scholarly journals Reality in a sphere: A direct comparison of social attention in the laboratory and the real world

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas D. Großekathöfer ◽  
Christian Seis ◽  
Matthias Gamer
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Real ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Real Environment ◽  
The City

AbstractHumans often show reduced social attention in real situations, a finding rarely replicated in controlled laboratory studies. Virtual reality is supposed to allow for ecologically valid and at the same time highly controlled experiments. This study aimed to provide initial insights into the reliability and validity of using spherical videos viewed via a head-mounted display (HMD) to assess social attention. We chose five public places in the city of Würzburg and measured eye movements of 44 participants for 30 s at each location twice: Once in a real environment with mobile eye-tracking glasses and once in a virtual environment playing a spherical video of the location in an HMD with an integrated eye tracker. As hypothesized, participants demonstrated reduced social attention with less exploration of passengers in the real environment as compared to the virtual one. This is in line with earlier studies showing social avoidance in interactive situations. Furthermore, we only observed consistent gaze proportions on passengers across locations in virtual environments. These findings highlight that the potential for social interactions and an adherence to social norms are essential modulators of viewing behavior in social situations and cannot be easily simulated in laboratory contexts. However, spherical videos might be helpful for supplementing the range of methods in social cognition research and other fields. Data and analysis scripts are available at https://osf.io/hktdu/.

scholarly journals Reality in a sphere: A direct comparison of social attention in the laboratory and the real world

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas David Großekathöfer ◽  
Christian Seis ◽  
Matthias Gamer
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Real ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Real Environment ◽  
The City

Humans often show reduced social attention in real situations, a finding rarely replicated in controlled laboratory studies. Virtual reality is supposed to allow for ecologically valid and at the same time highly controlled experiments. This study aimed to provide initial insights into the reliability and validity of using spherical videos viewed via a head-mounted display (HMD) to assess social attention. We chose five public places in the city of Würzburg and measured eye movements of 44 participants for 30 seconds at each location twice: Once in a real environment with mobile eye tracking glasses and once in a virtual environment playing a spherical video of the location in an HMD with an integrated eye tracker. As hypothesized,participants demonstrated reduced social attention with less fixations on passengers in the real environment as compared to the virtual one. This is in line with earlier studies showing social avoidance in interactive situations. Furthermore, we observed more consistent fixation patterns in virtual environments. These findings highlight that the potential for social interactions and an adherence to social norms are essential modulators of viewing behavior in social situations and cannot be easily simulated in laboratory contexts. However, spherical videos might be helpful for supplementing the range of methods in social cognition research and other fields. Data and analysis scripts are available at https://osf.io/hktdu/.

scholarly journals Head-Mounted Display Use in Surgery: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafa Rahman ◽  
Matthew E. Wood ◽  
Long Qian ◽  
Carrie L. Price ◽  
Alex A. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Image Guidance ◽  
English Language ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Google Glass ◽  
Surgical Specialty ◽  
The Real ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Real Environment

Purpose. We analyzed the literature to determine (1) the surgically relevant applications for which head-mounted display (HMD) use is reported; (2) the types of HMD most commonly reported; and (3) the surgical specialties in which HMD use is reported. Methods. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched through August 27, 2017, for publications describing HMD use during surgically relevant applications. We identified 120 relevant English-language, non-opinion publications for inclusion. HMD types were categorized as “heads-up” (nontransparent HMD display and direct visualization of the real environment), “see-through” (visualization of the HMD display overlaid on the real environment), or “non–see-through” (visualization of only the nontransparent HMD display). Results. HMDs were used for image guidance and augmented reality (70 publications), data display (63 publications), communication (34 publications), and education/training (18 publications). See-through HMDs were described in 55 publications, heads-up HMDs in 41 publications, and non–see-through HMDs in 27 publications. Google Glass, a see-through HMD, was the most frequently used model, reported in 32 publications. The specialties with the highest frequency of published HMD use were urology (20 publications), neurosurgery (17 publications), and unspecified surgical specialty (20 publications). Conclusion. Image guidance and augmented reality were the most commonly reported applications for which HMDs were used. See-through HMDs were the most commonly reported type used in surgically relevant applications. Urology and neurosurgery were the specialties with greatest published HMD use.

scholarly journals Distance Perception in the Oculus Quest and Oculus Quest 2

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kelly ◽  
Taylor Doty ◽  
Morgan Ambourn ◽  
Lucia Cherep
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Real World ◽  
Distance Perception ◽  
Egocentric Distance ◽  
The Real ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Real Environment

Distances in virtual environments (VEs) viewed on a head-mounted display (HMD) are typically underperceived relative to the intended distance. This paper presents an experiment comparing perceived egocentric distance in a real environment with that in a matched VE presented in the Oculus Quest and Oculus Quest 2. Participants made verbal judgments and blind walking judgments to an object on the ground. Both the Quest and Quest 2 produced underperception compared to the real environment. Verbal judgments in the VE were 86\% and 79\% of real world judgments in the Quest and Quest 2, respectively. Blind walking judgments were 78% and 79% of real world judgments in the Quest and Quest 2, respectively. This project shows that significant underperception of distance persists even in modern HMDs.

Street Poetry in Augmented Reality

2016 ◽  
pp. 150-170
Author(s):  
Giuliana Guazzaroni
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Urban Geography ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Access Points ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Environment ◽  
The City

Mobile device and augmented reality facilities may represent access points to navigate the city, to observe different layers of reality, to redraw the urban geography, and to explore the real environment. It is an emotional journey to observe familiar places from different perspectives and angles: a continuous sliding between two worlds (real and virtual), an invitation to participation, reflection, and rediscovery of public spaces. “Street Poetry in Augmented Reality” exhibitions are urban paths to engage citizens, students, and visitors with local heritage, memories, and art. In this chapter, the format “Emotional Mapping of Museum Augmented Places” is discussed using the evaluation of the experiences that were implemented in two different Italian towns: L'Aquila and Macerata.

Street Poetry in Augmented Reality

2014 ◽  
pp. 178-197
Author(s):  
Giuliana Guazzaroni
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Urban Geography ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Access Points ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Environment ◽  
The City

Mobile device and augmented reality facilities may represent access points to navigate the city, to observe different layers of reality, to redraw the urban geography, and to explore the real environment. It is an emotional journey to observe familiar places from different perspectives and angles: a continuous sliding between two worlds (real and virtual), an invitation to participation, reflection, and rediscovery of public spaces. “Street Poetry in Augmented Reality” exhibitions are urban paths to engage citizens, students, and visitors with local heritage, memories, and art. In this chapter, the format “Emotional Mapping of Museum Augmented Places” is discussed using the evaluation of the experiences that were implemented in two different Italian towns: L’Aquila and Macerata.

scholarly journals Compliance with the mask regime and social distancing during a pandemic in the city: a factor of reducing external control and features of practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Ignat V. Bogdan ◽  
Darya D. Chistyakova ◽  
Constantine I. Constantine I. Gabov
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
External Control ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Behavior ◽  
The City

Purpose of the study. Identification of the main characteristics of compliance with pandemic restrictions in public places during the easing of restrictions, e.g. the correlation of declarations of commitment to measures and the real behavior of the population. Material and methods. A sociological study was carried out using the method of standardized observation in the city of Moscow on July 15–25, 2020. Observation points in the metro, ground transport, shops of various price categories and shopping centers were selected. More than 16748 observations were made within the quantitative and qualitative stages. Results and discussion. A significant discrepancy (up to 4 times) between the declared adherence to masks (2 Moscow surveys was studied) and the real one was revealed, the possible reasons for this were considered (social desirability, questionnaire features, sampling shift). The approach to the survey data as indicators of adherence rather than behavior merics is proposed. The diversity and polarization of the practices of wearing masks and maintaining social distance — «positive» and «negative», formal and informal are under analysis. Possible factors of this diversity, features of practice in different places are considered. Observation groups are analyzed, both adherent to wearing masks (women, elder persons, migrants) and non-adherent (young adults, middle age men). The practice of situational social «mimicry» is described, when, under the guise of taking care of health, people wanted to get more comfortable travel conditions in transport.

Empresas familiares en zonas marginales. Estrategias de subsistencia y financiación pública en la localidad de ciudad bolívar de Bogotá

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Jenny Paola Cervera Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Family Business ◽  
City Government ◽  
The Real ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Institutional Action ◽  
The City

Esta investigación muestra las características y estrategias socioeconómicas identificadas en un grupo de famiempresas de confección en Ciudad Bolívar, localidad de Bogotá, con las cuales logran la permanencia de sus negocios y así la reproducción de la vida y la subsistencia de sus familias. Este primer elemento se contrasta con las políticas de consecución de ingresos desarrolladas por los gobiernos distritales en el período 2000-2013, con el fin de encontrar los elementos comunes y el real aporte con el que las políticas sociales y económicas del Distrito benefician la economía popular de la ciudad, teniendo como referencia el grupo de famiempresas con el que se trabajó. Después de obtener un paralelo entre las políticas socioeconómicas del Distrito y las necesidades reales de las famiempresas, se desarrolla un ejercicio práctico aplicando la metodología de Vester como base para la formulación de recomendaciones dirigidas hacia los gobiernos distritales, en las que se manifiestan las prioridades que esta población objetivo espera de la acción institucional para mejorar el desempeño de sus famiempresas y, por ende, el de su consecución de ingresos para mejor su calidad de vida y la de sus familias.ABSTRACTThis research examines the socio-economic characteristics and strategies pertaining to a group of family business in the apparel sector in Ciudad Bolivar (Bogota), which ensures some stability in the business itself and in their families´ livelihood. This first element is contrasted with the policies of resource allocation pursued by Bogota local administrations in the period 2000-2013, in order to identify the real governmental contributions to thelocal economy. Next, a practical exercise is conducted by applying the methodology of Vester as a basis for the formulation of recommendations addressed to the city government; those recommendations depict the priorities that the targeted population expects from the institutional action to improve the performance of their business and to enhance their income to better their quality of life and that of their families. Fecha de recepción: 23 agosto 2016Fecha de aprobación: 15 noviembre de 2016Fecha de publicación: 6 de enero de 2017

unrechtliche peinliche schmehung oder dem gemeinen nutz nuetzlich?Eine Fallstudie zur Normenkonkurrenz im Schmähschriftprozess des 16. Jahrhunderts

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Jan Siegemund
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractLibel played an important and extraordinary role in early modern conflict culture. The article discusses their functions and the way they were assessed in court. The case study illustrates argumentative spaces and different levels of normative references in libel trials in 16th century electoral Saxony. In 1569, Andreas Langener – in consequence of a long stagnating private conflict – posted several libels against the nobleman Tham Pflugk in different public places in the city of Dresden. Consequently, he was arrested and charged with ‘libelling’. Depending on the reference to conflicting social and legal norms, he had therefore been either threatened with corporal punishment including his execution, or rewarded with laudations. In this case, the act of libelling could be seen as slander, but also as a service to the community, which Langener had informed about potentially harmful transgression of norms. While the common good was the highest maxim, different and sometimes conflicting legally protected interests had to be discussed. The situational decision depended on whether the articulated charges where true and relevant for the public, on the invective language, and especially on the quality and size of the public sphere reached by the libel.

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