scholarly journals Al-Ghazali And Hume On Natural Causal Necessity And Miracles

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (- 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Jawad Ali Shah ◽  
Shuja Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Logical Necessity ◽  
Causal Necessity

This paper argues that Al-Ghazali and Hume arrived at same conclusion i.e.both reject natural causality as a logical necessity however they provide very different premises for this conclusion. Moreover, Hume’s rejection of the natural causal necessity leads him to religious skepticism whereas, Al-Ghazali’s rejection of natural causal necessity leads him to have a strong faith in God and Miracles. The paper discusses the problem of causation in their philosophies focusing on the issues such as: causation as habit; uniformity in the natural order; causation is a mere sequence of observed things; whether causal relation is ontological or epistemological; issues related to miracles and diverse possibilities. Furthermore, the paper also focuses on the issue of Occasionalism and free will with special reference to Al-Ghazali and Hume.

Causal necessity and logical necessity

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Logical Necessity ◽  
Causal Necessity

Why is there so much evil?

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
William Hasker
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Problem Of Evil ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
The Problem Of Evil ◽  
Good And Evil

The problem of evil is one that perplexes both believers and non-believers. The best approach to the problem is to see evil and suffering as the outcome of general policies God has adopted in creating and governing the world—policies which on the whole are good and beneficial, but which in specific cases lead to suffering for humans and other sentient creatures. Chief among these policies are the policy of allowing human beings to exercise free will in choosing between good and evil, and the policy of creating and sustaining a world of nature that operates according to its inherent laws, with divine interventions into the natural order comparatively infrequent. This approach benefits persons suffering from various evils by releasing them from an often fruitless search for “God’s reasons” for the evil in question, and enabling them to focus on the grace and strength given by Christ to live courageously in spite of their suffering.

scholarly journals Spanish and English contact and morpheme acquisition

Normas ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Daniel Smith
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
First Language ◽  
Natural Order

Regarding the order of morpheme acquisition in both first language (L1) and second language (L2) acquisiton there appears to be a so-called 'natural order' of acquisition.  In addition, there are peculiarities which are part of the morphosyntax of any language influencing the order of morpheme acquisition in L2, whether it be from the L1, or as in the case of simultaneous bilinguals, another L1.  We use Myers-Scotton's (2002) 4-M model to help us analyze and discuss the data. The analysis shows a tendency for speakers to acquire language morphology in a natural order, regardless of the L1, but with special reference to Spanish and English we show that the two languages can influence each other and make changes in the order of acquisition.

Sir William Hamilton

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-35
Author(s):  
W. J. Mander
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Critical Philosophy ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

William Hamilton epitomizes very clearly the challenge that contemporary philosophers face in studying their nineteenth-century predecessors. There can be few thinkers who have been the subject of such a massive reversal of reputational fortune as Hamilton, from being heralded in his day as a philosophical genius to being ignored by subsequent generations as a pompous blunderer. The chapter examines the central principles of Hamilton’s metaphysics, with special reference to his assertion of the relativity of knowledge and the law of the conditioned. The chapter considers how his metaphysical system relates both to that of Kant’s Critical philosophy and the Scottish common sense school, and examines its application to the specific concepts of substance and adjective, space and time, causality, free will and God.

Causal necessity and logical necessity

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
David H. Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Logical Necessity ◽  
Causal Necessity

James Dundas, the First Lord Arniston, on the Idea of Moral Philosophy and the Concept of Will

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-173
Author(s):  
Alexander Broadie
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Practical Reason ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Deliberative Process ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Last Judgment ◽  
The Will ◽  
Made In

This chapter focuses on the Scottish judge James Dundas, the first Lord Arniston, whose 313 page manuscript Idea philosophiae moralis (The idea of moral philosophy) has only recently come to light. Written in 1679, the year of Dundas’s death, the Latin manuscript, the only philosophical work he is known to have written, fits squarely within the category of Reformed orthodox scholasticism. Dundas begins in an Aristotelian spirit by expounding a concept of moral philosophy that rather closely resembles the concept that emerges from Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, though Dundas believes Aristotle’s exposition to be the poorer for its not including a concept corresponding to that of the Fall. Dundas also discusses the concept of the will, with special reference to the question whether the will necessarily wills in accordance with the last judgment made in a deliberative process by practical reason, and he emerges from his discussion as a determinist who nevertheless believes that we have free will.

scholarly journals CONSUMER’S PERCEPTION TOWARDS NEUROMARKETING IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KANO MODEL

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Harit Kumar ◽  
Neha Mathur ◽  
Sangeeta Jauhari
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Purchase Decisions ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Kano Model ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Consumer's Perception

This paper presents how consumer’s perception towards neuromarketing can be analyzed by using Kano model and discusses the potential benefits that can be achieved by applying this approach to skis the application of neuromarketing. Neuromarketing investigates important information that commonly consumer purchase decisions take place at a mental, emotional and instinctive level; those take place in the subconscious brain that is under the levels of controlled awareness. Due to this striking motive, the perception technologists of the market are extremely keen to study the techniques of successful handling of the subconscious brain actions. The major reason is to encourage the preferred response in person’s perception as intensely as possible. This article with the application of Kano Model examines the impact of application of neuroscience techniques on marketing practices as these communicate to the exercise of individual free will. This study centers to investigate the consumer’s perception towards neuromarketing by Kano questionnaire; includes questions involving consumers’ awareness, consent, and understanding to what may be viewed as foray of their privacy rights.

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