HOW TO COLLECT THE PICTURES ON THE FISH MORPHOLOGY.

Collecting fish morphology data in the field is usually difficult and time consuming. The method of digital photography with further computer processing is currently widely used in biology and facilitates the acquisition of morphological data of fish. The article gives recommendations for obtaining high-quality digital photographs of fish, which we have tested empirically on a large ichthyological material. The studies of the morphological variability of fish following these recommendations showed several positive aspects: accelerating the collection of morphological material, increase of the accuracy of the data obtained, organizing the material in the form of a data bank, the ability to repeatedly refer to a photograph of an object, and a quick exchange of material.

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Morphological and genetic variability of Baetis (Rhodobaetis) braaschi Zimmermann, 1980 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3323.1.2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3323 (1) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

PAVEL SROKA ◽

ALEXANDER V. MARTYNOV ◽

ROMAN J. GODUNKO

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Intraspecific Variability ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Mtdna Coi ◽

Geographic Regions ◽

Coi Sequences ◽

The Individual

Specimens of Baetis (Rhodobaetis) braaschi Zimmermann, 1980 from the three distant geographic regions (Crimean Pen-insula, Eastern Ukraine and Caucasus) are investigated and compared using a methodological approach combining mor-phological and molecular (partial mtDNA COI sequences) data. Intraspecific variability in several morphologicalcharacters is recognized and described, whereas COI sequences are found to be very uniform. The amount and distributionof the changes of COI sequences do not follow the pattern of morphological variability and/or geographic origin of thespecimens. This indicates that analysis of the changes in the COI sequence can contradict the pattern of morphologicalcharacters commonly used for the discrimination of the individual Rhodobaetis species. As a basis for the future taxonom-ic changes concerning subgenus Rhodobaetis, it is advised (where possible) to critically evaluate both molecular and morphological data.

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The genus Cystoseira s.l. (Ochrophyta, Fucales, Sargassaceae) in the Black Sea: morphological variability and molecular taxonomy of Gongolaria barbata and endemic Ericaria crinita f. bosphorica comb. nov.

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.480.1.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 480 (1) ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

SOFIA S. SADOGURSKA ◽

JOÃO NEIVA ◽

ANNALISA FALACE ◽

ESTER A. SERRÃO ◽

ÁLVARO ISRAEL

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Sea ◽

Black Sea ◽

Molecular Taxonomy ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Data ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Additional Tool

Brown algae of the genus Cystoseira sensu lato form the most diverse and productive marine ecosystems throughout the Mediterranean Sea and have equal roles also in the Black Sea where they have been decreasing in the recent years. The taxonomy of Cystoseira s.l. taxa from the Black Sea is still not well understood, and questions arise when related taxa have to be delimited. In addition to morphological descriptions, this study provides for the first time molecular data of the Black Sea Cystoseira s.l. distinct morphologies as an additional tool to clarify their identities and phylogenetic affinities. The analysis of two mitochondrial markers (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1—COI, and 23S-tRNAVal intergenic spacer—mt-spacer) showed that Cystoseira s.l. specimens from the Black Sea belong to two recently resurrected genera, namely Gongolaria and Ericaria. Molecular data confirm the morphological identification of G. barbata, which is characterized by high morphological plasticity in the Black Sea. The morphological data presented in this study support the transition of G. barbata to the genus Gongolaria, which was previously proposed based solely on genetic data. For the Black Sea endemic taxon C. bosphorica, sequence divergence suggests conspecificity with Mediterranean Sea species E. crinita and E. barbatula. However, considering original morphological characteristics of the taxon, its geographical isolation, and endemism, the new combination Ericaria crinita f. bosphorica comb. nov. is proposed.

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A Systematic Analysis of the Alpine Saxifrage Complex (Saxifragaceae) in the Canadian Arctic Islands Using Morphology and Chloroplast DNA Data

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v118i3.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 118 (3) ◽

pp. 326 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Caroline Healy ◽

Lynn J. Gillespie

Keyword(s):

Morphological Variability ◽

Canadian Arctic ◽

Principal Component ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Sympatric Species ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Site Analysis

The Saxifraga nivalis complex displays significant ecological, morphological and cytological variation. Most European studies suggest that the S. nivalis complex comprises two distinct species: Saxifraga nivalis sensu stricto and Saxifraga tenuis. However, the presence of intermediate morphotypes, inconsistencies in chromosomal counts and variability in morphological keys and descriptions have led to different taxonomic interpretations of the complex in North America. This study investigated the systematics of Canadian Arctic Island members of this complex from 157 specimens using 23 morphological characters. Principal component analysis of the morphological data revealed two adjacent clusters, corresponding to the two taxa and consistent with a close morphological similarity and the presence of hybrids. A preliminary restriction site analysis of five non-coding regions of the chloroplast genome, trnH-trnK, trnT-trnF, trnF-trnV, trnV-rbcL and rbcL-ORF106, was conducted using 21 restriction endonucleases. This analysis indicated a length difference between the trnT-trnF region of S. nivalis and that of S. tenuis, but no difference in restriction sites for any of the assayed regions. These results confirm that in the Canadian Arctic, the S. nivalis complex consists of two closely related, largely sympatric species, with notable morphological variability, and possible hybrids.

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Phylogeny reconstruction and the tempo of speciation in cheilostome Bryozoa

Paleobiology ◽

10.1017/s0094837300012902 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 407-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Jeremy B. C. Jackson ◽

Alan H. Cheetham

Keyword(s):

Effective Means ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Phylogeny Reconstruction ◽

High Confidence ◽

Skeletal Morphology ◽

Living Species ◽

Cladistic Analyses ◽

Tight Correlation

We compared phylogenies derived from morphological data for two cheilostome bryozoan genera, Stylopoma and Metrarabdotos, with genetic differences between species (Stylopoma) and the stratigraphic occurrence of fossils (both genera). Correspondence between species of Stylopoma defined by protein electrophoresis and on preservable skeletal morphology is excellent, despite great morphological variability within colonies and the predominance of quantitative over discrete characters. Moreover, agreement between genetic and morphological classifications increased greatly when morphological discrimination was pushed to the limit, despite inability to consistently assign all specimens to species with high confidence. This “splitting” strategy also maximized the correlation between genetic distances and the distances between species in cladistically derived phylogenies.Fossil and living species of both genera are sufficiently abundant and widespread to provide credible limits for inferred ancestral relationships. Inclusion of fossils in cladistic analyses of Stylopoma increased the consistency of cladistic hypotheses by up to 30% and provided a more effective means of rooting trees than comparison with living species of the most closely related genus (“outgroup”). Moreover, in the case of Metrarabdotos, failure to incorporate stratigraphic information turned the cladogram virtually upside down, so that postulated ancestors first appear in the fossil record 6–16 m.y. after their putative descendants became extinct.Stratigraphically rooted trees suggest that most well-sampled Metrarabdotos and Stylopoma species originated fully differentiated morphologically and persisted unchanged for > 1 to > 16 m.y., typically alongside their putative ancestors. Moreover, the tight correlation between phenetic, cladistic, and genetic distances among living Stylopoma species suggests that changes in all three variables occurred together during speciation. All of these observations support the punctuated equilibrium model of speciation.

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Genetic diversity of eight millet genera assessed by using molecular and morphological markers

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp15202 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Zdislava Dvořáková ◽

Petra Hlásná Čepková ◽

Iva Viehmannová ◽

Lenka Havlíčková ◽

Dagmar Janovská

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Aflp Markers ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Morphological Attributes ◽

Shannon’S Index ◽

High Level ◽

Close Relatedness ◽

Nei's Genetic Distance

In this study, the genetic diversity and relationships among eight millet genera were investigated by molecular and morphological data analyses. Sixty-nine millet accessions were analysed by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, and evaluated for morphological traits. Eight AFLP primer pairs were amplified successfully and 779 bands were scored for all accessions, with a high level of polymorphism detected. Nei’s genetic distance among all accessions varied from 0.0123 to 0.4246 and the Shannon’s index was estimated at 0.9708. The neighbour joining tree, using the unweighted neighbour-joining method and Dice’s dissimilarity coefficient, was constructed. The AFLP markers revealed the close relatedness between the Eragrostis and Panicum genera, whereas the greatest distance was found the Pennisetum and Echinochloa genera. Cluster analysis based on the AFLP profiles revealed that the majority of accessions of a given millet genus tend to group together. Clustering from morphological data allocated individuals into three main clusters with high variation. The genetic variability found between the analysed accessions was weakly negatively correlated (r = –0.074) with their morphological attributes. However, high molecular and morphological variability indicated that this collection includes rich and valuable plant materials for millet breeding.

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Re-Envisioning Iran Online

Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication ◽

10.1163/18739865-00802012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (2-3) ◽

pp. 398-418

Author(s):

Shireen Walton

Keyword(s):

Cultural Production ◽

Digital Photography ◽

The Internet ◽

Social Web ◽

Cultural Representations ◽

Digital Photographs ◽

The Social ◽

Everyday Aesthetics ◽

Social Uses

Digital photography and the Internet play important roles in contemporary cultures. They can create semiotic spaces in which ‘local’ imaginaries are projected in ‘global’ frames and cultural representations can be collectively challenged. This article discusses the genre of popular photography and its convergence with the Iranian social web in the form of photoblogs (photography-oriented blogs). It describes how everyday images posted on photoblogs playfully move beyond representative tropes that constitute a visual legacy in contemporary Iran. The findings provide insights into contemporary Iranian online visual-cultural production and develop wider theoretical understandings of the social uses of digital photography, including notions of ‘everyday aesthetics’. The ways in which Iranian photobloggers select, curate, exhibit and manipulate personal digital photographs on their photoblogs are shown to be exemplary of a contemporary ethnographic ‘digital-visual moment’ of popular cultural storytelling, existing at the interface of local and global, as well as actual and virtual publics.

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Low cost digital endoscopic photography

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215108003812 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 123 (4) ◽

pp. 453-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G D Barr

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Digital Camera ◽

Digital Photography ◽

High Quality ◽

Nasal Endoscope ◽

Photographic Technique ◽

Plastic Bottle ◽

Rigid Endoscope ◽

Endoscopic Photography

AbstractIntroduction:Endoscopic digital photography usually involves expensive and often cumbersome equipment.Aim:This study aimed to construct a low cost adaptor with which to connect a budget-priced digital camera to a nasal endoscope, in order to enable inexpensive, good quality otology photography.Method:A method of making an adaptor from a simple plastic bottle top is described, and the photographic technique is outlined.Results:The adaptor fitted well with commonly used endoscopes, and excellent results were obtained.Conclusion:High quality digital endoscopic photographs can be obtained using a low cost compact digital camera fitted with a simple adaptor made from a plastic bottle top. Such a method would make digital photography via a rigid endoscope easily affordable worldwide.

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Mittelalterliche Stadtbücher aus Preußen

Hansische Geschichtsblätter ◽

10.21248/hgbll.2019.192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 137 ◽

pp. 43-63

Author(s):

Jürgen Sarnowsky

Keyword(s):

Data Bank ◽

Good Sense ◽

Historical Source ◽

Digital Photographs ◽

The University ◽

Case Basis ◽

Entire Text ◽

Central Data

Medieval urban registers constitute a historical source of great importance, particularly since they have survived comparatively often. This article provides a schedule of the surviving Prussia urban registers, structured according to the categories employed by the Index Librorum Civitatum, a continuing project of the University of Halle. Listing both the urban registers already published and those yet unpublished is intended to illustrate the problems involved in producing a modern edition and to suggest possible solutions. In view of how multifarious the Prussian registers can be, it makes good sense to schedule them separately, while structuring the list to concord with the categories employed by the researchers in Halle. Indeed, it would be sensible to flank the calender with scans or digital photographs. However, decisions on the editorial standards to be employed – indeed, the fundamental decision to publish the entire text or merely calender the entries – must be made on a case-by-case basis. Particularly in those cases in which urban registers comprehend a wide variety of entries, individual solutions will have to be found in order to allow scholars to access the various categories of material readily and directly. Publication in the form of pdf files or simple digital editions makes good sense, even if collecting all materials in one central data bank would be ideal. Editions of the resolutions of quasi-legislative bodies should be structured according to the

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