scholarly journals Culture forming characteristics of the Middle ages: Britain vs Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Sklizkova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forming Characteristics ◽  
Sociocultural Characteristics ◽  
The One ◽  
The Middle Ages

Any historico-cultural type creates its own model of the world which is formed by universal for the society ideas and thoughts. The Middle ages are one of the most complicated, very many-sided and contradictory epochs. It was built by several large and active strata. Such subdivision was manifested in mosaicism of cultural heritage, where different phenomena can be viewed as a pattern of separate culture, though coherent in sociocultural characteristics. The dualism of the epoch reflects on the one hand in cultural globalism for whole Europe, one the other hand in variations within. Aesthetic views were mostly manifested at court, accumulated and shown as a signs. Aristocracy partly artificially synthesized its culture, shaping in the most attractive form. It was structuralized in common European context, having absorbed local cultures, primary so called Anglo-Saxon. Though any 3–5 centuries the territory of the British Isles was being marched through by a new wave of invaders, changed the culture. So it is possible to examine the unique cultures of these peoples and their impact to British one. Although the history of Russia exists in another context, it is the history of not consequent main cultures but the history of one nation. Certainly, as the multiethnic state Russia includes many cultures of many peoples but the central and cementing one, made the country as it stands, is Russian.

Aldhelm's prose style and its origins

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 39-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Winterbottom
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Great Book ◽  
The Other ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Prose Style ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One ◽  
Literary Origins ◽  
The Middle Ages

Eduard Norden's great bookDie antike Kunstprosais grounded on first-hand acquaintance with an astonishingly wide range of literature, both from classical antiquity and from the Middle Ages. But at the authors of Anglo-Saxon England Norden does seem to have drawn the line. ‘The two great writers, Aldhelm and Bede’, he says, ‘write, like all Anglo-Saxons, a stylistically uncultivated (verwildertes) though grammatically correct Latin.’ There is no need to labour the point that Aldhelm and Bede are not to be mentioned thus cavalierly in the same stylistic breath: we are all familiar today with the distinction between the ‘hermeneutic’ Latin of the one and the ‘classical’ Latin of the other. But at least Norden could not fall victim to another widely accepted doctrine that purports to explain the origin of that distinction: the doctrine that Aldhelm's style was influenced by Ireland, Bede's by the continent of Europe. I doubt if this is true even of Bede. But my present business is with Aldhelm; I shall try to show that his literary origins are not to be found in Ireland. At the same time I shall be challenging Norden's claim that his Latin was uncultivated. I shall suggest, indeed, that its cultivation was of a kind that Norden himself would have been uniquely qualified to analyse.

scholarly journals Das Bamberger Kollegiatstift St. Gangolf im Mittelalter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Witowski
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Middle Ages

Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit stehen die Aufarbeitung, Einordnung und Interpretation der zum überwiegenden Teil unedierten Quellen zur Geschichte des Bamberger Kollegiatstifts St. Gangolf. Die daraus resultierende Institutionengeschichte stellt die Organisationsstruktur und die Eigenarten des Stifts heraus und ordnete es in die Stadt- und Kirchenlandschaft Bambergs ein. Dabei zeigt sich eine kirchliche Einrichtung, die zwischen starker Orientierung am Vorbild des Bamberger Domstifts auf der einen Seite und der Identifizierung als Theuerstädter Stift rechts der Regnitz auf der anderen Seite schwankte. Während die anderen Bamberger Kirchen, wie das Domstift, das Kloster Michelsberg oder das Kollegiatstift St. Stephan, bereits eine Bearbeitung nach modernen Gesichtspunkten erfuhren, stand dies für das Kollegiatstift St. Gangolf bisher noch aus. The present volume provides the results of the reappraisal, classification and interpretation of commonly unedited sources about the history of the collegiate church Sanct Gangolf in Bamberg in the Middle Ages. They demonstrate the structure and peculiarities of the community and place it into context of city and church in Bamberg. So it manifests itself as an institution between a strong alignment towards the bishop‘s church of Bamberg on the one hand and an identification as collegiate community in the suburbian Theuerstadt on the other hand.

Latin Christianity

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-149
Author(s):  
Joshua Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Religious History ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter considers the Victorian rehabilitation of the religious history of the Middle Ages, a period which symbolized for contemporaries the claims of Roman and Anglo-Catholicism to present-day obedience and acceptance. It draws particular attention to the importance of the liberal Anglican historian, Henry Hart Milman. Influenced by Leopold von Ranke, Milman challenged anti-Catholic denunciations of the papal Antichrist on the one hand, and reactionary eulogies to medievalism on the other, to depict the period instead as a progressive and autonomous age of ‘Latin Christianity’. It became increasingly common for religious liberals, and even conservative evangelicals and high churchmen, to echo Milman’s treatment of the Middle Ages as a providential training ground for modern individuality. The more secular appraisals of the period offered, in different ways, by William Lecky and George Gordon Coulton grated against Protestant attempts to integrate Catholicism into theologically driven understandings of the development of civilization.

scholarly journals ESSENCE AND FEATURES OF THE DISCOURSE OF ROMANTIC CULTURE OF LOVE: AN ATTEMPT OF RETHINKING

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
V. E. Turenko
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article analyzes the nature of the romantic culture of love. Romantic love is seen as a love culture, which includes a set of beliefs, ideals, principles that have developed in the Middle Ages, and the idea of which passes from generation to generation, from one century to another. It is emphasized that the romantic culture of love is not only a discourse of passion and ethos of eros. This cultural-historical type of love absorbs the connotations agape, filia and storge. Consequently, the discourse of those who love in the romantic invariant is not focused solely on passion, it is also caring, understanding, responsibility, attention, sacrifice, etc. – aspects inherent in love-filia, love-storge and love-agape. It is proved that a discourse of romantic culture of love is not realized through the prism of "rose-colored glasses", but in the context of understanding that the emergence of this feeling inevitably generates a sense of vulnerability in both participants of the love discourse. The presence of sorrow in one of the participants of the discourse of love is one of the most characteristic and vivid signs of the romantic culture of love. From the philosophical point of view, various aspects of love affliction are considered as markers of truth and authenticity of feelings, relationships between lovers. Tears, in romantic love - is not the weakness of an object and/or subject of love discourse, but it is their strength, depth and basis for the continuation of their history of feelings. It turns out that in contrast to the modern post-romantic culture of love, in the romantic tradition, the basis of love relations is the maximum recognition of the person. The one who we love is given to us as a fact of life, as the world itself. Love for which the only truly significant and determining any choice is the value of a particular, separate personality. The person we love, in essence, cannot be the subject of evaluation. One may be neither reasonable, nor good, but he/she is capable of transforming a valuable world, revealing its unity, its ability to harmony and doomed to disharmony. The love of human to human (the subject of Love) is the path where all the faces and all the boundaries, that distinguish people from one or another affiliation, disappear.

Camus's Absurd and the World of Melville's Confidence-Man

PMLA ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Leon F. Seltzer
Keyword(s):  
Careful Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Confidence Man ◽  
Ugly Duckling ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

In recent years, The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade, a difficult work and for long an unjustly neglected one, has begun to command increasingly greater critical attention and esteem. As more than one contemporary writer has noted, the verdict of the late Richard Chase in 1949, that the novel represents Melville's “second best achievement,” has served to prompt many to undertake a second reading (or at least a first) of the book. Before this time, the novel had traditionally been the one Melville readers have shied away from—as overly discursive, too rambling altogether, on the one hand, or as an unfortunate outgrowth of the author's morbidity on the other. Elizabeth Foster, in the admirably comprehensive introduction to her valuable edition of The Confidence-Man (1954), systematically traces the history of the book's reputation and observes that even with the Melville renaissance of the twenties, the work stands as the last piece of the author's fiction to be redeemed. Only lately, she comments, has it ceased to be regarded as “the ugly duckling” of Melville's creations. But recognition does not imply agreement, and it should not be thought that in the past fifteen years critics have reached any sort of unanimity on the novel's content. Since Mr. Chase's study, which approached the puzzling work as a satire on the American spirit—or, more specifically, as an attack on the liberalism of the day—and which speculated upon the novel's controlling folk and mythic figures, other critics, by now ready to assume that the book repaid careful analysis, have read the work in a variety of ways. It has been treated, among other things, as a religious allegory, as a philosophic satire on optimism, and as a Shandian comedy. One critic has conveniently summarized the prevailing situation by remarking that “the literary, philosophical, and cultural materials in this book are fused in so enigmatic a fashion that its interpreters have differed as to what the book is really about.”

Aristotle's Unmoved Movers

Traditio ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Merlan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Picture ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Concentric Spheres ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Middle Ages

According to Aristotle all heavenly movement is ultimately due to the activity of forty-seven (or fifty-five) ‘unmoved movers'. This doctrine is highly remarkable in itself and has exercised an enormous historical influence. It forms part of a world-picture the outlines of which are as follows. The universe consists of concentric spheres, revolving in circles. The outermost of these bears the fixed stars. The other either bear planets or, insofar as they do not, contribute indirectly to the movements of the latter. Each sphere is moved by the one immediately surrounding it, but also possesses a movement of its own, due to its mover, an unmoved, incorporeal being. (It was these beings which the schoolmen designated as theintelligentiae separatae.) The seemingly irregular movements of the planets are thus viewed as resulting from the combination of regular circular revolutions. The earth does not move and occupies the centre of the universe. Such was Aristotle's astronomic system, essential parts of which were almost universally adopted by the Arabic, Jewish, and Christian philosophers of the Middle Ages.

scholarly journals CULTURAL REPRESENTATION OF POWER AND THE COURT DURING THE PERSONAL REIGN OF CHARLES I STUART

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
L. I. Ivonina
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cultural Representation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Charles I ◽  
The World ◽  
King Charles I ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The article analyzes the main features of the Caroline era in the history of Britain, which were reflected in the cultural representation of the power of King Charles I Stuart and the court’s daily life in the 1630s. The author shows that, on the one hand, the cult of peace and the greatness of the monarch were the cultural product of the Caroline court against the background of the Thirty Years' War in continental Europe. On the other hand, there was a spread of various forms of escapism, the departure into the world of illusions. On the whole, the representation of the power of Charles Stuart and the court’s daily life were in line with the general trend of the time. At the same time, the court of Charles I reflected his personality. Thinly sensing and even determining the artistic tastes of his era, the English king abstracted from its political and social context.

scholarly journals Het labyrint in de letterkunde: Van de Barok tot het Postmodernisme

Literator ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
H. Ester
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Other ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Geometrical Figure ◽  
Garden Path ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Significant Structure

The labyrinth in literature: From Baroque to Postmodernism The labyrinth has proved to be an essential symbol of postmodernist literature and the philosophy of our time. This symbol has apparently had the power to bridge the centuries between Ancient Greece and the year 2000. In reality the labyrinth as a geometrical figure has acquired various meanings in the course of time. The history of the labyrinth as symbol shows that the constant elements are as essential as the changes in meaning from the Middle Ages until the present day. Two of the new symbolic elements that accompany the labyrinth on its way through various cultural periods are the garden and the path of life. During the Baroque the labyrinth, for example, represented the synthesis of garden, path and maze. At the end of the twentieth century the labyrinth once more becomes a dominant and significant structure. The labyrinth reflects the inability and perhaps impossibility to find the key to the centre of the world and to discover the truth behind the words we use. On the other hand, the labyrinth suggests that the search for meaning and truth is an aim in itself or even that this search can lead to new forms of wisdom. The labyrinth therefore is an ambivalent and fascinating symbol of our time. Dedalus and Ariadne, however, have not yet brought the salvation we are waiting for.

The General History of the Middle Ages at the V. Babeş University of Cluj (1951-1952)

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Ionuț Costea
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
The People ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Middle Ages

"The General History of the Middle Ages at the V. Babeş University of Cluj (1951-1952). The 1948 education reform represented, besides a new institutional architecture transposed in accordance with the model of the soviet universities, a process of recycling professors. The process of changing the teaching staff was carried out on at least two levels – the definitive or temporary elimination (sometimes accompanied by incarceration) from the education system on the one hand, and the exertion of severe surveillance and intimidation, thus remodelling the discourse and the behaviour in the spirit of the socialist realist “cultural revolution” on the other hand. The study shed light on a method that led to the expulsion of the professors was the public defamation, the accusation of immorality and of their lack of understanding of the new political transformations of the country, thus labelling the professors as “enemies of the people”. The atmosphere of fear and humiliation was sustained through press campaigns of defamation. Especially the younger university professors were instructed to attack, in the press, the more professionally well reputed and publicly well-known professors. These articles contained not only analyses of the professors’ works and ideas, but also their dismantling, their “exposé” and their human undermining. This paper is a case study on a professor from medieval department of Cluj university, Francisc Pall at the beginning of 1950s years. Keywords: Communism, Romania, education reform, cultural revolution, violence, surveillance. "

Leibniz on Human Equality and Human Domination

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin E. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz ◽  
The Other ◽  
Concrete Application ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Equality ◽  
Temporal Succession ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

This chapter undertakes an extensive treatment of the place of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in the history of the concept of race. In particular, the chapter draws out the significant points of difference between Leibniz's view, on the one hand, and Bernier's biogeographical view, on the other. It shows, in fact, that Leibniz remains thoroughly committed to a conception of race that is rooted in earlier ideas about the temporal succession of members of a family or lineage. Moreover, the chapter reveals in what way his analysis of race may be seen as a concrete application of his very deepest philosophical commitment, according to which the order of the world amounts to a multiplicity that is underlain by unity.

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