business, and to knowing the business cost factors which affects to the business profit/loss. The research was conducted on January - March 2019 at Tasikagung Fishing Port Rembang. The research method was descriptive, used simple random sampling. The data analysis uses analysis of fishing fisheries business, which calculates expense (operational, fixed, maintenance and depreciation costs), total income and profit. The size of the ship encountered with size 13 – 30 Gross Tonage. The results of the cost analysis obtained, average of fixed costs per year 194.847.967 IDR, average of operational costs per year before catch 511.099.200 IDR while post-catch 1.142.796.515 IDR. Post-catch operational costs include retribution fees (3% of auction) and salary of the crew (profit sharing 50% : 50% from net income with the owner). The average of total costs per year 1.848.743.682 IDR. The average of income from auction per year 2.692.716.000 IDR. The average profit per year is 843.972.318 IDR. It was concluded that the fishing business with mini purse seine at Tasikagung Fishing Port Rembang was a profitable business for fishermen.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF DATA IN THE VALUATION OF AN ENTERPRISE - THE COST OF EQUITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Piątek
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Enterprise Valuation ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Valuation Process ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost

The valuation of a company is a complex process and requires comprehensive knowledge. The decisions made at each stage have consequences for the next step. The first fundamental stage is to choose the standard of value that the valuer wants to determine. Only then is the appropriate valuation method selected. One of the further factors influencing the outcome of the valuation process is the cost of equity, which takes into account important parameters of the company's operation. It is the cost of equity that causes the most controversy and dilemmas. The research problem analyzed in the article is a way of calculating the cost of equity in enterprise valuation. The example of a specific valuation indicates that the cost of capital cannot be a parameter (data item) covering all risks, but only those that cannot be programmed in cash flows. In the course of research works, the valuation of enterprise B organized in the form of a general partnership as of 29.08.2014 in connection with its contribution by the shareholders to the joint-stock company A as an in-kind contribution increasing the capital was performed. Due to the fact that there is a minority shareholder in joint-stock company A, there is a dilemma of choosing the right value and valuation method and the method of calculating the cost of equity. Neither the literature on the subject in this respect, nor the parties to the transaction, indicate a clear solution, especially as regards the value of the cost of equity.

scholarly journals Measuring Firm Performance: Testing a Proposed Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Herciu ◽  
Radu Alexandru Șerban
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Revenue Growth ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Proposed Model

AbstractFirm performance is a very complex and exhaustive concept. It can be related to many factors: starting with variables from balance sheet, income statement or cash-flow statement, continuing with research and development expenses or IT competences, and last but not least with intangible assets like human capital, goodwill, or brand value. The purpose of the present paper is to develop and test a model in order to measure firm performance by considering US companies that are ranked into the Global Fortune 500. In this study we used control variables (assets growth rate, net income growth rate and revenue growth rate) and depended variables – return on assets (ROA), debt to equity, research and development expenses to total operating expenses, environment, social and governance rating, Tobin‘s q – to measure firm performance. The article‘s findings suggest that when analyzing the firm performance much more factors must be considered.

Disclosure versus Recognition of Stock Option Compensation: Effect on the Credit Decisions of Loan Officers

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Viger ◽  
Réjean Belzile ◽  
Asokan A. Anandarajan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Premium ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Stock Option ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Loan Officers ◽  
Reported Earnings ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

We examine if different stock option reporting formats affect bank loan officers' judgments and decisions. Three formats were used: (1) descriptive note of stock options plan only, (2) descriptive note that included a pro forma disclosure showing the impact of expensing the cost of stock options on net income, and (3) recognition of the stock options cost in the income statement. Our results show that loan officers estimated a higher risk rating and a more pessimistic trend rating, were less inclined to grant the loan, and charged a higher risk premium when the stock option expense was recognized in the income statement. Judgments and decisions did not significantly differ for the two methods of footnote disclosure, suggesting that loan officers are functionally fixated on reported earnings. Overall, our results support the FASB's claim that “disclosure is not an adequate substitute for recording.”

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