scholarly journals Virio- and bacterioplankton of the Barents Sea in the autumn

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-2021) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
A.N. Gurba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Bird Fauna ◽  
Wintering Area ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
Clangula Hyemalis ◽  
Glaucous Gull

The water area of the Kola Bay is an important place for marine and near-water birds during spring-autumn migrations and wintering periods. The results of counts of wintering birds in different parts of the bay in 2020–2021 are presented. The observations were carried out on the coast areas of the bay with the adjacent water area (Gryaznaya Bay, the area of the Kola Bridge). In general, in the southern and middle parts of the Kola Bay, the most numerous species in winter were common eider Somateria mollissima,long-tailed duck Clangula hyemalis, mallard Anas platyrhynchos, and glaucous gull Larus hyperboreus. During the observations, a relatively low nymber of wintering purple sandpipers Calidris maritima was noted in comparison to previous years. The composition of the bird fauna in the Kola Bay is fairly constant during the winter. Abrupt weather changes, such as warming, cooling, or snowstorms, c ause only small movements of birds within the wintering area.

scholarly journals Autumn bacterioplankton of the open waters and coastal part of the Barents Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-2021) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
A.V. Vashchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Autumn Season ◽  
Open Water Area ◽  
The Barents Sea

The paper presents the results of microbiological studies carried out in the Motovsky Bay (2017) and the northeastern part of the Barents Sea (2020) in October. It was shown that, with comparable values of abundance, the biomass of bacterioplankton in open waters was slightly higher than in coastal waters. The quantity was 148–717 thousand cells/ml in Motovsky Bay and 170–957 thousand cells/ml in the open water area. The biomass was 7.26–29.07 mg/m3 in Motovsky Bay and 9.71–51.39 mg/m3 in the open water area. The maximum values were in the 0–50 m layer,the minimum – in the bottom layer in both areas. Those results supplement the existing understanding of bacterioplanktons development and distribution in the Barents Sea in the autumn season.

Aromatic hydrocarbons in components of geological environment of the Norwegian and Russian parts of coastal zone of the Barents Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kursheva ◽  
Inna Morgunova ◽  
Vera Petrova ◽  
Galina Batova ◽  
Ivan Litvinenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Geological Environment ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Shallow Water Area

<p>Information about hydrocarbons (HCs) distribution in components of geological environment (including aromatic (Ar) compounds) allows to estimate relative amounts of both natural and anthropogenic components and reveal sources of contamination. HCs are widely spread in lithosphere and create stable geochemical background. Variations in their composition attest to the specificity of initial organic matter, conditions of its accumulation and transformation.<br>The studied samples of soils and surface bottom sediments were collected during the research expedition in July, 2019 (supported by RFBR №18-54-20001 and NFR №280724). On the Norwegian coast of the Barents Sea the area of study included: salt marshes of Tana and Varanger fjords, littoral zone of rocky shores around Kiberg. In the Russian part of the Barents Sea samples were taken from the shallow water area of the Eastern coast of the Kola Bay. All samples were taken along the sublittoral – littoral – supralittoral transects appropriate for a detailed study of the organic matter (OM) spatial distribution. Study of the group composition of ArHCs in the extractable part of soil and sedimentary OM were performed using spectrofluorimetry.<br> The method is based on the ability of ArHCs to fluoresce under the influence of ultraviolet emitting in narrow spectral ranges determined by their molecular structure. This allows us to characterize the nature of ArHCs and determine possible sources of their input.<br>The spectrum characteristics of samples from intertidal zone of the Tana fjord salt marshes reflect the input of fresh unoxidized petroleum products such as diesel fuels and engine oils. The significant increase of ArHCs fluorescence intensity in surface sediments may testify to recent pollution accidents.<br>The spectrum traditionally associated with the estuarine-delta and lacustrine and swampy facies and characteristic for the post-sedimentation and early diagenetic stage of OM transformation was detected in samples from the salt marshes of Varanger fjord. <br>ArHCs of mixed origin (natural and anthropogenic) are identified in samples from the littoral zone of rocky shores of Kiberg. The spectral data of littoral sediments are typical for the polluted areas with high input of petroleum products. The specific maxima in the long wavelength region of spectrum that is characteristic for the high molecular weight aromatic compounds from the land plants is also detected in these samples. <br>Spectral characteristics of ArHCs of bottom sediments and soils collected from the shallow water area of the Russian part of the Barents Sea point to the presence of both low molecular weight benzene HCs (high volatile components of flammable liquids) and high molecular weight compounds (oil fuel, gas oil). The detailed study of these anthropogenic HC components seems to be very important given the fact of their detection in all littoral samples.<br>The further detailed study of the molecular markers and biomarkers (n-alkanes, isoprenoids, cyclanes, terpanes, PAHs) will increase our knowledge about HC sources, efficiency of their microbial and chemical degradation, allow to estimate human impacts on the environment of the region and draw up the regional “geochemical passport”.</p>

scholarly journals Overexploitation, Recovery, and Warming of the Barents Sea Ecosystem During 1950–2013

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torstein Pedersen ◽  
Nina Mikkelsen ◽  
Ulf Lindstrøm ◽  
Paul E. Renaud ◽  
Marcela C. Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Open Water Area ◽  
The Barents Sea

The Barents Sea (BS) is a high-latitude shelf ecosystem with important fisheries, high and historically variable harvesting pressure, and ongoing high variability in climatic conditions. To quantify carbon flow pathways and assess if changes in harvesting intensity and climate variability have affected the BS ecosystem, we modeled the ecosystem for the period 1950–2013 using a highly trophically resolved mass-balanced food web model (Ecopath with Ecosim). Ecosim models were fitted to time series of biomasses and catches, and were forced by environmental variables and fisheries mortality. The effects on ecosystem dynamics by the drivers fishing mortality, primary production proxies related to open-water area and capelin-larvae mortality proxy, were evaluated. During the period 1970–1990, the ecosystem was in a phase of overexploitation with low top-predators’ biomasses and some trophic cascade effects and increases in prey stocks. Despite heavy exploitation of some groups, the basic ecosystem structure seems to have been preserved. After 1990, when the harvesting pressure was relaxed, most exploited boreal groups recovered with increased biomass, well-captured by the fitted Ecosim model. These biomass increases were likely driven by an increase in primary production resulting from warming and a decrease in ice-coverage. During the warm period that started about 1995, some unexploited Arctic groups decreased whereas krill and jellyfish groups increased. Only the latter trend was successfully predicted by the Ecosim model. The krill flow pathway was identified as especially important as it supplied both medium and high trophic level compartments, and this pathway became even more important after ca. 2000. The modeling results revealed complex interplay between fishery and variability of lower trophic level groups that differs between the boreal and arctic functional groups and has importance for ecosystem management.

Element composition of suspended particulate matter in the Barents sea

2021 ◽  
pp. 270-277
Author(s):  
D.P. Starodymova ◽  
◽  
A.I. Kochenkova ◽  
M.D. Kravchishina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Icp Ms

The elemental composition of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Barents Sea was studied based on the materials of the 68th cruise of the RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh, August 2017, using ICP-MS and AAS methods. SPM of the sea surface layer is characterized by significant heterogeneity in the elemental composition, which is due to differences in the course of biogeochemical processes over the water area (for example, high differences in the level of primary production) and different compositions of terrigenous matter from the sources. Biophilic elements significantly enrich the SPM of the surface water layer and fluffy layer relative to the average composition of the earth's crust (the degree of enrichment of the surface SPM is higher than the fluffy layer).

scholarly journals Cetaceans of the Barents Sea: Fauna and population status at the beginning of the XXI century

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
T. V. Mishin
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
The Status

The Polar branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO) carries out annually comprehensive surveys in the Barents Sea. This allows obtaining relevant data on distribution and occurrence of marine mammals, in particular cetaceans – the key link in the World Ocean ecosystem. In recent years, marine mammals monitoring has become increasingly important due to climate change and temperature rise in seas and oceans, that can result in habitat displacement and even possible extinction of certain species. This article summarizes the results of the vessel surveys of cetaceans carried out by the Polar branch of VNIRO in the Barents Sea in 2010–2019, as well as provides retrospective data on baleen whales (Mysticeti) and toothed whales (Odontoceti). Based on vessel survey material and taking into account data from literature sources, the current composition of the Barents Sea cetacean fauna is presented; at the beginning of the XXI century, it may include up to 16 species of 7 families. The analysis of vessel survey data made it possible to determine the status of marine mammals of this water area and to identify the frequency of their occurrence. The article presents population abundance for most species of baleen and toothed whales and shows the most likely spots of cetacean occurrence. According to the data obtained, white-beaked dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris is the most abundant, frequently sighted, and a year-round species: it accounts for more than 80 % of the total number of surveyed animals and about 50 % of all sighted cetaceans. Beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas and harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena are also classified as permanent residents of the water area, and their localization is mainly confined to the Kola Peninsula coastal zone. May to October, the Barents Sea is regularly visited by species arriving from other Atlantic Ocean areas for feeding: minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata, fin whale Balaenoptera physalus, and humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae. Narwhal Monodon monoceros and northern bottlenose whale Hyperoodon ampullatus are rarely sighted in the Russian Arctic western area.

Technical regulations of TR CU 021/2011 «On safety of food products» and TR EAEU 040/2016 «On safety of fish and fish products»: parasytological indicators of safety of the Barents sea fish

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
A. Karasev
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Sea Fish

The paper gives information on the commercial Barents Sea fish parasites presented in the list of parasitological indicators of the safety of fish and their processed products, provided for by the Technical Regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU TR 040/2016) “On the safety of fish and fish products”. Localization (liver, mesentery, muscles), the life cycle, the hosts within the water area of the parasitological monitoring of a large commercial sea water body ichthyofauna are shown.

scholarly journals SOME RESULTS OF ARCTIC PLANKTON COMMUNITIES STUDY (THE BARENTS SEA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-84
Author(s):  
E.I. Druzhkova ◽  
◽  
I.V. Berchenko ◽  
A.V. Vaschenko ◽  
M.P. Venger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
Polar Night ◽  
Edge Zone ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Ice Edge ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
Plankton Communities

This paper presents some research results of the plankton laboratory MMBI RAS over the past 5 years. One of the main directions was the study of the structure of zooplankton communities and an assessment of their productivity off the coast of the Kola Peninsula and in the coastal waters of the Svalbard archipelago.Analysis of the vast perennial material revealed the main features of the spatial distribution of phytoplankton in the water area of the Pechora Sea. In the ice edge zone for nano-, micro-and zooplankton, the presence of ice edge effect in different seasons of the year is shown. It has been shown that in the Barents Sea, the Polar Front is not the boundary between various pelagic phytocenoses. During the polar night, virio-, bacterio-, phyto-and zooplankton were studied. When studyingthe deep-sea Barents Sea shelf, an autochthonous community of microalgae was found, the lower distribution limit of which is 300 m isobath.

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