scholarly journals What Are the Boundaries to the Expansion of Digital Labour Platforms? Understanding Uberization through a Cognitive Sustainability Lens

M n gement ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Garcia ◽  
Lucie Noury
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Sustainability ◽  
Application Domain ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
Complex Activities

While digital labour platforms are booming, their ability to constitute a sustainable alternative to the managerial firm and to salaried work is questionable. To date, this debate has been approached mainly from legal or political angles, and the organizational sustainability of such platforms remains underexplored. We respond to calls to study more specifically the cognitive capabilities of platforms by mobilizing knowledge-based theories of the firm. We contribute to the literature in three ways: (1) we introduce the concept of ‘cognitive sustainability’, which we define as the capacity to ensure the integration, conservation and creation of knowledge; (2) we develop a set of propositions aimed at identifying the activities that platforms are most likely to carry out in a cognitively sustainable way; (3) we argue for the possibility of an increased hybridization of digital labour platforms to perform complex activities. Mobilizing knowledge-based theories of the firm to explore new objects such as platforms and taking such hybridization processes into account adds to this body of literature by extending its application domain and taking a more dynamic perspective.

An Integrated Knowledge-Based System to Guide the Physician During Structured Reporting

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zemmler ◽  
M. Reichert ◽  
D. Rösner ◽  
O. Baumiller ◽  
H. Knapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Entry ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Application Domain ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Report Generation ◽  
Knowledge Based System ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract:A routinely used system for report generation, based on direct physician data entry, has been combined with a knowledge-based module. The knowledge-based system is operating in the background, and guides the user by dynamically suggesting diagnoses and generating hints regarding the actual and possible further diagnostic procedures. Hybrid technology with neural networks and rules is used. A laboratory evaluation has shown good agreement between diagnoses suggested by the system and confirmed diagnoses, with a kappa coefficient of 0.85 and an area under the ROC curve of 0.92. In a survey following a 14-day test period, physicians stated that the system was both sensible and helpful. The current application domain is ultrasound reporting.

Unravelling Hurdles to Organizational Sustainability by Virtue of Sharing and Creating Knowledge

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-64
Author(s):  
Ana Martins ◽  
Orlando Pereira ◽  
Isabel Martins
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Organizational Sustainability ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Leadership Process ◽  
And Behaviors

The main aim of this chapter is to demonstrate the importance of innovation and creativity in nurturing organizational sustainability. Through knowledge and its sharing, the leadership process is oxygenated with human and holistic values in contemporary organizations. This chapter seeks to emphasize distinct characteristics in the leader and values in the leadership process needed in the present knowledge-based economy which is merciless towards cognitive and human stasis. Creating and sharing knowledge are considered the fundamental drivers of organizational performance. Furthermore, knowledge is also viewed as one of the most important resources for the survival of organizations and their prosperity. The aim of this chapter highlights why organizations require to encourage innovation and creativity. This chapter will seek to highlight its main objectives i.e., debating the role that humanizing leadership fulfils in organizations that are desperately in need to revitalize human characteristics, values, and behaviors amidst all the technology.

A KNOWLEDGE-BASED APPROACH TO COOPERATIVE RELATIONAL DATABASE QUERYING

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 73-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ LUÍS BRAGA ◽  
ALBERTO H. F. LAENDER ◽  
CLAUDINEY VANDER RAMOS
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Relational Database ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Application Domain ◽  
Query Formulation ◽  
Database Querying ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Techniques ◽  
Knowledge Based

We present in this paper an approach to providing cooperativeness in database querying using artificial intelligence techniques. The main focus is a cooperative interface that assists nonexperienced and casual users in extracting useful answers from a relational database. Our approach relies on an architecture that comprises two knowledge bases which store rules that describe the application domain and guide the process of query formulation and answering. A subset of SQL is used for expressing queries, and the cooperative interface relieves the user from knowing its full syntax and the structure of the database.

JRDP

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Saman Shishehchi ◽  
Seyed Yashar Banihashem
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Test Evaluation ◽  
Testing Session ◽  
Application Domain ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Main Components

Despite the high number of people with disabilities, there are only a few job recommender systems that cater to their needs. This study analyses the implementation of an ontology based recommender system (JRDP) that offers suitable jobs to the disabled. The system considers whether or not an assistive technology exists to address certain disabilities in a specific application domain. If so, a list of available jobs from the application domain would be recommended to the disabled workforces. Two modules are considered as main components of the framework; knowledge-based and recommendation modules. 10 applicant with various disabilities participated in the testing session. The T-test evaluation demonstrates that JRDP requires less time for the recommendation process compared to ontology-less recommendation systems. The mean values for each construct of questionnaire can be calculated using the usability test, with the average mean reported to be 4.55. Cronbach's Alpha was used for testing the reliability of questionnaire, reporting a value of (0.759), which confirms its reliability.

scholarly journals Ontology-based approach to reuse of business process knowledge

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (43) ◽  
pp. 168-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatas Čiukšys ◽  
Albertas Čaplinskas
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Knowledge Engineering ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Application Domain ◽  
Process Ontology ◽  
Process Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Based

The paper proposes an approach to reuse of business process knowledge based on domain engineering, knowledge engineering and ontology-based systems engineering. The main idea of the proposed approach is to separate business process ontology and application domain ontology, and reuse the process ontology in different application domains. A notion of generic business process is introduced and is defined as a family of similar business processes. The two life cycles activity oflocation of generic business process in application domain is discussed.Ontologijomis grindžiamas verslo procesų žinių pakartotinio naudojimo metodasDonatas Čiukšys, Albertas Čaplinskas SantraukaStraipsnyje pristatomas verslo procesų žinių pakartotinio naudojimo metodas, grindžiamas dalykinių sričių inžinerija, žinių inžinerija ir ontologijomis grindžiama sistemų inžinerija. Pagrindinė siūlomo metodo idėja yra atskirti verslo proceso ontologiją nuo dalykinės srities ontologijos ir pakartotinai panaudoti proceso ontologiją skirtingose dalykinėse srityse. Pasiūloma apibendrinto verslo proceso sąvoka, apibrėžiama kaip panašių verslo procesų šeima. Straipsnyje aptariama apibendrinto verslo proceso lokacija dalykinėje srityje, susidedanti iš dviejų gyvavimo ciklų. Pirmame cikle yra atliekama apibendrinto proceso inžinerija, antrame – konkretaus proceso inžinerija. Pastaroji susideda iš trijų žingsnių: proceso konfigūravimo, dalykinės sritiesesybių priskyrimo proceso vaidmenims ir valdymo srautų tarp proceso veiklų apibrėžimo.

scholarly journals Promoting the Sustainability of Organizations: Contribution of Transformational Leadership to Job Engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Vila-Vázquez ◽  
Carmen Castro-Casal ◽  
Dolores Álvarez-Pérez ◽  
Luisa del Río-Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Job Engagement ◽  
Organizational Sustainability ◽  
Organizational Environments ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Knowledge Based

The psychology of sustainability highlights the importance of building organizational environments promoting the employees’ well-being, and leaders play an important role in it. Drawing from Kahn’s theory, the purpose of this study is to simultaneously examine the mediating role of task significance, perceived organizational support (POS) and employees’ core self-evaluations (CSE) in the relationship between supervisors’ transformational leadership and job engagement. In order to test the proposed model, a structural equation modelling was performed using the bootstrapping technique in IBM SPSS Amos 23 for Windows. The sample consisted of 320 employees from emergent high-tech and knowledge-based SMEs in Spain. The results supported all the hypotheses posited. By helping employees to find the meaning and significance of their work, making them feel supported by the organization and strengthening their sense of worth and competence, transformational leaders boost job engagement, a key aspect of the human dimension of organizational sustainability. This paper contributes to the psychology of sustainability by advancing knowledge of the mechanisms through which supervisors’ transformational leadership influences employees’ well-being in terms of job engagement.

Design Practice and Application Domain: Primary Factors in Intelligent User-System Interface Design

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-408
Author(s):  
Roik L. Hockenberger ◽  
R. Jay Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Expert Systems ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Knowledge Based Systems ◽  
Application Domain ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Military Command ◽  
Control Knowledge ◽  
System Interfaces ◽  
And Control

Through the use of AI technology, the potential exists to make revolutionary changes in military command and control. Knowledge based systems can enable a commander and staff to accommodate large amounts of information efficiently and effectively, to generate operations plans rapidly, and thereby allow exploitation of early maneuver opportunities. This paper addresses the issues of application domain and human factors design practice as they relate to the development of effective user system interfaces for expert systems.

Is the Personal Always Political?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Osborne ◽  
Yannick Dufresne ◽  
Gregory Eady ◽  
Jennifer Lees-Marshment ◽  
Cliff van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
Knowledge Based

Abstract. Research demonstrates that the negative relationship between Openness to Experience and conservatism is heightened among the informed. We extend this literature using national survey data (Study 1; N = 13,203) and data from students (Study 2; N = 311). As predicted, education – a correlate of political sophistication – strengthened the negative relationship between Openness and conservatism (Study 1). Study 2 employed a knowledge-based measure of political sophistication to show that the Openness × Political Sophistication interaction was restricted to the Openness aspect of Openness. These studies demonstrate that knowledge helps people align their ideology with their personality, but that the Openness × Political Sophistication interaction is specific to one aspect of Openness – nuances that are overlooked in the literature.

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