scholarly journals Functional State of the Central and Autonomic Regulation in Young Emergency Physicians in the Northern Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 374-384
Author(s):  
Marina A. Popova ◽  
◽  
Aleksandra E. Shcherbakova ◽  
Rinat R. Karimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The purpose of this research was to analyse the functional state of the central and autonomic nervous systems in young emergency physicians working in the northern region. Materials and methods. We examined 33 emergency physicians of a multidisciplinary hospital in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra aged 25 to 43 years (19 men and 14 women). The functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) was assessed using the method of simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR) and criteria developed by T.D. Loskutova – system’s functional level (SFL), reaction stability (RS) and level of functional abilities (LFA) – as well as attention stability, working memory and Whipple’s accuracy index. The state of autonomic regulation was evaluated according to the dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during active orthostatic test (AOT). Results. We found that male emergency physicians have higher rates of psychomotor reactions, SFL, RS, and LFA than their female colleagues. SVMR showed pathological reactions of the CNS in subjects of both sexes. The body’s adaptive capabilities due to autonomic regulation were preserved in most emergency physicians. However, a pathological response to AOT was found in both men and women. The pathological basis for impaired autonomic regulation and the development of maladaptive reactions in the subjects was a deterioration of the current functional state of the body, excessive activation of the sympathoadrenal system and a decrease in parasympathetic regulation. Responses to AOT in male emergency physicians were accompanied by a decrease in the total power (TP) of the HRV spectrum by 24.7 %, and an increase in low frequency (LF) to high frequency (HF) ratio by a factor of 2.6; while in female doctors, by a decrease in TP by 11.5 % and an increase in LF/HF ratio by a factor of 1.7. The median of 30/15 coefficient was 1.48 for men and 1.45 for women. Thus, in the course of professional selection of doctors to provide emergency care under unfavourable climatic conditions of the North, it is advisable to conduct a comprehensive examination of the functional state of the central nervous system and autonomic regulation to identify a risk group with impaired adaptation mechanisms. For citation: Popova M.A., Scherbakova A.E., Karimov R.R. Functional State of the Central and Autonomic Regulation in Young Emergency Physicians in the Northern Region. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 374–384. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z075

Characteristics of the dynamics of the central nervous system and att ention function in workers of shoe production

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
F. L. Azizova ◽  
U. A. Boltaboev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Women Workers ◽  
Functional State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conflict Of Interests ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Universal Device ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Working Day

The features of production factors established at the main workplaces of shoe production are considered. The materials on the results of the study of the functional state of the central nervous system of women workers of shoe production in the dynamics of the working day are presented. The level of functional state of the central nervous system was determined by the speed of visual and auditory-motor reactions, installed using the universal device chronoreflexometer. It was revealed that in the body of workers of shoe production there is an early development of inhibitory processes in the central nervous system, which is expressed in an increase in the number of errors when performing tasks on proofreading tables. It was found that the most pronounced shift s in auditory-motor responses were observed in professional groups, where higher levels of noise were registered in the workplace. The correlation analysis showed a close direct relationship between the growth of mistakes made in the market and the decrease in production. An increase in the time spent on the task indicates the occurrence and growth of production fatigue.Funding. The study had no funding.Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

scholarly journals Psychophysiological characteristics of female medical students of the mid Ob region

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
O.S. Litovchenko ◽  
◽  
A.S. Maksimova ◽  
S.T. Barseghyan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Level ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Body Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The article presents the results of a research of the functional state of the central nervous system of medical students studying in a Northern region. The study was based on such parameters of variational chronoreflexometry as the latent period of a simple visual-motor reaction, CNS functional level, response level, the functional level of the system. The study involved 94 girls of 1-2 years of study; the average age of students was 19.7±1.59 years. The analysis of the CNS characteristics of female students re-vealed a slightly reduced level of performance, combined with signs of the inhibition process, fatigue and body stress-reaction to the hypocomfort climatogeographic educational environment. The reduced functional level of the central nervous system and the latent period of response to visual stimuli in most of the examined students indicated weaker perceptual processes and lower psychomotor control of the body activity.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN THE NORTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Maksim Vladislavovich Osin ◽  
Viktor Petrovich Maltsev ◽  
Alena Anatolievna Govorukhina
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Sensorimotor Integration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Motor Reaction ◽  
The North ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Sensorimotor Responses

Background. The function of the central nervous system in adolescents reflects the complex influence of climatic and social conditions, as well as morphofunctional lability characteristic of puberty. Studying the functional state of the central nervous system in adolescents living at high latitudes is important for forming a region-dependent norm of the functional state of the body. Aim. The paper aims to reveal the features of sensorimotor integration as an indicator of the functional state of the central nervous system in 11–14-year-old students living in the North. Materials and methods. 88 schoolchildren from Surgut (46 males and 42 females) aged 11–12 years (1 group, n = 33) and 13–14 years (2 group, n = 55) were examined. Psychophysiological testing was carried out with the help of the NS-Psychotest hardware and software (Neurosoft, Ivanovo). The following methods were used: simple visual and motor reaction, complex visual and motor reaction – choice reaction. Mathematical and statistical processing was carried out in Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.0. Results. Sex-related differences in neurodynamic data were revealed: average parameters of boys of both groups in comparison with girls are characteristic of a more active and mobile central nervous system. The functional state of the central nervous system in males is higher than that of females in both age groups, though, sensorimotor responses of females are more stable. Age-related improvements in sensorimotor integration were noted due to improved cerebral processing of sensory information by reducing latency time of sensorimotor responses. In males, depending on age, there was a tendency to negative changes in the functional state of the central nervous system. Conclusions. The results obtained describe the average level of activation and a high level of functional mobility of nervous processes in all adolescents. The average level of the functional state of the central nervous system reflects the optimal functional capabilities of the participants, which is the basis for effective psychophysiological adaptation to living conditions and educational activities.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC REGULATION OF THE USE OF INTERACTIVE EQUIPMENT IN THE CLASSROOM IN KINDERGARTEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-229
Author(s):  
Marina I. Stepanova ◽  
Z. I. Sazanyuk ◽  
I. E. Aleksandrova ◽  
M. A. Polenova ◽  
I. P. Vishneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interactive Whiteboard ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sensorimotor Responses

Introduction. The purpose of the study was to assess the hygienic impact of classes with using an interactive whiteboard and an interactive table on the functional state of the body of preschool children aged 6-7 years. Material and methods. The results of studies of the impact of classes using interactive equipment in kindergarten on the functional state of the body of children aged 6-7 years. The interactive whiteboard was used in all classes (two or three) during the day. Continuous duration of its use at each session did not exceed 5 minutes, in total - 15 minutes during play activities used the interactive table which lasted up to 10 min. Results. The comparative analysis of the results of the studies did not reveal any differences in the indices of fatigue and psycho-emotional state of children in the response to developmental activities with and without the use of interactive equipment. The expressed activating influence of occupations with use of the interactive equipment on the activity of the central nervous system is established. This was manifested in a significant increase in the speed of complex sensorimotor responses and a decrease in the probability of an error. Discussion. In our opinion, the approximate response to the novelty, bright and attractive form of information presentation with the interactive equipment lead to the functional mobilization of brain structures involved in the analysis of information, followed by a more pronounced concentration of attention, creates an optimal tone of the central nervous system, providing ease and speed of lockings and functioning of nerve connections underlying learning.

HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTIC OF THE INTENSITY OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AND TYPOLOGY FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS OF THE BODY OF EACH OF STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT LEVEL OF EFFICIENCY

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Setko ◽  
E.V. Bulycheva ◽  
N.P. Setko
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Physiological Reactions

We conducted a study on the intensity of educational activities and determined the typology of the physiological reactions of the body of each of students with different levels of efficiency. The intensity of the educational process of students is given by the method of V.R. Kuchma, E.A. Tkachuk, N.V. Efimova, I.V. Mylnikova (2015) with a scoring of intellectual, sensory, emotional loads, mode and monotony of educational work. A survey of 295 students divided into three groups of 60 people was conducted at a time. There were students with a normal level of efficiency, with reduced efficiency and with significantly reduced efficiency. The functional state of the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system was determined on the hardware-software complexes based on the methods of, respectively, variational chronoreflexometry and pulsometry. The leading factors of students’ educational activities were high intellectual, visual loads and irregular schedule of academic work, which were assigned to class 3 of 2nd degree on unsocial conditions. In conditions of intense learning activities, only every third student had a normal level of efficiency. We have established the fact of a decrease in the functional state of the central nervous system, stability of the nervous response, adaptive capacity due to the intra-system mismatch of the autonomic nervous system departments and its regulation levels in students with reduced and significantly reduced efficiency as compared with students with normal efficiency. Those can become a scientific basis for the formation of targeted preventive measures to improve the level of efficiency through the normalization of these physiological processes.

scholarly journals PRESSOR SUBSTANCES FROM THE BODY FLUIDS OF MAN IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

1935 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irvine H. Page
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Blood Plasma ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
The Central Nervous System

1. Extracts of human blood plasma, ascitic and cerebrospinal fluids have been shown to contain a substance or substances which have a prolonged and powerful pressor action when injected into test animals. 2. The chemical properties of the substance suggest those of an organic base. It is extracted with alcohol, soluble in water and acetone, extracted from water by chloroform, and probably is but slightly heat-stable. The plasma colloids seem to hold the substance in a bound state since it does not appear in the ultrafiltrate and is liberated on coagulation of the colloids by alcohol. Coagulation alone of the blood does not cause the substance to be formed. 3. Its action suggests that its pressor effect is brought about by mediation of the central nervous system. This inference was drawn from the following observations. (a) The functional intactness of the central nervous system is essential in order that pressor responses be obtained. Unanesthetized animals exhibit greater vascular responses than do anesthetized. (b) Pithing animals completely abolishes the response. Progressive ablation of the brain to the level of the hind brain does not alter the response, but below this level, injury abolishes the activity of the extract. (c) Some substance in the extract sensitizes the mechanism responsible for the carotid sinus reflex. (d) There is no parallelism between the response to peripherally acting drugs and pressor extracts. (e) Removal of the adrenal glands does not affect its character. 4. The rise in blood pressure appears to be due especially to constriction of the arteries in the splanchnic region. 5. Assay of the pressor extracts is made difficult because of the dependence of the vascular response on the functional state of the central nervous system. The carotid sinus reflex and stimulation with carbon dioxide-air mixtures have proved most useful means for the estimation of this functional state. It has been pointed out that the vascular responses to extract, stimulation of the carotid sinus, and inhalation of carbon dioxide-air vary greatly during the course of an experiment on anesthetized animals. This natural history of the vascular responses has been described. 6. No evidence has been produced by the method employed that the amount of this pressor substance is increased in the blood or spinal fluid of patients with hypertension of varied pathogenesis (nephritic hypertension, essential hypertension, malignant hypertension, eclampsia, and pituitary basophilism).

EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION OF DIOCTYL TEREPHTHALATE IN THE AIR OF THE WORKING AREA

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
A. S. Radilov ◽  
S. A. Solntseva ◽  
I. E. Shkaeva ◽  
S. A. Dulov ◽  
E. V. Vivulanets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentration ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Threshold Limit ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Toxicity and hazard assessment of dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP) was performed in acute, subacute, and chronic experiments, and its principal toxicometry parameters were determined.It was found that on single exposure DOTP exhibits low toxicity and hazard. No resorptive and irritant effects on skin and mucous membrane of eyes were detected in animal experiments. The single inhalation exposure threshold limit value was set at 300 mg/m3, based on the results of monitoring of the functional state of the central nervous system and myocardium and hematological parameters.Thirty-day subacute experiments (oral administration, inhalation exposure, and skin applications) revealed no accumulation of the compound.Four-month chronic exposure to DOTP aerosols (concentration 96,8 mg/m3) caused disorder of the functional state of the central nervous system and myocardium, changes in the hematological and biochemical parameters, gas and acid-base status of the blood, and morphological changes in the lungs and heart. Embryotoxic, genotoxic and gonadotoxic effects were not detected.The chronic inhalation exposure threshold limit value for DOTP (Limch) was set at 18,6 mg/m3, and the concentration of 3,4 mg/m3 was found to be ineffective.The maximum allowable concentration of DOTP in the air of the working area was set at 3,0 mg/m3, hazard class 3.

Neural Stem Cells to Glial Cells an Important Factor for Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithiv K R Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Near Future

Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into any type of cell or organ. Stems cell originate from any part of the body, including the brain. Brain cells or rather neural stem cells have the capacitive advantage of differentiating into the central nervous system leading to the formation of neurons and glial cells. Neural stem cells should have a source by editing DNA, or by mixings chemical enzymes of iPSCs. By this method, a limitless number of neuron stem cells can be obtained. Increase in supply of NSCs help in repairing glial cells which in-turn heal the central nervous system. Generally, brain injuries cause motor and sensory deficits leading to stroke. With all trials from novel therapeutic methods to enhanced rehabilitation time, the economy and quality of life is suppressed. Only PSCs have proven effective for grafting cells into NSCs. Neurons derived from stem cells is the only challenge that limits in-vitro usage in the near future.

scholarly journals VI. —Anaphylaxis and anaphylatoxins

1923 ◽  
Vol 211 (382-390) ◽  
pp. 273-315 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Fundamental Conception ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the study of the phenomena of anaphylaxis there are certain points on which some measure of agreement seems to have been attained. In the case of anaphylaxis to soluble proteins, with which alone we are directly concerned in this paper, the majority of investigators probably accept the view that the condition is due to the formation of an antibody of the precipitin type. Concerning the method, however, by which the presence of this antibody causes the specific sensitiveness, the means by which its interaction with the antibody produces the anaphylactic shock, there is a wide divergence of conception. Two main currents of speculation can be discerned. One view, historically rather the earlier, and first put forward by Besredka (1) attributes the anaphylactic condition to the location of the antibody in the body cells. There is not complete unanimity among adherents of this view as to the nature of the antibody concerned, or as to the class of cells containing it which are primarily affected in the anaphylactic shock. Besredka (2) himself has apparently not accepted the identification of the anaphylactic antibody with a precipitin, but regards it as belonging to a special class (sensibilisine). He also regards the cells of the central nervous system as those primarily involved in the anaphylactic shock in the guinea-pig. Others, including one of us (3), have found no adequate reason for rejecting the strong evidence in favour of the precipitin nature of the anaphylactic antibody, produced by Doerr and Russ (4), Weil (5), and others, and have accepted and confirmed the description of the rapid anaphylactic death in the guinea-pig as due to a direct stimulation of the plain-muscle fibres surrounding the bronchioles, causing valve-like obstruction of the lumen, and leading to asphyxia, with the characteristic fixed distension of the lungs, as first described by Auer and Lewis (6), and almost simultaneously by Biedl and Kraus (7). But the fundamental conception of anaphylaxis as due to cellular location of an antibody, and of the reaction as due to the union of antigen and antibody taking place in the protoplasm, is common to a number of workers who thus differ on details.

The Co-Ordination of Insect Movements

1957 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-333
Author(s):  
G. M. HUGHES
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Normal Movement ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Blatta Orientalis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Leg Movements

I. The effects of limb amputation and the cutting of commissures on the movements of the cockroach Blatta orientalis have been investigated with the aid of cinematography. Detailed analyses of changes in posture and rhythm of leg movements are given. 2. It is shown that quite marked changes occur following the amputation of a single leg or the cutting of a single commissure between the thoracic ganglia. 3. Changes following the amputation of a single leg are immediate and are such that the support normally provided by the missing leg is taken over by the two remaining legs on that side. Compensatory movements are also found in the contralateral legs. 4. When two legs of opposite sides are amputated it has been confirmed that the diagonal sequence tends to be adopted, but this is not invariably true. Besides alterations in the rhythm which this may involve, there are again adaptive modifications in the movements of the limbs with respect to the body. 5. When both comrnissures between the meso- and metathoracic ganglia are cut, the hind pair of legs fall out of rhythm with the other four legs. The observations on the effects of cutting commissures stress the importance of intersegmental pathways in co-ordination. 6. It is shown that all modifications following the amputation of legs may be related to the altered mechanical conditions. Some of the important factors involved in normal co-ordination are discussed, and it is suggested that the altered movements would be produced by the operation of these factors under the new conditions. It is concluded that the sensory inflow to the central nervous system is of major importance in the co-ordination of normal movement.

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