scholarly journals Sub-Saharan Africa Is Lighting Up: Uneven Progress on Electrification

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofei D. Mante
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Electricity Access

This research paper provides a regional review of the state of electricity access in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focusing on installed capacity, electricity generation, the growth of renewable energy, electricity consumption, government investment, public financial flows, and several major initiatives. The study contrasts electrification between 1990 and 2010 with recent efforts and identifies countries that are consistently making progress and those that lag. The analyses show signs of progress on scaling up SSA power infrastructure and increasing electricity access, particularly in the Eastern and Western sub-regions. The installed generation capacity expanded at an average rate of 2.43 GW/year between 2005 and 2015. Renewable energy is growing, particularly solar, wind, and geothermal; about 9.7 GW of renewable energy capacity was installed between 2010 and 2016. Over this period, the net electricity generation in SSA increased at 9.1 TWh/year, more than double the historical average growth of 4.02 TWh/year (1990–2010). In general, the study found that rates of electrification across the entire region are more than twice the historical rates, and an average of at least 26 million people are now gaining access to electricity yearly. Nevertheless, progress is uneven across SSA. As of 2016, almost half of the population without electricity access live in Nigeria, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Quantitative analysis suggests that about 70 million people in SSA would have to gain access every year from 2017 to achieve universal access by 2030. Overall, SSA countries with national programs on energy access supported by policy/regulatory framework and infrastructure investment are making progress.

scholarly journals The Future of Renewable Energy for Electricity Generation in sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
Paul A. Adedeji ◽  
Stephen Akinlabi ◽  
Nkosinathi Madushele ◽  
Obafemi Olatunji
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The Future ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Conclusions and Policy Recommendations

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Bruno Michoud ◽  
Manfred Hafner
Keyword(s):  
Clean Energy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractThis chapter aims at synthesising the conclusions of the preceding chapters and it presents specific policy recommendations to foster the redirection of financial flows towards clean energy access solutions in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Energy and Population in Sub-Saharan Africa: Energy for Four Billion?

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Warner ◽  
Glenn Jones
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Direct Contrast ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
To Come ◽  
Electricity Access

Sub-Saharan Africa is home to several of the world’s least developed economies. Additionally, forty percent of the nearly one billion people in this region lack access to basic electricity. There are several initiatives and programs aimed at increasing electricity access, clean cooking fuel, and renewable energy around the world. Economic development efforts have traditionally relied on increasing an economy’s use of fossil fuels. However, global climate change agreements and mitigation efforts are in direct contrast with this approach. As such, future development efforts must fit into the larger energy–population–climate nexus of global sustainability. Here we utilise a quantitative approach to examine three scenarios for development in sub-Saharan Africa and compare the results to nine historical examples of economic development. While no perfect development analogue was found, there are several lessons that can be learned from the last half century of efforts. We find that UN projected population growth in the region is expected to outpace non-renewable energy availability. The population of sub-Saharan Africa, and subsequent projected growth (4 billion by 2100), will represent a significant energy and climate strain on the 21st century world. In a larger sense, the social and economic development of sub-Saharan Africa is likely to be tied to an increase in per capita energy consumption. This increase is not going to come from traditional fossil fuels and will therefore require significant investment in a renewable energy infrastructure.

scholarly journals Energy price modelling in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Logedi Luhangala ◽  
Amollo Ambole ◽  
Josephine Kaviti Musango ◽  
Fabrizio Ceschin ◽  
Simeon Otieno Dulo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Energy Price ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Energy Transitions ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract The energy market in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is not meeting the demands of the region’s growing population. Energy access remains a significant challenge, with most people on the continent still reliant on biomass and other traditional forms of energy. Paradoxically, research has found that the African continent has the highest potential for renewable energy generation. For this energy to be commercialized effectively, there is a need to understand energy price modelling in the SSA context. Our initial review of Literature showed that energy price modelling has received little attention in SSA. This paper, therefore, fills this gap by using a systematic literature review to consolidate knowledge on how energy price modelling has been applied in the SSA context. The systematic literature review results reveal four commonly used models: time series, Artificial Neural Network, Hybrid Iterative Reactive Adaptive (HIRA), and Hybrid models. Across the 46 SSA countries, governments have applied these models to price electricity and petroleum at the national level. However, these models have not been applied to renewable energy markets. Neither have they been applied at the household level. In the discussion, we hypothesize that price modelling can be used at the household level to improve energy decision-making. For this to work, price modelling should be simplified, user-friendly, and accessible to households. In conclusion, we recommend that SSA governments develop a more holistic view of energy price modelling to better harness the potential of renewables. They can do this through effective stakeholder engagement that includes the needs of small businesses and households. The main lessons drawn from this review include the possibility of using energy price modelling technology as a pathway to encouraging energy transitions to renewable energy in informal settlements in Africa. Using technology to bring the price modelling closer to the people is also an important element in facilitating effective transition to renewable energy. Finally, including the members of the community in pricing through creation of awareness on the models used and popularizing technology that can help in predictive pricing will help in creating better and faster energy transitions.

Energy Access: Illusion or Reality for the Poor?

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latsoucabe Fall
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Access Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Electricity Access

Electricity access is vital for alleviating poverty, and reversing the past and current negative economic and social trends in developing countries. However, despite efforts undertaken so far, the technological accomplishments and so-called breakthroughs, as well as global wealth, the population without electricity access in developing countries is still tremendous. In Sub-Saharan Africa, at least three-quarters of the population currently have no access to electricity; and over the past three decades, the number of people without access to electricity in this region has doubled. Moreover, if we applied the electricity connection rates of the past decade, one must wait until at least the end of this century, before achieving the electricity access objective set for the region. Some experts contend that electricity reform options experienced in Africa have not yet reached the expected beneficial effects, in terms of improvement of the electricity access rate for the poor, and that they were not designed to address the energy problems of the poor, but were explicitly aimed at achieving other objectives. It is thus well founded to raise the following questions: Is the WSSD objective of energy access realistic or utopian, particularly for Africa? Is the UN Millennium Development Goal of halving the number of African poor by 2015 a ‘white vow’? How can we reverse the past and current negative trends and move towards the achievement of ambitious yet realistic objectives of widespread energy access?

Renewable Energy for Sustainable Socio-Economic Development in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Sub-Saharan Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 1116 ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhtar Bello
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Sub Saharan

Worldwide, developing countries struggle to overcome numerous problems that constrain their socio-economic development. Sub-Saharan African countries represent a good example of developing countries with serious developmental challenges. Thus, this chapter presents a critical analysis on the socio-economic situation in Sub-Saharan Africa and the links between limited access to modern energy services and the prevailing socio-economic circumstance. It discusses the expected roles of renewable energy technologies in increasing energy access in the region and highlights important factors that influence extensive deployment of renewable energy technologies for sustainable development. Reliable statistical data on both the Human Development Index (HDI) and Energy Development Index (EDI) rankings indicate that most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa lie far below the world average and as a region, Sub-Saharan Africa scores least. There is high level of poverty and inadequate social services, which is attributed to acute shortage of modern energy services. In Sub-Saharan Africa, over 70% of the population lack reliable access to electricity and modern cooking fuels, which represents a large proportion of the „energy poor‟ in the world. Lack of access to modern energy services limits economic and agricultural opportunities, negatively affects the environment, promotes gender inequality and constrains delivery of social services such as health care delivery system and education. Thus, one of the biggest developmental challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa is to find effective and pragmatic solutions for increasing energy access. Sub-Saharan Africa is richly endowed with renewable energy resources such as biomass, wind, solar, hydropower and geothermal, which largely remain unexploited. The renewable energy resources are widely available throughout the region unlike the conventional fossil-based resources, that is, coal, oil and gas, which are concentrated within very few countries. Therefore, the renewable energy resources if properly and fully utilized can provide clean, affordable and reliable energy services that will promote socio-economic activities and support sustainable development.

scholarly journals Universal access to electricity: actions to avoid locking-in unsustainable technology choices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Puig ◽  
Magda Moner-Girona ◽  
Sandor Szabo ◽  
Irene Pinedo Pascua
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Electricity Access

Abstract Traditional rural-electrification planning relies on centralised, fossil-fuelled electricity generation and grid extension. High-interest rates on renewable energy-powered electricity-generation projects, coupled with low oil prices, favour traditional models and put renewable energy-powered technologies at a disadvantage. Nonetheless, over the past decades alternative approaches have emerged, based on renewable energy-powered, decentralised electricity-generation systems, notably mini-grids. This article makes the case for these alternative approaches. It does so by quantifying the magnitude to which regulating the price of diesel – through subsidies and taxes – affects two sets of parameters: the extent and cost of electrification programmes, and the greenhouse-gas emissions associated with the implementation of these programmes. The analysis, based on high-resolution geo-referenced modelling, covers 71 countries in Africa, South Asia and developing East Asia, representing 85 percent of the world’s un-electrified population. The results highlight that, compared to decentralised fossil-fuelled electricity generation, renewable energy-powered mini-grids perform better with regard to achieving two long-standing policy goals: increasing electricity-access rates and reducing greenhouse-gas emissions.

scholarly journals Capital Markets for the Financing of Clean Energy Access in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Bruno Michoud ◽  
Manfred Hafner
Keyword(s):  
Capital Markets ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractAfter having presented various financial instruments and mechanisms available for financing clean energy access projects and companies, this chapter focuses on a key element enabling an efficient use of some of the schemes exposed in the previous section. Indeed, well-functioning capital markets not only increase the trust of potential capital providers, but also enhance financial flows among countries and actors.

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