scholarly journals Interaction of Small Biothiols with Silver and Gold Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pem ◽  
Igor M Pongrac ◽  
Lea Ulm ◽  
Ivan Pavičić ◽  
Valerije Vrček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Apoptosis Induction ◽  
Murine Fibroblast ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Fate And Behavior

Improvement in nanosafety is one of the major tasks for innovation force of nanotechology, which may be accomplished by design and development of biocompatible nanomaterials. Biocompatibility assessment demands investigation of nano-bio interactions that affect behavior and fate of nanoparticles in biological systems. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly prone to interact with endogenous biothiols like cysteine and glutathione. This study was designed to evaluate intimate interactions between cysteine and glutathione with biomedically relevant metallic NPs, i.e. silver (AgNPs) and gold (AuNPs). Systematic and comprehensive analysis revealed that preparation of AgNPs and AuNPs in the presence of biothiols lead to stable NPs stabilized with oxidized forms of biothiols. Their biocompatibility was tested by evaluation of cell viability, ROS production, apoptosis induction and DNA damage in murine fibroblast cells (L929), while ecotoxicity was tested using aquatic model organism Daphnia magna. The toxicity of these NPs was considerably lower compared to the ionic metal forms. Comparison with data published on polymer-coated NPs evidenced that surface modification with biothiols made them safer for the environment, but more toxic for use in humans. These results represent significant contribution to the collection of knowledge on the role of biothiols on the fate and behavior of metal-based nanomaterials.

scholarly journals Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1802-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pem ◽  
Igor M Pongrac ◽  
Lea Ulm ◽  
Ivan Pavičić ◽  
Valerije Vrček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Coated Nanoparticles ◽  
Murine Fibroblast ◽  
Nanoparticle Stabilization ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
And Behavior

This study was designed to evaluate the nano–bio interactions between endogenous biothiols (cysteine and glutathione) with biomedically relevant, metallic nanoparticles (silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)), in order to assess the biocompatibility and fate of nanoparticles in biological systems. A systematic and comprehensive analysis revealed that the preparation of AgNPs and AuNPs in the presence of biothiols leads to nanoparticles stabilized with oxidized forms of biothiols. Their safety was tested by evaluation of cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis induction and DNA damage in murine fibroblast cells (L929), while ecotoxicity was tested using the aquatic model organism Daphnia magna. The toxicity of these nanoparticles was considerably lower compared to their ionic metal forms (i.e., Ag+ and Au3+). The comparison with data published on polymer-coated nanoparticles evidenced that surface modification with biothiols made them safer for the biological environment. In vitro evaluation on human cells demonstrated that the toxicity of AgNPs and AuNPs prepared in the presence of cysteine was similar to the polymer-based nanoparticles with the same core material, while the use of glutathione for nanoparticle stabilization was considerably less toxic. These results represent a significant contribution to understanding the role of biothiols on the fate and behavior of metal-based nanomaterials.

Estrogen and estrogen mimics contamination in water and the role of sewage treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Matsui ◽  
H. Takigami ◽  
T. Matsuda ◽  
N. Taniguchi ◽  
J. Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Yeast Estrogen Screen ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Fate And Behavior

The yeast estrogen screen was applied to sewage treatment process waters to identify the presence of estrogenic activity and to investigate the fate and behavior of estrogenic substances through treatment. Hydrophobic fractions in the water phase were extracted and concentrated using C18 cartridges for the effective extraction of 17β-estradiol (E2) and other estrogen mimics. Clear dose-dependent elevation in the synthesis of β-galactosidase in the yeast screen was observed with all the samples tested, demonstrating that these samples were estrogenic. However, estrogenic activity tended to reduce during the treatment, especiallyiin the biological process. Quantification results of the yeast estrogen screen in terms of E2 equivalent were compared with actual E2 concentrations measured by an ELISA. E2 occupied 34% of the whole estrogenicity in the raw sewage, while almost 100% in the final effluent. The analyses of the sewage treatment process waters revealed that human estrogens are major causative substances in terms of estrogenic activity in sewage and its treated effluent. Although findings of possible correlation of environmental estrogens with the real impact on human health and the ecosystem are still the focus of scientific debate and investigation, proper management should be established in the sewage treatment process which receives various environmental contaminants.

scholarly journals Selenoprotein T deficiency alters cell adhesion and elevates selenoprotein W expression in murine fibroblast cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniruddha Sengupta ◽  
Bradley A. Carlson ◽  
Vyacheslav M. Labunskyy ◽  
Vadim N. Gladyshev ◽  
Dolph L. Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Selenoprotein W ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Selenoprotein T ◽  
Murine Fibroblast

Mammalian selenoproteins have diverse functions, cellular locations, and evolutionary histories, but all use the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec), often present in the enzyme’s active site. Only about half of mammalian selenoproteins have been functionally characterized, with most being oxidoreductases. The cellular role of selenoprotein T (SelT), manifesting a CxxU motif in a thioredoxin-like fold and localized to Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum, is not known. To examine its biological function, we knocked down SelT expression in mouse fibroblast cells and found that SelT deficiency alters cell adhesion and enhances the expression of several oxidoreductase genes, while decreasing the expression of genes involved in cell structure organization, suggesting the involvement of SelT in redox regulation and cell anchorage. Furthermore, we found that the loss of SelT elevates expression of another selenoprotein, selenoprotein W (SepW1). SelT and SepW1 belong to the same protein family, suggesting that SepW1 may functionally compensate for SelT.

Individual Differences in the Name Similarity Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Howard ◽  
Roger A. Kerin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Similarity Effect ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Usage Context

The name similarity effect is the tendency to like people, places, and things with names similar to our own. Although many researchers have examined name similarity effects on preferences and behavior, no research to date has examined whether individual differences exist in susceptibility to those effects. This research reports the results of two experiments that examine the role of self-monitoring in moderating name similarity effects. In the first experiment, name similarity effects on brand attitude and purchase intentions were found to be stronger for respondents high, rather than low, in self-monitoring. In the second experiment, the interactive effect observed in the first study was found to be especially true in a public (vs. private) usage context. These findings are consistent with theoretical expectations of name similarity effects as an expression of egotism manifested in the image and impression management concerns of high self-monitors.

Economic Development of Bangladesh: The Role of IBBL

IIUC Studies ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
Nicholas McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Housing Sector

This paper presents the role of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL) to the recent economic development in Bangladesh. The study analyses published texts, articles, websites and annual report of this bank through a content analysis. Key findings of this study manifest the contribution of this bank in different areas of economic development in Bangladesh like generating employment, earning foreign remittance, strengthening rural economy, promoting ecology and green banking, boosting industrialization, developing the SMEs, assisting in foreign trade (import-export), developing the housing sector etc. This study also identifies IBBL’s significant contribution to the national exchequer. This paper contributes to the field of economic development of Bangladesh and the role of IBBL behind it and fills the gap of literature in this specific area.IIUC Studies Vol.9 December 2012: 323-334

Participation of ABCA1 transporter in development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-370
Author(s):  
Stanislav N. Kotlyarov ◽  
Anna A. Kotlyarova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Reverse Transport ◽  
Current Paradigm

Despite all achievements of the modern medicine, the problem of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) does not lose its relevance. The current paradigm suggests a key role of macrophages in inflammation in COPD. Macrophages are known to be heterogeneous in their functions. This heterogeneity is determined by their immunometabolic profile and also by peculiarities of lipid homeostasis of cells. Aim. To analyze the role of the ABCA1 transporter, a member of the ABC A subfamily, in the pathogenesis of COPD. The expression of ABCA1 in lung tissues is on the second place after the liver, which shows the important role of the carrier and of lipid homeostasis in the function of lungs. Analysis of the literature shows that participation of the transporter in inflammation consists in regulation of the content of cholesterol in the lipid rafts of the membranes, in phagocytosis and apoptosis. Conclusion. Through regulation of the process of reverse transport of cholesterol in macrophages of lungs, ABCA1 can change their inflammatory response, which makes a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of COPD.

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