scholarly journals SWEM – EFFICIENT «GREEN» TECHNOLOGY FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY AND WATER FROM THE ATMOSPHERE

Neft i gaz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3-4 (117-1118) ◽  
pp. 137-149
Author(s):  
A.I. BAZHAL ◽  
◽  
A.M. BARAK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Natural Energy

Thermal energy created by heating the Earth and the atmospheric air by sunlight exists in the Earth’s atmosphere in quantities many times greater than humanity’s energy needs. The authors formulated and patented the basic principles of concentration and use of this low-potential thermal energy scattered in the atmosphere. The SWEM technology proposed in the article is a way to convert this natural energy into usable electrical energy, in calculated quantities. SWEMtechnology isbasedonmechanisms that canbeobservedinsuchanaturalphenomenon as a hurricane. The SWEM module replicates the chain of transitions of aggregate states of atmospheric moisture, starting with heating the surface of the world’s oceans and evaporating water that saturates the air. The energy accumulated in the water of the sun, as a result of the chain of conversions, is converted into electricity. At the same time, as a by-product of enthalpy of cross-aggregation, fresh water is released, falling out of the air in the form of precipitation. Fresh water, like energy, is the most valuable and vital product for many people on the planet. TheSWEM water-electric module is versatile, lightweight, operationaland portable. The energy generation providing for energy or water consumption can be scaled up in the form of a synchronized battery of basic size SWEM modules or a mega-installation. SWEM modules can be placed on the ground or on the water surface, in steppe or urban landscape conditions. The technology does not require external energy sources and is absolutely green. The fundamental principles of concentration and management of the earth’s low-potential thermal energy, on which SWEM technology is based, can form the basis of a new, clean energy industry that exceeds current and future energy and water needs

scholarly journals SWEM – GREEN TECHNOLOGY FOR GENERATING FRESH WATER AND ELECTRIC POWER FROM THE ATMOSPHERIC AIR

Neft i gaz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (116) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
A.I. BAZHAL ◽  
◽  
A.M. BARAK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Business World ◽  
Water Power ◽  
Water On Mars

Providing fresh water and clean energy to inhabitants of remote villages of Kazakhstan, Ethiopia, Eastern China, other countries and areas where people are living in scarcity of water and energy and often are literally dying from lack of water and food is not a matter of business. It’s a matter of humanity. Making it more economic than any other sources of energy and water is the matter of business. World is spending billions of dollars trying to find water on Mars. Galex invented the most efficient and economical method providing water, power and chance of growing food on lands that was unsuitable for farming due to lack of water. Megapolises like Almaty, Beijing, Mexico City, many others, where people suffer from respiratory diseases, having to inhale air polluted with exhausts from vehicles and power plants, states like Central Kazakhstan, California, Middle East where periodic droughts kill harvests shall no longer be subjects of those problems. Galex has a viable and economic solution to it. SWEM – efficient, cost effective and universal technology for green energy and fresh water production

Modeling Technology Strategies for Thermal Energy Services in Rural Developing Communities

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nordica MacCarty ◽  
Kenneth (Mark) Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
User Adoption ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Technology Strategies ◽  
Solar Water Heaters ◽  
Biomass Cookstoves

Approximately 40% of the world’s population lives in energy poverty, lacking basic clean energy to prepare their food, heat water for washing, and provide light in their homes. Access to improved energy services can help to alleviate this poverty and result in significant improvements to health and livelihoods, yet past strategies for meeting the needs of this large and diverse population have often been top-down and focused on single intervention or solution, leading to limited success. Using a systems-based approach to examine residential thermal energy needs, this paper explores five intervention strategies to provide energy services for a remote off-grid village in Mali. The five intervention strategies are (1) general improved biomass cookstoves, (2) advanced biomass cookstoves, (3) communal biomass cookstoves, (4) LPG cookstoves, and (5) solar water heaters. Using a probabilistic multi-objective model that includes technical, environmental, economic, and social objectives, the potential net improvements, critical factors, and sensitivities are investigated. The results show that the factors with the most impact on the outcome of an intervention include the rate of user adoption, value of time, and biomass harvest renewability; in contrast, parameters such as cookstove emission factors have less impact on the outcome. This suggests that the focus of village energy research and development should shift to the design of technologies that have high user adoption rates. That is, the results of this study support the hypothesis that the most effective village energy strategy is one that reinforces the natural user-driven process to move toward efficient and convenient energy services.

scholarly journals Wind Energy Usage for Building Heating Applying Hydraulic System

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadas Ždankus ◽  
Jurgita Černeckienė ◽  
Leonas Greičius ◽  
Vidas Stanevičius ◽  
Nerijus Bunikis
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Gear Pump ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Hydraulic Load

The most ordinary way to use wind energy for building heating needs is to convert mechanical wind energy into electrical energy and to use electrical energy for heating. Though there are ways to convert mechanical wind energy into thermal energy without transitional energy conversion – hydraulic systems can be implemented for this purpose. Wind rotor gives rotational motion to the pump of hydraulic system and it creates fluid circulation in the hydraulic system. A part of liquid mechanical energy due to hydraulic resistance of the system converts into the thermal energy when the liquid circulates in the close hydraulic loop and it heats up the liquid that can be used for heating purposes. Different hydraulic valves can be integrated in the hydraulic system and they can work as the load-regulating component of the system. The purpose of the study was to adjust the hydraulic load to the optimal value in order to generate a maximum amount of thermal energy. During the study, the work of a wind rotor was simulated by an electric motor, rotated at different frequencies (without feedback). The hydraulic system consisted of a gear pump, an adjustable load regulation valve, pipes, oil tank, sensors for measuring motor shaft rotational speed, oil temperature and pressure. The experiments were carried out at different electromotor speeds: 12.5, 17.5 and 22.5 Hz, and for different oil temperatures in the range of 20 to 50 °C. The relationship between the opening degree of the valve and the amount of generated thermal energy was determined. The study showed that wind energy usage can cover a significant part of the building's thermal energy needs at the same time reducing pollution and the usage of the fossil fuel for heating purposes.

Hydrogen Storage in Magnesium-Based Alloys

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Liquid Hydrogen ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Oil Crisis

Magnesium can reversibly store about 7.7 wt% hydrogen, equivalent to more than twice the density of liquid hydrogen. This high storage capacity, coupled with a low price, suggests that magnesium and magnesium alloys could be advantageous for use in battery electrodes and gaseous-hydrogen storage systems. The use of a hydrogen-storage medium based on magnesium, combined with a fuel cell to convert the hydrogen into electrical energy, is an attractive proposition for a clean transportation system. However, the advent of such a system will require further research into magnesium-based alloys that form less stable hydrides and proton-conducting membranes that can raise the operating temperature of the current fuel cells.Following the U.S. oil crisis of 1974, research into alternative energy-storage and distribution systems was vigorously pursued. The controlled oxidation of hydrogen to form water was proposed as a clean energy system, creating a need for light and safe hydrogen-storage media. Extensive research was done on inter-metallic alloys, which can store hydrogen at densities of about 1500 cm3-H2 gas/ cm3-hydride, higher than the storage density achieved in liquid hydrogen (784 cm3/cm3 at –273°C) or in pressure tanks (˜200 cm3/cm3 at 200 atm). The interest in metal hydrides accelerated following the development of portable electronic devices (video cameras, cellular phones, laptop computers, tools, etc.), which created a consumer market for compact, rechargeable batteries. Initially, nickel-cadmium batteries fulfilled this need, but their relatively low energy density and the toxicity of cadmium helped to drive the development of higher-energy-density, less toxic, rechargeable batteries.

DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION OF THREE-INPUT GENERATING INSTALLATIONS ON BASED OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Я.М. КАШИН ◽  
Л.Е. КОПЕЛЕВИЧ ◽  
А.В. САМОРОДОВ ◽  
Ч. ПЭН
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Voltage Regulator ◽  
The Sun

Описаны конструктивные особенности трехвходовой аксиальной генераторной установки (ТАГУ), преобразующей кинетическую энергию ветра и световую энергию солнца и суммирующей механическую, световую и тепловую энергию с одновременным преобразованием полученной суммарной энергии в электрическую. Показаны преимущества ТАГУ перед двухвходовыми генераторными установками. Дополнительное включение стабилизатора напряжения в схему ТАГУ позволило расширить область применения стабилизированной трехвходовой аксиальной генераторной установки за счет стабилизации ее выходного напряжения. The design features of the three-input axial generating installation (TAGI), which converts the kinetic energy of wind and light energy of the sun and sums the mechanical, light and thermal energy with the simultaneous conversion of the total energy into electrical energy, are described. The benefits of TAGI in front of the two-input generating installation shown. The additional introduction of a voltage regulator into the TAGI scheme allowed to expand the scope of the stabilized three-input axial generating installation by stabilizing its output voltage.

scholarly journals KAJIAN SUMBER ENERGI PADA PENGOLAHAN KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) DI PT. ALNO AGRO UTAMA SUMINDO OIL MILL, BENGKULU UTARA

AGROINTEK ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Lukman Hidayat ◽  
Fitri Electrika Dewi Surawan ◽  
Arga Harianda Lumban Raja
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Energy Needs

Increasing demand for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) as the vegetable oil was causing the industry to cultivate palm oil increased, so that the energy required to produce CPO also increased. The purpose of this study is to identify the type, source and calculate the amount of energy needs, calculate the level of efficiency and energy savings opportunities. Stages of the research are  initial energy analysis, a detailed energy, and energy analysis in processing systems. Based on the research results, to produce each kg of CPO processing capacity of 60 ton TBS / hour with a recovery rate of 20.59% of primary energy needs of 16.200679 MJ / kg. Real boiler efficiency of 45.69%, the real efficiency of the turbine was 94, 86%. Turbine efficiency  to generate electrical energy by 1.09%, the technical efficiency of 66.80% turbines, diesel generators technical efficiency of 47.25%, the technical efficiency of electric motors by 59.37%.  The total efficiency  of  electricity  use by 4,75%, the efficiency of diesel estate of 1.379% and the efficiency of the use of steam at 93.77%. Energy can be saved by 0.0442 MJ / kg with a description of human powered energy of 0.0004316 MJ / kg, energy electrical energy by .04372 MJ / kg. While energy can be stored on the excess energy to fuel biomass boiler was 1.45 MJ / kg

scholarly journals Research Proposal: Cryptocurrency User Attitudes Towards the Environmental Impact of Proof-of-Work

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Platt ◽  
Francesco Pierangeli
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Consensus Protocol ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
User Attitudes ◽  
Decentralised Systems ◽  
Consensus Models ◽  
Potential Impact

The consumption of electrical energy is a requisite for ‘proof-of-work’, a class of consensus protocols for decentralised systems. ‘Ethereum’ and ‘Bitcoin’, along with various other cryptocurrencies, use implementations of such a consensus protocol. Among experts, the vast energy demand associated with the rising popularity of cryptocurrencies and the potential impact on climate change have been discussed extensively. It is, however, unclear what attitudes the users of cryptocurrencies themselves have towards the consequences of its growing energy demand. The proposed study aims to answer this question through survey research, using ‘Bitcoin’ as an archetype of a proof-of-work cryptocurrency. Conducting the study will reveal whether cryptocurrency users themselves consider their energy needs to be problematic, and which stakeholders they hold accountable to reduce consumption. The outcome can provide a theoretical grounding in social science for the ongoing implementation of alternative consensus models, for example in the context of the ‘Eth2’ upgrade of the ‘Ethereum’ blockchain.

scholarly journals The Global Survey of the Electrical Energy Distribution System: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Sudhakar Talhar ◽  
Sanjay B. Bodkhe
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
The World

This paper gives a review of energy scenario in India and other countries. Today’s demand of the world is to minimize greenhouse gas emissions, during the production of electricity. Henceforth over the world, the production of electrical power is changing by introducing abundantly available renewable energy sources like sun and wind. But, because of the intermittent nature of sustainable power sources, the electrical power network faces many problems, during the transmission and distribution of electricity. For resolving these issues, Electrical Energy Storage (EES) is acknowledged as supporting technology. This paper discusses about the world electrical energy scenario with top renowned developed countries in power generation and consumption. Contribution of traditional power sources changed after the introduction of renewable energy sources like sun and wind. Worldwide Agencies are formed like International Energy Agency (IEA), The Central Intelligence Agency, (CIS) etc. The main aim of these agencies is to provide reliable, affordable and clean energy. This paper will discuss about the regulatory authority and government policies/incentives taken by different countries.  At the end of this paper, author focuses on obstacles in implementation, development and benefits of renewable energy.

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