scholarly journals VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL-RELATED MEASUREMENT SCALES AMONG LOW-INCOME MALAYSIAN SMOKER

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-314
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Measurement Scales

Introduction: Tobacco is the only legal product that kills a large proportion of its consumers when used as intended by its manufacturer. The effect of nicotine as a driving substance on smoking has been established for decades. Still, very little is known on how the biopsychosocial determinants relationship affects levels of nicotine addiction in smokers, especially in the urban low-income population. The study aimed to validate measurement scales related to biopsychosocial factors that will be used in the future study to evaluate biopsychosocial components that influence nicotine addiction among urban poor smokers. Methods: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using the principal component analysis with varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization was used to assess the factor structure. Then, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the unidimensionality, validity, and reliability of the latent construct. Results: EFA showed extraction of factors according to their original scales with all factor loading and communality's values were above 0.5. During CFA, factor loading less than 0.6 was deleted. Convergent validity verified by computing the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) for every construct range between 0.528 – 0.801. The Fitness Indexes achieved the required level (RMSEA=0.05, CFI=0.937, Chisq/df=1.7). Meanwhile, the Discriminant Validity Index range between 0.75-0.89, which is higher than the correlation coefficient value. Internal consistency assessed from Composite Reliability range between 0.714-0.965. Conclusion: The measurement scales are valid and reliable to assess the intended constructs among low-income male smokers in the urban area.

Consumers Attitude towards Ads on Social Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (ii) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biraj Ghimire ◽  
Bharat Singh Thapa ◽  
Suman Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Validity And Reliability

The purpose of the study was to investigate influence of advertisement traits on attitude towards Ads on social media and intention to use them for purchase decision. The study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the relationship. The validity and reliability of the constructs were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The EFA was conducted using Principal Component Analysis and Varimax Rotation Method. 7 factors explained 67% of variation. The result also showed sampling adequacy with Kaiser-Meyer-Olin (KMO) test and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity indicated that sample of 255 was appropriate for factor analysis. The result provided a justifiable range of construct reliability and discriminant validity. Consequently, structural model was developed. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted to test the goodness of the model. The result indicated that advertisement contents on social media with informative and entertaining were more likely to be used by the consumers. Similarly, favorable attitude towards Ads on social media had a positive intention to use the message for purchase decision. Key words: Marketing, Attitude, Ads on social media, Consumers, Factor analysis, Message

Developing a Consumer Complaining and Recovery Effort Scale

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Lu ◽  
Dogan Gursoy ◽  
Christina Geng-Qing Chi ◽  
Guangshun Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Recovery Effort ◽  
Affective Components ◽  
Using Data

The main purpose of this study is to identify the underlying dimensions of consumer complaining and recovery effort and to develop a multidimensional scale to measure this construct. Literature suggests that the consumer complaining and recovery effort is a four-dimensional construct consisting of procedural, cognitive, time-related, and affective components. Using data collected from hotel guests, a measurement scale is developed to assess this four-dimensional construct. First, a factor analysis is conducted on one set of data. Afterward, the underlying dimensions identified by the exploratory factor analysis are confirmed by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis on a separate set of data. Findings suggest that the scale developed in this study presents substantial convergent validity, discriminant validity, predictive validity, and reliability.

scholarly journals Unembodiment in the Internet. Part 2. Psychometric Verification of the Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-233
Author(s):  
N.V. Kopteva ◽  
A.Yu. Kalugin ◽  
L.Ya. Dorfman
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
Embodied Self

The purpose of present study is to develop and verify the questionnaire aimed at assessing the degree of unembodiment in the Internet as a consequence of using modern information technologies. The use of modern information technologies is associated with disembodiment, liberation of the Self from the body and related experiences. Immersion in virtual reality and “disembodiment” can cause the existential position of “unembodiement”, the features of which, according to the concept of the English psychologist R. Lang, are most clearly manifested in the clinic of schizoids. The study was conducted in the form of a psychodiagnostic survey, during which the reliability and validity of the developed method for assessing unembodiement on the Internet was tested. The main sample of the study was 809 people (31% of males), mostly university students, aged 17 to 25 years (M=18.73; SD=0.98). Smaller samples were used to study convergent and discriminant validity: 423, 324, 148 and 128 people. Correlations with measures of psychological consequences of Internet use, self-efficacy and life-meaning orientations reported convergent validity, and correlations with measures of intelligence and creativity reported discriminant validity. The results of principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFI=0.936, TLI=0.925, RMSEA=0.055, SRMR=0.059) confirm the construct validity of the method, which includes three subscales (Unembodiment as Virtualization, The Preference of the Internet, and Vitality of the Embodied Self) and a general scale (Unembodiment in the Internet). The one-step reliability of the scales varied from 0.7 to 0.9. The scales Vitality of the Embodied Self and The Preference of the Internet had a high level of discrimination, the scale Unembodiment as virtualization ― moderate. The developed questionnaire meets the requirements of validity and reliability and can be used to study the phenomenon of unembodiment on the Internet.

scholarly journals Instruments for Measuring the Influence of Visual Persuasion: Validity and Reliability Tests

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurulhuda Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Fairuz Shiratuddin ◽  
Kok Wai Wong
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Visual Persuasion ◽  
Bartlett’S Test ◽  
Novice Users

In User Experience (UX) research, the instruments are often measured by means of rating scales such as Likert scale and semantic differential scale. The validity of the findings and conclusions rely heavily on the instruments used in the questionnaires. This paper provides the assessment of the validity and reliability of a new set of measures to evaluate the influence of visual persuasion on web users. The instruments will be used to assess web users' perceptions of credibility, engagement, informativeness, satisfaction, social influences, usability, and visual aesthetic. Firstly, 85 items are pilot tested by expert and novice users in an offline and online settings. Secondly, the exploratory factor analysis is carried out in which 44 items representing 12 latent variables are reduced to 39 items with some of the latent variables are combined into one. The results show: Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) of 0.901, significant Bartlett’s test, communalities range between 0.470 - 0.829, nine factors (also known as the latent variables) emerged with eigenvalues greater than 1, explaining more than 60% of the total variance, factor loadings of 0.466 and above, factors correlations of less than 0.7, and Cronbach’s alphas are well above the limit of 0.70. Finally, a confirmatory factor analysis is carried out on the first-order and second-order latent variables using the PLS-SEM. The instruments exceed the minimum requirement of the assessments for the convergent validity, discriminant validity, reliability and collinearity. The findings suggest that the proposed 39 items are valid and reliable for measuring the persuasiveness of visual persuasion.

A validation study of the Korean version of the thriving at work measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Young Lee ◽  
Yunsoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Measurement ◽  
Korean Version ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Thriving At Work

Purpose The purpose of this study is to validate the Korean version of the thriving at work measurement by Porath et al. (2012). Design/methodology/approach After translating the thriving at work measurement into Korean, the researchers assessed the validity and reliability of the measurement in a Korean working context using two different samples. In Study 1, the study validated the translated measurement using Rasch’s (1960) model, exploratory factor analysis and a reliability test with a sample of 322 employees. In Study 2, the study conducted a confirmatory factor analysis, a reliability test and a convergent and discriminant validity test using a sample of 187 employees. Findings Based on the analyses, this paper concluded that thriving at work has a two-factor construct and eight-item thriving at work measurement was better than the original 10-item measurement. The eight-item measurement demonstrated good discriminant and convergent validity. Originality/value This study validated the thriving at work measurement in a Korean context using Rasch’s (1960) model from the item response theory perspective.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of the Arabic Version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire for Yemeni Adolescents

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Amal A. M. Alsanabani ◽  
Zamros Y. M. Yusof ◽  
Wan Nurazreena Wan Hassan ◽  
Khalid Aldhorae ◽  
Helmi A. Alyamani
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Psychosocial Impact ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Validity Test ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Dental Aesthetics

(1) Objectives: This paper aimed to cross-culturally adapt the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) into an Arabic language version (PIDAQ(A)) for measuring the oral health related quality of life related to dental aesthetics among 12–17-year-old Yemeni adolescents. (2) Material and methods: The study comprised three parts, which were linguistic validation and qualitative interview, comprehensibility assessment, and psychometric validations. Psychometric properties were examined for validity (exploratory factor analysis (EFA), partial confirmatory factor analysis (PCFA), construct, criterion, and discriminant validity) and reliability (internal consistency and reproducibility). (3) Results: The PIDAQ(A) contained a new item. EFA extracted three factors (item factor loading 0.375 to 0.918) comprising dental self-confidence, aesthetic concern, and psychosocial impact subscales. PCFA showed good fit statistics (comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.928, root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.071). In addition, invariance across age groups was tested. Cronbach’s α values ranged from 0.90 to 0.93 (intraclass correlations = 0.89–0.96). A criterion validity test showed that the PIDAQ(A) had a significant association with oral impacts on daily performance scores. A construct validity test showed significant associations between PIDAQ(A) subscales and self-perceived dental appearance and self-perceived need for orthodontic braces (p < 0.05). Discriminant validity presented significant differences in the mean PIDAQ(A) scores between subjects having severe malocclusion and those with slight malocclusion. No floor or ceiling effects were detected.

scholarly journals Testing MKTOR Scale Properties in Serbian Exporters’ Context

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Njegic ◽  
Ines Djokic ◽  
Vesna Milanovic
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Performance Research ◽  
Nomological Validity

Research Question: This paper investigates whether the Narver and Slater’s market orientation scale (MKTOR scale) is reliable, valid and applicable in the Serbian exporters’ context. Motivation: Previous studies that examined the applicability of the MKTOR scale report inconsistent results (Matsuno, Mentzer, & Rentz 2005; Ward, Girardi, & Lewandowska, 2006; Rojas-Mendez, & Rod, 2013) and the studies that use MKTOR scale in export performance research are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to examine psychometric properties of the MKTOR scale based on the data gathered from Serbian exporters. Idea: The core idea of this paper was to empirically evaluate reliability, convergent, discriminant and nomological validity of the the MKTOR scale. Data: In order to collect data for the analysis, an on-line survey was conducted which related to the business year 2017. It involved 60 managers of exporting firms in the Republic of Serbia. Tools: The statistical methods used were exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis through partial least squares. Findings: The obtained results indicate that the original the MKTOR scale satisfies the reliability and convergent validity criteria. Since the MKTOR scale did not demonstrate adequate discriminant validity, a refined scale was proposed. The results of the research shown that the MKTOR consists of three separate components that can be used as independent measurement scales. A statistically significant positive relationship was found between market orientation measured with the MKTOR scale and the overall satisfaction with export performance, which demonstrates the nomological validity of the examined scale. The obtained results contribute to the external validation of the MKTOR scale. The results are valuable since they provide researchers from Serbia with the reliable measurement instrument that can be used for the empirical investigation of market orientation and its various influential factors. Contribution: This paper contributes to the existing literature by providing the evidence from the context in which the scale was not tested before. The paper demonstrates the usefulness of the MKTOR scale in predicting export performance. This paper expands the existing research related to the applicability of the MKTOR scale and it formulates practical suggestions of the way market orientation can be operationalized in export performance research.

scholarly journals Testing the Construct Validity and Reliability of Curiosity Scale Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Heronemus Sujati ◽  
Sajidan ◽  
Muhammad Akhyar ◽  
Gunarhadi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Elementary Student ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Curiosity is one of the important characters that should be acquired by every elementary student in Indonesia. Currently, a standardized instrument to measure the student’s curiosity has not yet available. This study aims to test the construct validity and reliability of the developed curiosity scale. The research involved 300 random samples from 565 students of the fifth grade of elementary school in Ngaglik district of Sleman region, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data was analyzed with the second order confirmatory factor analysis using LISREL 8.80 software. The results show that the developed curiosity scale had fulfilled the criteria of goodness of fit, convergent validity, discriminant validity, construct reliability and omega composite reliability. Therefore, the developed scale was feasible to use.

scholarly journals Development of a Korean version of the Bereavement Care Confidence Scale (K-BCCS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209
Author(s):  
So-Hi Kwon ◽  
Young-Joo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Clinical Nurses ◽  
Perinatal Bereavement ◽  
Average Variance ◽  
Bereavement Care ◽  
Confidence Scale

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean Bereavement Care Confidence Scale (K-BCCS).Methods: The Perinatal Bereavement Care Confidence Scale (PBCCS) was translated into Korean according to an algorithm of cultural adaptation process and excluded six items which were specific to perinatal bereavement. A total of 229 clinical nurses participated in the study. Construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and group comparison validity were evaluated, and Cronbach’s α was calculated to estimate the reliability of the K-BCCS. Results: The K-BCCS consisted of 31 items in 7 factors, including knowledge and skills for bereavement care (12 items), organizational support (6 items), awareness of the needs (3 items), interpersonal skills (3 items), workload influence (2 items), continuous education (2 items), and understanding the grief process (3 items). The factor loading of 31 items within the 7 factors ranged from .60 to .86. For the convergent validity, the construct reliability (CR) ranged from .74 to .94, and the average variance extracted (AVE) ranged from .49 to .73, which is considered acceptable. The discriminant validity showed that the AVEs of the subscales were greater than the square of the correlation coefficient r. The nurses who had experience providing bereavement care (t=4.94, p<.001) or had received bereavement education (t=6.64, p<.001) showed higher K-BCCS values those without experience. The Cronbach’s α of 31 items was .93 and ranged from .60 to .94 per subscale. Conclusion: The K-BCCS is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating nurses' confidence in bereavement care.

scholarly journals A CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF TEACHER’S COMPETENCE IN ACTION RESEARCH (TCAR) QUESTIONNAIRE

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Sylvester Cortes ◽  
Hedeliza Pineda ◽  
Immar Jun Geverola
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The instrument that assesses teachers’ competence on AR methodology is limited. Thus, it is one of the issues concerning evaluating the effectiveness of a professional development program on designing AR projects. It is difficult to determine how much and what teachers have learned in a course or training. Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate further the validity and reliability of the Teacher’s Competence in Action Research Questionnaire, a seven-factor instrument previously proposed by Cortes, Pineda, and Geverola (2020). This self-report scale was not subjected to confirmatory factor analysis, had less sample size, and had homogenous participants. In the present study, 450 participants, both pre- and in-service teachers and from different teaching specializations, answered the survey. The data were analyzed using the confirmatory factor analysis method through the Maximum Likelihood approach. Four model fit indices recorded satisfactory results (CFI = 0.890; TLI = 0.884; RMSEA = 0.072; SRMR = 0.039), thus, supporting the seven-factor scale. The standardized factor loading, composite reliability, average variance extracted, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient/s of the entire scale and within subscales also provide evidence of the convergent validity and reliability of the scale. There may be an issue in the discriminant validity of the scale, but the conceptual distinctions of each factor as supported by theoretical foundation and arguments provide a principal reason for retaining all the items and factors.

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