Care for Mental Health Conditions in Jamaica: The Case for Investment. Evaluating the Return on Investment of Scaling Up Treatment for Depression, Anxiety, and Psychosis

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Interventions

Mental health is critical to personal well-being, interpersonal relationships, and successful contributions to society. Mental health conditions consequently impose a high burden not only on individuals, families and society, but also on economies. In Jamaica, mental health conditions are highly prevalent and major contributors to morbidity, disability, and premature mortality. Encouragingly, with timely and effective treatment, individuals suffering from mental health conditions can lead productive and satisfying lives. This publication, the first of its kind, provides evidence and guidance to support the development, financing, and implementation of mental health interventions in Jamaica. Specifically, it estimates the return on investment (ROI) from scaling up treatment for anxiety, depression, and psychosis. The results from this analysis show that Jamaica can significantly reduce the health and economic burden of mental health conditions by investing in cost-effective recommended interventions designed to improve mental health.

Effectiveness study of “occupational connections” – A short-term, in-patient intervention for promotion functioning and participation in daily life of people with mental health conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S380-S381
Author(s):  
L. Lipskaya-Velikovsky ◽  
T. Krupa ◽  
M. Kotler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

ObjectivesMental health conditions (MHC) have been associated with restrictions in daily life participation and functioning affecting health and well-being. Substantial numbers of people with MHC experience hospitalizations, however, there is limited evidence supporting functional interventions in the in-patient setting to promote recovery. The OC is an intervention implemented during sub-acute hospitalization, which attempts to promote activity and participation of people with MHC, both during the in-patient stay and upon return to the community, with a view to enabling recovery. To facilitate its implementation, we investigate the OC effectiveness.AimsInvestigate the OC contribution to cognition, symptoms and functional capacity among inpatients with schizophrenia.MethodsThis is a quasi-experimental, prospective, pre/post-designed study with convenience sampling. Inpatients with schizophrenia were enrolled into the study group participating in the OC intervention (n = 16); or the control group participating in hospital treatment as usual (n = 17). The study participants completed evaluations at baseline and at discharge or after 10 weeks with: Neurocognitive State Examination, Trail Making Test, Ray Complex Figure, and Category Fluency Test for aspects of cognition; Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for symptoms severity, and Observed Tasks of Daily Living-Revised for functional capacity.ResultsStatistically significant improvement in cognitive functioning, symptoms severity and functional capacity was found in the study group after the intervention. These changes were not observed in the control group.ConclusionThe results support the OC effectiveness for cognitive and functional capacity improvement and symptomology relief. The findings advance the body of evidence for functional interventions in hospital settings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Overlooked and Unaddressed: A narrative review of mental health consequences of child marriages.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle Ann Burgess ◽  
Mairi Jeffery ◽  
Sabina Odero ◽  
Kelly Rose-Clarke ◽  
Delanjathan Devakumar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

Child Marriage (before the age of 18) affects over 12 million young women globally, annually. Despite acknowledgement of the negative impacts of the practice on reproductive health, mental health consequences are largely overlooked. Given the ability for poor mental health to intensify other health and social challenges, understanding the mental health consequences linked to child marriage is vital. Our study is the first to examine how mental health is approached in current literature on child marriage. Our conceptual framework was informed by a rapid assessment of key issues in the field. Systematic searches of papers published between 2000-2020 were completed on four electronic databases with no language restrictions. Our protocol was registered on Prospero (CRD42019139685). Articles were assessed using PRISMA guidelines, and their quality assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Of the 4,457 records identified, 21 papers meeting inclusion criteria were analysed using narrative synthesis. The final sample included 5 qualitative, 1 mixed-methods and 15 quantitative studies (14 cross-sectional and 1 longitudinal study) reporting on data from 12 countries, largely in the global south. Intimate partner violence, poverty, challenges in childbirth and isolation were identified as social factors linked to emotional distress by those married as children. Depression was the most reported mental disorder. Anxiety, phobias, psychological distress, substance misuse, negative well-being and anti-social personality disorder were reported less frequently. Findings highlight that while significant emotional distress and specific mental health conditions are linked to child marriage, gaps in our understanding remain. Future studies are needed to; clarify directionality in these relationships; understand the mental health needs of young men, LGBTQI communities and those in humanitarian settings. Given the well documented cyclical relationship between social determinants and mental health conditions, we outline a series of community-oriented interventions which blend psychological, social and structural support to promote mental health and wellbeing in the contexts of child marriage.

scholarly journals “We’re All in the Same Boat” – The Experience of People With Mental Health Conditions and Non-clinical Community Members in Integrated Arts-Based Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Nitzan ◽  
Hod Orkibi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Personal Recovery ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Integrated Arts ◽  
Clinical Community ◽  
The Arts

In recent decades there has been a significant increase in community rehabilitation programs for people with mental health conditions. One such nationwide programs is Amitim in Israel whose mission is to foster the psychosocial rehabilitation of people with mental health conditions in the community. Amitim’s flagship program consists of arts-based groups that integrate participants with mental health conditions and non-clinical community members. To better understand the experiences of participants in these arts-based groups, five focus groups were conducted with participants from 15 integrated arts-based groups. In total, 17 people with mental health conditions and 21 non-clinical community members were interviewed for this qualitative study. Three main themes emerged from the thematic analysis: creation and expression through the arts promote well-being, self-disclosure in a safe space encourages a sense of belonging, and “we are all in the same boat.” The participants underscored the role of creation and expression through the arts in facilitating emotional expression, self-discovery, interpersonal communication, and spiritual elevation. The findings suggest that the facilitators should instill a sense of equality by enabling intergroup acquaintances without labeling participants’ mental health status. Integrated arts-based groups should be accompanied by a mental health professional who can contain and work through complex emotional situations when needed. Arts therapists who specialize in both arts and mental health are particularly suitable for this role. Overall, the interviewees reported that participation in the integrated arts-based groups positively impacted their personal recovery processes by providing a corrective experience of equality as well as enhancing a sense of belonging to the community and social relationships. The participants also reported being empowered by the final artistic event that not only enhanced their sense of visibility, competence, and aspirations for future development in personal, interpersonal, and artistic realms, but also helped to combat both self- and public stigma.

A descriptive study of mental health and burnout among Nigerian medical students

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110577
Author(s):  
Olatunde Olayinka Ayinde ◽  
Eniola Racheal Akinnuoye ◽  
Andrew Molodynski ◽  
Oliver Battrick ◽  
Oye Gureje
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

Background: Increasing attention is being paid to medical students’ mental wellbeing globally due in part to their exposure to stressors inherent in medical education and the numerous reports of elevated rates of mental health conditions in this population. Aims: This study aimed to identify stressors and determine prevalence rates of psychiatric morbidity, substance use and burnout in a sample of Nigerian medical students. Methods: In a cross-sectional online survey, 505 medical students from 25 Nigerian medical schools completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, short version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the CAGE questionnaire and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Result: The most commonly reported sources of stress were study (75.6%), money (52.3%) and relationships (30.1%). Nine students (1.8%) had received a mental health diagnosis prior to medical school but this number had increased to 29 (5.7%) whilst in medical school, with the majority being cases of anxiety and depressive disorders. The prevalence of psychological distress was 54.5%, but <5% of affected students had received any help for their mental health conditions. Twenty five students (5%) met criteria for problematic alcohol use and 6% had used cannabis. The proportions of students who met criteria for disengagement and exhaustion domains of the OLBI were 84.6% and 77.0% respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of psychological distress and burnout is high among medical students. Interventions for medical students’ well-being should be tailored to their needs and should target risk factors related to personal, organisational and medical school academic structure attributes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of physical and mental health conditions in Medicare-enrolled, autistic older adults

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany N Hand ◽  
Amber M Angell ◽  
Lauren Harris ◽  
Laura Arnstein Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

While there is emerging evidence on the prevalence of physical and mental health conditions among autistic adults, less is known about this population’s needs during older adulthood (aged 65+). We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective cohort study of 2016–2017 Medicare data to compare the prevalence of physical and mental health conditions in a national sample of autistic older adults (N = 4685) to a matched population comparison (N = 46,850) cohort. Autistic older adults had significantly greater odds of nearly all physical health conditions including epilepsy (odds ratio = 18.9; 95% confidence interval = 17.2–20.7), Parkinson’s disease (odds ratio = 6.1; 95% confidence interval = 5.3–7.0), and gastrointestinal conditions (odds ratio = 5.2; 95% confidence interval = 4.9–5.5). Most mental health conditions were more common among autistic older adults, including schizophrenia and psychotic disorders (odds ratio = 25.3; 95% confidence interval = 22.4–28.7), attention deficit disorders (odds ratio = 24.4; 95% confidence interval = 16.2–31.0), personality disorders (odds ratio = 24.1; 95% confidence interval = 17.8–32.5), and suicidality or self-inflicted injury (odds ratio = 11.1; 95% confidence interval = 8.9–13.8). Health conditions commonly associated with advanced age in the general population (e.g. osteoporosis, cognitive disorders, heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, osteoarthritis) were also significantly more common among autistic older adults. By highlighting the significant physical and mental health needs for which autistic older adults require care, our findings can inform healthcare systems, healthcare providers, and public health initiatives seeking to promote well-being in this growing population.

scholarly journals Do return to work interventions for workers with disabilities and health conditions achieve employment outcomes and are they cost effective? A systematic narrative review

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 999-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Dibben ◽  
Geoffrey Wood ◽  
Rachel O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Lower Back

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate existing evidence on whether return to work interventions achieve employment outcomes and are cost effective in order to better inform those needing accommodations at work, as well as their line managers and trade union representatives, occupational health specialists and HR managers. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a systematic narrative review to evaluate the evidence on the employment outcomes and cost effectiveness of return to work initiatives. Findings Evidence on interventions for musculoskeletal conditions such as lower back pain indicates that certain forms of intervention such as vocational rehabilitation and workplace-based rehabilitation facilitate outcomes such as employment, reduced sick leave and effective return to work. However, there is very little evidence on whether these interventions are cost effective. More generally there are glaring gaps in evidence on cardio-respiratory (heart and breathing) and mental health conditions with regard to both employment outcomes and the cost of interventions. Research limitations/implications This systematic review has critical and timely implications for both knowledge development and practice. While highlighting methodological limitations in the existing research base, it also presents avenues for further research on return work strategies and the factors inhibiting and facilitating their adoption and effective operation. Originality/value Although there is much existent literature on the return to work process, far less attention has been paid to the employment outcomes and cost effectiveness of interventions. This paper highlights the interventions for musculoskeletal conditions such as lower back conditions that may result in positive employment outcomes, with implications for practice. However, it also highlights gaps in evidence on the employment outcomes and cost effectiveness of interventions for cardio-respiratory (heart and breathing) and mental health conditions.

scholarly journals Overlooked and unaddressed: A narrative review of mental health consequences of child marriages

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e0000131
Author(s):  
Rochelle A. Burgess ◽  
Mairi Jeffery ◽  
Sabina Adhiambo Odero ◽  
Kelly Rose-Clarke ◽  
Delanjathan Devakumar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

Child Marriage (before the age of 18) affects over 12 million young women globally, annually. Despite acknowledgement of the negative impacts of the practice on reproductive health, mental health consequences are largely overlooked. Given the ability for poor mental health to intensify other health and social challenges, understanding the mental health consequences linked to child marriage is vital. Our study is the first to examine how mental health is approached in current literature on child marriage. Our conceptual framework was informed by a rapid assessment of key issues in the field. Systematic searches of papers published between 2000–2020 were completed on four electronic databases with no language restrictions. Our protocol was registered on Prospero (CRD42019139685). Articles were assessed using PRISMA guidelines, and their quality assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Of the 4,457 records identified, 21 papers meeting inclusion criteria were analysed using narrative synthesis. The final sample included 5 qualitative, 1 mixed-methods and 15 quantitative studies (14 cross-sectional and 1 longitudinal study) reporting on data from 12 countries, largely in the global south. Intimate partner violence, poverty, challenges in childbirth and isolation were identified as social factors linked to emotional distress by those married as children. Depression was the most reported mental disorder. Anxiety, phobias, psychological distress, substance misuse, negative well-being and anti-social personality disorder were reported less frequently. Findings highlight that while significant emotional distress and specific mental health conditions are linked to child marriage, gaps in our understanding remain. Future studies are needed to; clarify directionality in these relationships; understand the mental health needs of young men, LGBTQI communities and those in humanitarian settings. Given the well documented cyclical relationship between social determinants and mental health conditions, we outline a series of community-oriented interventions which blend psychological, social and structural support to promote mental health and wellbeing in the contexts of child marriage.

scholarly journals Qualitative findings from a systematic review: Visual arts engagement for adults with mental health conditions1

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-297
Author(s):  
Alan Tomlinson ◽  
Jack Lane ◽  
Guy Julier ◽  
Lily Grigsby-Duffy ◽  
Annette Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

This article reports on an investigation of the effects of ‘visual arts’-based programmes on subjective well-being (SWB) outcomes for adults with mental health conditions. In a systematic review, electronic databases were searched for articles published from January 2007 to April 2017. Grey literature completed from January 2014 to April 2017 was also considered. Six published articles of mostly moderate quality and six evaluation reports (grey literature) covering a wide range of visual arts practice, population groups and settings were included. Key themes emerged connected to the concept of ‘bonding’, sense of belonging, appreciation of self-identity and the confidence that engagement in visual arts can facilitate. The overall conclusion supports that visual arts have the potential to enhance the SWB of adults with mental health conditions. The evidence is relatively limited in terms of scope and quality – increased funding across sectors should be secured to support more extensive and long-term research.

scholarly journals How Disruptive Solutions Could Improve the Prevailing Healthcare Paradigm. A Novel Perspective the Treatment of Mental Health Conditions Using the Strannik Mathematical Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-114
Author(s):  
Wilfred Ewing Graham ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Biomedical Paradigm

There are few technologies which offer the potential to disrupt the prevailing biomedical paradigm. The author discusses the existence of the first technology to be based upon a precise and sophisticated simulation of how the brain regulates the autonomic nervous system and associated structures which has the potential to significantly disrupt the prevailing biomedical paradigm through the emergent neurological paradigm i.e. by understanding how the brain works and how this can be applied with diagnostic and/or therapeutic effect. Known commonly by the trade name ‘Strannik’ the associated package of Strannik software programmes have been shown in initial research, in 15-20 clinical studies conducted over the period 1997-2017, that Strannik Virtual Scanning (SVS) is able to determine the onset and progression of the complete spectrum of pathologies 2%-23% more accurately than the current plethora of medical tests; screen pathological onset from the presymptomatic level; define each pathology in terms of its genotype and phenotype; determine ca. 5-15 pathologies in each of 30+ organs, provide results in ca. 10 minutes - 15 minutes; more safely/non-invasively than contemporary methods of diagnosing and treating disease; achieve therapeutic outcomes with the neuromodulation technique Strannik Light Therapy (SLT) which initial studies indicate is 75%-96% therapeutic effectiveness i.e. which appear to exceed that which is possible using biomedicine; and to do as at considerably lower cost by comparison with biomedical tests and treatments. The author discusses the limitations of biomedicine and how such a neurological approach, in the form of the Strannik technology, could be applied to address such limitations and provide an alternative and cost-effective approach to the provision of healthcare, in particular (but not exclusively), regarding the management of lifestyle-related mental health conditions.

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