scholarly journals HYGIENIC REGULATION OF THE USE OF INTERACTIVE EQUIPMENT IN THE CLASSROOM IN KINDERGARTEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-229
Author(s):  
Marina I. Stepanova ◽  
Z. I. Sazanyuk ◽  
I. E. Aleksandrova ◽  
M. A. Polenova ◽  
I. P. Vishneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interactive Whiteboard ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sensorimotor Responses

Introduction. The purpose of the study was to assess the hygienic impact of classes with using an interactive whiteboard and an interactive table on the functional state of the body of preschool children aged 6-7 years. Material and methods. The results of studies of the impact of classes using interactive equipment in kindergarten on the functional state of the body of children aged 6-7 years. The interactive whiteboard was used in all classes (two or three) during the day. Continuous duration of its use at each session did not exceed 5 minutes, in total - 15 minutes during play activities used the interactive table which lasted up to 10 min. Results. The comparative analysis of the results of the studies did not reveal any differences in the indices of fatigue and psycho-emotional state of children in the response to developmental activities with and without the use of interactive equipment. The expressed activating influence of occupations with use of the interactive equipment on the activity of the central nervous system is established. This was manifested in a significant increase in the speed of complex sensorimotor responses and a decrease in the probability of an error. Discussion. In our opinion, the approximate response to the novelty, bright and attractive form of information presentation with the interactive equipment lead to the functional mobilization of brain structures involved in the analysis of information, followed by a more pronounced concentration of attention, creates an optimal tone of the central nervous system, providing ease and speed of lockings and functioning of nerve connections underlying learning.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN THE NORTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Maksim Vladislavovich Osin ◽  
Viktor Petrovich Maltsev ◽  
Alena Anatolievna Govorukhina
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Sensorimotor Integration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Motor Reaction ◽  
The North ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Sensorimotor Responses

Background. The function of the central nervous system in adolescents reflects the complex influence of climatic and social conditions, as well as morphofunctional lability characteristic of puberty. Studying the functional state of the central nervous system in adolescents living at high latitudes is important for forming a region-dependent norm of the functional state of the body. Aim. The paper aims to reveal the features of sensorimotor integration as an indicator of the functional state of the central nervous system in 11–14-year-old students living in the North. Materials and methods. 88 schoolchildren from Surgut (46 males and 42 females) aged 11–12 years (1 group, n = 33) and 13–14 years (2 group, n = 55) were examined. Psychophysiological testing was carried out with the help of the NS-Psychotest hardware and software (Neurosoft, Ivanovo). The following methods were used: simple visual and motor reaction, complex visual and motor reaction – choice reaction. Mathematical and statistical processing was carried out in Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.0. Results. Sex-related differences in neurodynamic data were revealed: average parameters of boys of both groups in comparison with girls are characteristic of a more active and mobile central nervous system. The functional state of the central nervous system in males is higher than that of females in both age groups, though, sensorimotor responses of females are more stable. Age-related improvements in sensorimotor integration were noted due to improved cerebral processing of sensory information by reducing latency time of sensorimotor responses. In males, depending on age, there was a tendency to negative changes in the functional state of the central nervous system. Conclusions. The results obtained describe the average level of activation and a high level of functional mobility of nervous processes in all adolescents. The average level of the functional state of the central nervous system reflects the optimal functional capabilities of the participants, which is the basis for effective psychophysiological adaptation to living conditions and educational activities.

Characteristics of the dynamics of the central nervous system and att ention function in workers of shoe production

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
F. L. Azizova ◽  
U. A. Boltaboev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Women Workers ◽  
Functional State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conflict Of Interests ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Universal Device ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Working Day

The features of production factors established at the main workplaces of shoe production are considered. The materials on the results of the study of the functional state of the central nervous system of women workers of shoe production in the dynamics of the working day are presented. The level of functional state of the central nervous system was determined by the speed of visual and auditory-motor reactions, installed using the universal device chronoreflexometer. It was revealed that in the body of workers of shoe production there is an early development of inhibitory processes in the central nervous system, which is expressed in an increase in the number of errors when performing tasks on proofreading tables. It was found that the most pronounced shift s in auditory-motor responses were observed in professional groups, where higher levels of noise were registered in the workplace. The correlation analysis showed a close direct relationship between the growth of mistakes made in the market and the decrease in production. An increase in the time spent on the task indicates the occurrence and growth of production fatigue.Funding. The study had no funding.Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

scholarly journals Oligodendrocyte Bioenergetics in Health and Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Rosko ◽  
Victoria N. Smith ◽  
Reiji Yamazaki ◽  
Jeffrey K. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Coupling ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact

The human brain weighs approximately 2% of the body; however, it consumes about 20% of a person’s total energy intake. Cellular bioenergetics in the central nervous system involves a delicate balance between biochemical processes engaged in energy conversion and those responsible for respiration. Neurons have high energy demands, which rely on metabolic coupling with glia, such as with oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. It has been well established that astrocytes recycle and transport glutamine to neurons to make the essential neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, as well as shuttle lactate to support energy synthesis in neurons. However, the metabolic role of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system is less clear. In this review, we discuss the energetic demands of oligodendrocytes in their survival and maturation, the impact of altered oligodendrocyte energetics on disease pathology, and the role of energetic metabolites, taurine, creatine, N-acetylaspartate, and biotin, in regulating oligodendrocyte function.

scholarly journals Functional State of the Central and Autonomic Regulation in Young Emergency Physicians in the Northern Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 374-384
Author(s):  
Marina A. Popova ◽  
◽  
Aleksandra E. Shcherbakova ◽  
Rinat R. Karimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The purpose of this research was to analyse the functional state of the central and autonomic nervous systems in young emergency physicians working in the northern region. Materials and methods. We examined 33 emergency physicians of a multidisciplinary hospital in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra aged 25 to 43 years (19 men and 14 women). The functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) was assessed using the method of simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR) and criteria developed by T.D. Loskutova – system’s functional level (SFL), reaction stability (RS) and level of functional abilities (LFA) – as well as attention stability, working memory and Whipple’s accuracy index. The state of autonomic regulation was evaluated according to the dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during active orthostatic test (AOT). Results. We found that male emergency physicians have higher rates of psychomotor reactions, SFL, RS, and LFA than their female colleagues. SVMR showed pathological reactions of the CNS in subjects of both sexes. The body’s adaptive capabilities due to autonomic regulation were preserved in most emergency physicians. However, a pathological response to AOT was found in both men and women. The pathological basis for impaired autonomic regulation and the development of maladaptive reactions in the subjects was a deterioration of the current functional state of the body, excessive activation of the sympathoadrenal system and a decrease in parasympathetic regulation. Responses to AOT in male emergency physicians were accompanied by a decrease in the total power (TP) of the HRV spectrum by 24.7 %, and an increase in low frequency (LF) to high frequency (HF) ratio by a factor of 2.6; while in female doctors, by a decrease in TP by 11.5 % and an increase in LF/HF ratio by a factor of 1.7. The median of 30/15 coefficient was 1.48 for men and 1.45 for women. Thus, in the course of professional selection of doctors to provide emergency care under unfavourable climatic conditions of the North, it is advisable to conduct a comprehensive examination of the functional state of the central nervous system and autonomic regulation to identify a risk group with impaired adaptation mechanisms. For citation: Popova M.A., Scherbakova A.E., Karimov R.R. Functional State of the Central and Autonomic Regulation in Young Emergency Physicians in the Northern Region. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 374–384. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z075

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ADMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS OF FORMALDEHYDE ON THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN ADOLESCENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Rukavishnikov ◽  
N. V. Efimova ◽  
I. V. Mylnikova ◽  
O. M. Zhurba
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Formaldehyde Concentration ◽  
Functional Level ◽  
Sensorimotor Coordination ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Range Of Values

Formaldehyde is the one of the most dangerous toxic substances to human health. The purpose of research is to evaluate the functional state of the central nervous system in children with different levels of excretion of formaldehyde. There were examined 220 children (100 boys and 120 girls) aged of 11-17 years. There was used a complex of psychophysiological methods allowing to study cognitive features, power and performance of the central nervous system. Among the cognitive functions there were studied: gnosis (the perception and processing of information); sensorimotor coordination, attention. The formaldehyde concentration in urine was found to be in the range of values of conditional norms. Children were distributed into three groups in dependence on the formaldehyde concentration in urine. Children with the lowest level of excretion of formaldehyde were noted to possess an average speed of visual-motor reaction, a high level of sensorimotor coordination, middle level of the volume, distribution and shiftability of attention. In children with intermediate values of formaldehyde there were revealed the functional level of the system assessed as low, impaired performance of the CNS and sensorimotor coordination, shiftability of attention below average. The functional state of the central nervous system in children with the most high urinary excretion of formaldehyde, corresponding to the upper range of values, was differed by the low functional level of the system, decreased performance and sensorimotor coordination, volume, distribution and shiftability of attention below average level. In children from this group there was established the negative correlation between the concentration of formaldehyde in the urine and indices of the tapping test (the number of taps, the initial rate of speed). The tests revealed psychophysiological signs of the deterioration in the functional state of the central nervous system in children with the increasing of formaldehyde concentration in the urine.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF USE INTERACTIVE WHITEBOARD IN THE CLASSROOM FOR PRESCHOOLERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
M.I. Stepanova ◽  
Z.I. Sazanyuk ◽  
I.Е. Aleksandrova ◽  
M.A. Polenova ◽  
I.P. Lashneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Interactive Whiteboard ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Psychoemotional State ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The study of the influence of occupations using an interactive board in a kindergarten on the functional state of the organism of children aged 6–7 years was conducted. Interactive whiteboard was used in all classes (two or three) during the day. The continuous duration of its use in each lesson did not exceed 5 minutes, and the total – 20 minutes. As a control used the results of similar studies in these same children in the classroom without using an interactive whiteboard. Comparative analysis of the results of the studies did not reveal differences in fatigue and psychoemotional state of children in response to developmental studies using and without the use of an interactive whiteboard. A pronounced activating influence of occupations using an interactive board on the activity of the central nervous system was established.

HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTIC OF THE INTENSITY OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AND TYPOLOGY FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS OF THE BODY OF EACH OF STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT LEVEL OF EFFICIENCY

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Setko ◽  
E.V. Bulycheva ◽  
N.P. Setko
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Physiological Reactions

We conducted a study on the intensity of educational activities and determined the typology of the physiological reactions of the body of each of students with different levels of efficiency. The intensity of the educational process of students is given by the method of V.R. Kuchma, E.A. Tkachuk, N.V. Efimova, I.V. Mylnikova (2015) with a scoring of intellectual, sensory, emotional loads, mode and monotony of educational work. A survey of 295 students divided into three groups of 60 people was conducted at a time. There were students with a normal level of efficiency, with reduced efficiency and with significantly reduced efficiency. The functional state of the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system was determined on the hardware-software complexes based on the methods of, respectively, variational chronoreflexometry and pulsometry. The leading factors of students’ educational activities were high intellectual, visual loads and irregular schedule of academic work, which were assigned to class 3 of 2nd degree on unsocial conditions. In conditions of intense learning activities, only every third student had a normal level of efficiency. We have established the fact of a decrease in the functional state of the central nervous system, stability of the nervous response, adaptive capacity due to the intra-system mismatch of the autonomic nervous system departments and its regulation levels in students with reduced and significantly reduced efficiency as compared with students with normal efficiency. Those can become a scientific basis for the formation of targeted preventive measures to improve the level of efficiency through the normalization of these physiological processes.

Continued Growth of the Central Nervous System without Mandatory Addition of Neurons in the Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayanda Ngwenya ◽  
Nina Patzke ◽  
Paul R. Manger ◽  
Suzana Herculano-Houzel
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Nile Crocodile

It is generally believed that animals with larger bodies require larger brains, composed of more neurons. Across mammalian species, there is a correlation between body mass and the number of brain neurons, albeit with low allometric exponents. If larger bodies imperatively require more neurons to operate them, then such an increase in the number of neurons should be detected across individuals of a continuously growing species, such as the Nile crocodile. In the current study we use the isotropic fractionator method of cell counting to determine how the number of neurons and non-neurons in 6 specific brain regions and the spinal cord change with increasing body mass in the Nile crocodile. The central nervous system (CNS) structures examined all increase in mass as a function of body mass, with allometric exponents of around 0.2, except for the spinal cord, which increases with an exponent of 0.6. We find that numbers of non-neurons increase slowly, but significantly, in all CNS structures, scaling as a function of body mass with exponents ranging between 0.1 and 0.3. In contrast, numbers of neurons scale with body mass in the spinal cord, olfactory bulb, cerebellum and telencephalon, with exponents of between 0.08 and 0.20, but not in the brainstem and diencephalon, the brain structures that receive inputs and send outputs to the growing body. Densities of both neurons and non-neurons decrease with increasing body mass. These results indicate that increasing body mass with growth in the Nile crocodile is associated with a general addition of non-neurons and increasing cell size throughout CNS structures, but is only associated with an addition of neurons in some structures (and at very small rates) and not in those brain structures directly connected to the body. Larger bodies thus do not imperatively require more neurons to operate them.

scholarly journals PRESSOR SUBSTANCES FROM THE BODY FLUIDS OF MAN IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

1935 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irvine H. Page
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Blood Plasma ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
The Central Nervous System

1. Extracts of human blood plasma, ascitic and cerebrospinal fluids have been shown to contain a substance or substances which have a prolonged and powerful pressor action when injected into test animals. 2. The chemical properties of the substance suggest those of an organic base. It is extracted with alcohol, soluble in water and acetone, extracted from water by chloroform, and probably is but slightly heat-stable. The plasma colloids seem to hold the substance in a bound state since it does not appear in the ultrafiltrate and is liberated on coagulation of the colloids by alcohol. Coagulation alone of the blood does not cause the substance to be formed. 3. Its action suggests that its pressor effect is brought about by mediation of the central nervous system. This inference was drawn from the following observations. (a) The functional intactness of the central nervous system is essential in order that pressor responses be obtained. Unanesthetized animals exhibit greater vascular responses than do anesthetized. (b) Pithing animals completely abolishes the response. Progressive ablation of the brain to the level of the hind brain does not alter the response, but below this level, injury abolishes the activity of the extract. (c) Some substance in the extract sensitizes the mechanism responsible for the carotid sinus reflex. (d) There is no parallelism between the response to peripherally acting drugs and pressor extracts. (e) Removal of the adrenal glands does not affect its character. 4. The rise in blood pressure appears to be due especially to constriction of the arteries in the splanchnic region. 5. Assay of the pressor extracts is made difficult because of the dependence of the vascular response on the functional state of the central nervous system. The carotid sinus reflex and stimulation with carbon dioxide-air mixtures have proved most useful means for the estimation of this functional state. It has been pointed out that the vascular responses to extract, stimulation of the carotid sinus, and inhalation of carbon dioxide-air vary greatly during the course of an experiment on anesthetized animals. This natural history of the vascular responses has been described. 6. No evidence has been produced by the method employed that the amount of this pressor substance is increased in the blood or spinal fluid of patients with hypertension of varied pathogenesis (nephritic hypertension, essential hypertension, malignant hypertension, eclampsia, and pituitary basophilism).

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