Prevalence Rate of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Infection in Iraqi Patients on Hemodialysis: Cross Sectional Study

Introduction. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and their long-term sequelae are considered a major health issue in Egypt. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among patients admitted for elective eye surgery in a specialized eye hospital in Cairo, Egypt. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a specialized eye hospital, Cairo, Egypt. The study included consecutive patients admitted for elective eye surgery in the period from April 2015 to June 2016. Age, sex, and procedure done were recorded for all patients. All the subjects were screened for HBV and HCV by rapid chromatography immunoassay; if positive, the results had to be confirmed by ELISA. Results. 3067 patients admitted for elective eye surgery were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 50.85 ± 19.77 years. There were 1592 (51.9%) males and 1475 (48.1%) females. The prevalence of preoperative positive HBV and HCV was 7/3067 (0.2%) and 381/3067 (12.4%), respectively. Conclusion. Given the high prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in our population in general and in this study specifically, all patients admitted for surgery should be screened for both viruses.

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Evaluation of Hepatitis B & Hepatitis C Virus co-infection among the hemodialysis patients in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.4(6).p323-326 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 323-326

Author(s):

Shantanu Prakash ◽

S. N. Sankhwar ◽

Amita Jain ◽

Kausar Usman ◽

Narayan Prasad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection substantially cause series of liver diseases worldwide. Because these two viruses share the modes of transmission, HBV HCV co-infection is common with approximately 7-20 million people affected globally. Hemodialysis individuals are at risk of HBV and HCV infections. The prevalence rates of coinfection with HBV and HCV in Hemodialysis patients have been variable worldwide depending on the geographic regions, and the type of exposure. This study aimed to exam-ine HBV and HCV coinfection and determine the shared and significant fac-tors in the coinfection in Hemodialysis patients. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on 237 Hemodialysis patients including 153 males and 84 females in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, to survey coinfection with HBV and HCV using ELISA. The retrospective demographic data of the sub-jects was collected and the patient’s serums were analyzed by ELISA. The collected data was analyzed with Instat (Graphpad) software. Fisher's exact test with 5% error intervals was used to measure the correlation of variables and infection rates. The results of the study indicated that the prevalence of hepatitis B & C virus in hemodialysis patients was 9.70% (n=23), out of which 1 (0.42%) was suffering with HBV & HCV co-infection while 6 were only HBV positive and 16 were only HCV positive. There is very low prevalence of Hep-atitis C Virus and Hepatitis B Virus coinfection in hemodialysis patients in this region.

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A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO COMPARE HEPATITIS B IMMUNITY IN HIV INFECTED AND UNINFECTED KENYAN CHILDREN FOLLOWING PRIMARY IMMUNIZATION AGAINST THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS.

10.26226/morressier.58fa1769d462b80290b51b9b ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Mbuthia

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary Immunization ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

B Virus

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Hepatitis B virus infection among men who have sex with men and transgender women living with or at risk for HIV: a cross sectional study in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06368-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Olusegun A. Adeyemi ◽

Andrew Mitchell ◽

Ashley Shutt ◽

Trevor A. Crowell ◽

Nicaise Ndembi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Condomless Sex ◽

B Virus ◽

Hbv Prevalence ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Despite the development of a safe and efficacious hepatitis B vaccine in 1982, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to shared risk factors for virus acquisition, men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) living with HIV are at increased risk of HBV. We estimated the prevalence of HBV and associated factors for MSM and TGW living with or without HIV in Nigeria. Methods Since March 2013, TRUST/RV368 has recruited MSM and TGW in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria using respondent driven sampling. Participants with HIV diagnosis, enrollment as of June 2015, and available plasma were selected for a cross-sectional study and retrospectively tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with prevalent HBV infection. Results A total of 717 MSM and TGW had a median age of 25 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 21–27), 5% self-reported HBV vaccination, 61% were living with HIV, 10% had prevalent HBV infection and 6% were HIV-HBV co-infected. HIV mono-infected as compared to HIV-HBV co-infected had a higher median CD4 T cell count [425 (IQR: 284–541) vs. 345 (IQR: 164–363) cells/mm3, p = 0.03] and a lower median HIV RNA viral load [4.2 (IQR: 2.3–4.9) vs. 4.7 (IQR: 3.9–5.4) log10copies/mL, p < 0.01]. The only factor independently associated with HBV was self-report of condomless sex at last anal intercourse (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3, 3.6). HIV infection was not independently associated with HBV (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.7–1.6). Conclusion HBV prevalence was moderately high but did not differ by HIV in this cohort of MSM and TGW. Recent condomless sex was associated with elevated HBV risk, reinforcing the need to increase communication and education on condom use among key populations in Nigeria. Evaluating use of concurrent HIV antiretroviral therapy with anti-HBV activity may confirm the attenuated HBV prevalence for those living with HIV.

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Hepatitis B virus infection and its associated factors among medical waste collectors at public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-05918-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Degu Abate Mengiste ◽

Abebe Tolera Dirbsa ◽

Behailu Hawulte Ayele ◽

Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Waste ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

B Virus ◽

History Of

Abstract Background The risk of hepatitis B virus infection among medical waste handlers who undergo collection, transportation, and disposal of medical wastes in the health institutions is higher due to frequent exposure to contaminated blood and other body fluids. There is limited evidence on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B among medical waste handlers in eastern Ethiopia. The study was aimed at studying the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and associated risk factors among medical waste collectors at health facilities of eastern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected medical waste collectors from public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia from March to June 2018. A pre-tested and well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and hepatitis B infection risk factors. A2.5ml venous blood was also collected, centrifuged and the serum was analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen using the instant hepatitis B surface antigen kit. Descriptive summary measures were done. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to assess the risk of association. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted with 95% CI and all value at P-value < 0.05 was declared statistically significant. Results From a total of 260 (97.38%) medical waste collectors participated, HBV was detected in 53 (20.4%) of the participants [95%CI; 15.8, 25.6]. No significant differences were observed in the detection rates of HBV with respect to socio-demographic characteristics. In both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, being unvaccinated (AOR = 6.35; 95%CI = [2.53–15.96], P = 0.001), history of blood transfusion (receiving) (AOR; 3.54; 95%CI; [1.02–12.24], P = 0.046), history of tattooing (AOR = 2.86; 95%CI = [1.12–7.27], p = 0.03), and history of multiple sexual partner (AOR = 10.28; 95%CI = [4.16–25.38], P = 0.001) remained statistically significantly associated with HBsAg positivity. Conclusion This cross-sectional study identified that HBV infection is high among medical waste collectors in eastern Ethiopia. Immunization and on job health promotion and disease prevention measures should be considered in order to control the risk of HBV infection among medical waste collectors in eastern Ethiopia.

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High prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.058297-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (8) ◽

pp. 1235-1238 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Inmaculada Castillo ◽

Javier Bartolomé ◽

Juan Antonio Quiroga ◽

Vicente Carreño

Keyword(s):

Chronic Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽

B Virus

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the absence of detectable antibodies against HCV and of viral RNA in serum is called occult HCV infection. Its prevalence and clinical significance in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is unknown. HCV RNA was tested for in the liver samples of 52 patients with chronic HBV infection and 21 (40 %) of them were positive for viral RNA (occult HCV infection). Liver fibrosis was found more frequently and the fibrosis score was significantly higher in patients with occult HCV than in negative ones, suggesting that occult HCV infection may have an impact on the clinical course of HBV infection.

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Screening for hepatitis B virus prior to initiating tocilizumab and tofacitinib in patients with rheumatologic diseases: a cross-sectional study

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.210257 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jrheum.210257

Author(s):

Amir M. Mohareb ◽

Naomi J. Patel ◽

Xiaoqing Fu ◽

Arthur Y. Kim ◽

Zachary S. Wallace ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Hbsag ◽

Rheumatologic Diseases ◽

American College Of Rheumatology ◽

B Virus ◽

Hbv Screening

Objective Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can reactivate among rheumatology patients initiating tocilizumab or tofacitinib. HBV screening is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), and the Canadian Rheumatology Association but is not explicitly recommended by the American College of Rheumatology. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to characterize HBV screening practices for adult rheumatology patients initiating tocilizumab or tofacitinib before December 31, 2018, in the Greater Boston area. We classified appropriate HBV screening patterns prior to tocilizumab or tofacitinib (i.e., HBV surface antigen [HBsAg], total core antibody [anti- HBcAb], and surface antibody [HBsAb]) as: complete (all 3 tested), partial (any 1 or 2 tests), or none. We determined the frequency of inappropriate HBV testing (HBeAg, anti-HBcAb IgM, or HBV DNA without a positive HBsAg or total anti-HBcAb) and used multivariable regression to assess factors associated with complete HBV screening. Results Among 678 subjects initiating tocilizumab, 194 (29%) completed appropriate HBV screening, 307 (45%) had partial screening, and 177 (26%) had none. Among 391 subjects initiating tofacitinib, 94 (24%) completed appropriate HBV screening, 195 (50%) had partial screening, and 102 (26%) had none. Inappropriate testing was performed in 22% of subjects. Race was associated with complete HBV screening (white versus non-white, OR 0.74; 95%CI: 0.57-0.95) while prior immunosuppression was not (csDMARDs, OR 1.05, 95%CI: 0.72-1.55; bDMARDs, OR 0.73, 95%CI: 0.48- 1.12). Conclusion Patients initiating tocilizumab or tofacitinib are infrequently screened for HBV despite recommendations from AASLD and CDC.

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Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The Open Virology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874357901812010026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 26-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Arnolfo Petruzziello

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Liver Cancers ◽

B Virus

Introduction:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent primary malignant tumors and accounts for about 90% of all primary liver cancers. Its distribution varies greatly according to geographic location and it is more common in middle and low- income countries than in developed ones especially in Eastern Asia and Sub Saharan Africa (70% of all new HCCs worldwide), with incidence rates of over 20 per 100,000 individuals.Explanation:The most important risk factors for HCC are Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection, excessive consumption of alcohol and exposition to aflatoxin B1. Its geographic variability and heterogeneity have been widely associated with the different distribution of HBV and HCV infections worldwide.Chronic HBV infection is one of the leading risk factors for HCC globally accounting for at least 50% cases of primary liver tumors worldwide. Generally, while HBV is the main causative agent in the high incidence HCC areas, HCV is the major etiological factor in low incidence HCC areas, like Western Europe and North America.Conclusion:HBV-induced HCC is a complex, stepwise process that includes integration of HBV DNA into host DNA at multiple or single sites. On the contrary, the cancerogenesis mechanism of HCV is not completely known and it still remains controversial as to whether HCV itself plays a direct role in the development of tumorigenic progression.

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