SWEM – GREEN TECHNOLOGY FOR GENERATING FRESH WATER AND ELECTRIC POWER FROM THE ATMOSPHERIC AIR

Providing fresh water and clean energy to inhabitants of remote villages of Kazakhstan, Ethiopia, Eastern China, other countries and areas where people are living in scarcity of water and energy and often are literally dying from lack of water and food is not a matter of business. It’s a matter of humanity. Making it more economic than any other sources of energy and water is the matter of business. World is spending billions of dollars trying to find water on Mars. Galex invented the most efficient and economical method providing water, power and chance of growing food on lands that was unsuitable for farming due to lack of water. Megapolises like Almaty, Beijing, Mexico City, many others, where people suffer from respiratory diseases, having to inhale air polluted with exhausts from vehicles and power plants, states like Central Kazakhstan, California, Middle East where periodic droughts kill harvests shall no longer be subjects of those problems. Galex has a viable and economic solution to it. SWEM – efficient, cost effective and universal technology for green energy and fresh water production

HOW TO MAKE KAZAKHSTAN THE MOST COMPETITIVE AND TECHNOLOGICALLY INNOVATIVE COUNTRY OF THE WORLD

The oil industry, like the world economy as a whole, has been shaken by the previously unseen crisis triggeredbytheCOVID-19pandemic.Urgentmeasuresrequires tochallenge andovercomeit. Believing that only reliance on innovation, technological progress, human capital will ensure the survival of the industry, the article below outlines the essence of fundamentally new, patented or diploma-protected scientific discoveries, technologies that address to resolve the challenges and ensure the Kazakhstan’s economic, environmental and commercial supremacy in every step of oil production – from oil exploration all the way to a gas tank. The National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan has accumulated a large base of such solutions. In the field of exploration: space sciencecomplimenting geologicalinnovative methods, both regional and detailed, allow for an order of magnitude cheaper, more accurately identify promising search sites and discover new oil and gas fields. In the field of oil production and transportation: GALEX technologies will ensure the production of ultra-viscous, hard-to-recover oil, high water cut, depleted fields at a cost of not exceeding 4–5 dollars per barrel; transportation by pipelines of oil volumes times greater than the base volume at no costs increase. Inthefieldofoilrefining:low-temperaturehydro-conversiontechnology,technology foron-site synthesizing petroleum products from crude oil will allow deep processing of hydrocarbon products of any specifications at relatively low temperatures, produce market-demanded products with the possibility of rapid reprofiling of production. In the area of hydrocarbon fuel efficiency and environmental efficiency: to reformat hydrocarbon fuels prior being burned in internal combustion engines with savings of 30% or more, 10 НЕФТЬ И ГАЗ 2020. 3–4 (117–118) АКТУАЛЬНО with a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 30% or more, the elimination of poisonous substances emissions into the biosphere by 95–98%, can be used with patented andproven SALF technology and devices. In the field of renewable energy: renewable energy technologies will significantly reduce the energy intensity of the entire industry, provide the population of hard-to-reach and remote areas with cheap energy and fresh water. The references in the text are a database of scientific publications, discoveries, engineering and engineering, protected patents and diplomas, recommendations created by scientists, oil professionals, inventors of the National Academy of Engineering of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which can be submitted for use for purpose in the oil and gas industry

ROAD BITUMEN WITH A MAN-MADE MODIFIER

In this work, for the development of oil bitumens, the high-tar oil of the Karazhanbas field, which is economically unprofitable for processing, is used as an additive to the tar of a mixture of oils of Martyshi + Mangystau. As a modifying and plasticizing agent, a technogenic modifier – elemental sulfur (waste from the Tengiz oil and gas processing complex) was used, and various induction moments were introduced, which are an additional source of structure formation of the oxidized feedstock. The Karazhanbas oil field, although economically unprofitable for processing, is unique in its component composition. It contains a large number of high-molecular and resinous-asphaltene components (resins 24,18% and asphaltenes 4,85%) prone toassociative interactions and structure formation. Asphaltenes, in turn, are stabilizers of molecular weight growth, and, in general, make a significant contribution to improving the technological parameters of the target product-bitumen. The mechanism of action of elemental sulfur is that when dispersed with a reaction mixture, there is an increase in the release of acid gases, such as: H2S, CO, SO2, which is explained by an increase in the rates of polycondensation and compaction reactions. This increases the rate of reaction of bitumen sulphurization in the reaction system. Over time, the intensity of gas release decreases due to a gradual decrease in the rates and further cessation of compaction and polycondensation reactions. The structure of the bitumen stabilizes. Induction moments were used as an additional object of the structure builder. The creation of the induction factors increased the amount of reactive monocularity and bicyclogermacrene hydrocarbons (as confirmed by the indicators of instrumental analysis) that accelerate the formation of high molecular compounds, which leads to increased molecular weight of oxidizable starting material, thereby improving the technological parameters of the resulting bitumen. Technogenic sulfur and induction moments in tandem have a combined effect on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the developed bitumen. Summarizing the above results of experimental work, it should be noted that by choosing the calculated amount of raw materials, additives and varying various induction moments, you can get bitumen of the BN 80/120 brand, and this makes it possible to dispose of man-made waste, which is economically and environmentally appropriate.

КОСМИЧЕСКИЙ МОНИТОРИНГ КАК СРЕДСТВО ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ГЕОЛОГОРАЗВЕДКИ

В своем Послании народу Казахстана от 1 сентября 2020 г. Глава государства К.К. Токаев сказал: «Длительный нефтяной суперцикл, похоже, завершился. Следует быть готовым к совершенно новой конъюнктуре мирового рынка. Создание по-настоящему диверсифицированной, технологичной экономики для нас не просто необходимость, этот путь уже безальтернативен». Поэтому, как отметил далее Глава государства, новый экономический курс нашей страны должен базироваться на семи основных принципах, среди которых он назвал принцип роста производительности, повышение сложности и технологичности экономики, и при этом мы должны исходить из наших конкурентных преимуществ и реальных возможностей.

TO THE QUESTION ABOUT DEEP OIL OF THE SOUTH TORGAY BASIN

South Torgai basin is located in the south of and is the youngest oil and gas region discovered in Kazakhstan at the end of the last century. Shallow depths of reservoirs containing high-quality sulfurless oil are the main incentive for a return in the search for new deposits in the basin They are carried out according to the method developed on the basis of the hypothesis of the sedimentary genesis of oil. New data on the structure of the basin and its productivity obtained already at the beginning of the 21st century indicate that deep oil deposits are also found in the basin, which significantly increases the prospects for the discovery of new deposits and oil and gas fields in the region

DEVELOPMENT OF OIL REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL SECTORS FOR EFFICIENT FUNCTIONING OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Expediency of complex use of hydrocarbonic resources in the course of further development of a domestic oil and gas complex for increase of his competitiveness is proved. Ways of development of the petrochemical productions capable to provide release of the wide range of products with a high value added are offered. In article the provision that with development of the petrochemical industry the oil and gas complex of the republic will find necessary stability is reasoned and will be able to become not only the leading, but also knowledge-intensive branch of domestic economy

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА ГИДРОДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВАЦИИ ТЯЖЕЛОГО НЕФТЯНОГО СЫРЬЯ

Согласно мировым прогнозам, в связи с истощением запасов легких нефтей в недалекой перспективе возникнет проблема переработки исключительно тяжелого углеводородного сырья. Для решения этого вопроса необходимо совершенствовать или частично изменять существующие технологии нефтепереработки, например, путем интегрирования классических и нетрадиционных методов. В случае использования механо-волнового воздействия на обрабатываемое нефтяное сырье, имеет место деструкция его молекулярных структур, протекание химических реакций, облегчающих процесс более глубокой переработки. Целью статьи является исследование процессов превращений высокомолекулярных компонентов тяжелого нефтяного сырьяпри термомеханическом – гидродинамическом воздействии на него. Проведена оценка возможности мягкого крекинга тяжелой нефти и ее смесей с нефтяными остатками (битум, мазут) при гидродинамической обработке в роторС.Б. НУРЖАНОВА1, 2 , кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник Е.В. СОЛОДОВА1,2 , кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник УДК 665.63; https://doi.org/10.37878/2708-0080/2020-5.031 С 104 НЕФТЬ И ГАЗ 2020 5 (119) ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ ПОСЛАНИЯ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА КАЗАХСТАНА ном активаторе. В процессе гидродинамического воздействия на нефтяное сырье происходит разрыв длинноцепочных молекул углеводородных соединений, т. е. изменяется их исходный химический состав. На основании исследования физико-химических свойств нефтяного сырья - исходной тяжелой нефти и нефтяных остатков, характера их фракционного состава при атмосферной разгонке, предложен механо-волновой-гидродинамический метод переработки без использования реагентов и катализаторов. Разрабатываемая технология может обеспечить эффективное решение задач по углублению переработки тяжелой нефти: увеличению выхода дистиллятов, снижение количества нефтяных кубовых остатков, при энергетически малозатратной и экологической безопасности технологии производства.

PETROLEUM AND BITUMEN CONTAINING AND INDUSTRIAL ANTHROPOGENIC MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF LONG-LASTING ROARDS

This paper raises problem issues of technical conditions of the roads in the Republic in connection with the address of Kassym-Zhomart Tokayev, the President of the country to the people of Kazakhstan.The main problem is poor condition of roads infrastructure resulting in a high level of accidents on dual highways. The second problem is slow rate of roads’ construction and reconstruction according to outdated designing methods and traditional construction technologies for a short operating time of not more than 15-20 years that does not comply with worldwide standards of repair-free service life of roads of 50 years and more. Motorization of the country and freight traffic increases by 25-40% annually, the road load increased 2-3 times resulting in intensive destruction of outdated roads pavements. In connection with this the volume of repairs with respect to costs exceeds more than 50% of total road industry financing. The third problem is a high cost of roads construction. Cost plus technologies are still being widely applied in Kazakhstan. At the same time industrial waste discharge of Kazakhstan’s enterprises accumulated more than 45 billion tons of anthropogenic wastes including petroleum and bitumen containing anthropogenic materials with the application of which innovative resource-saving and power-saving nanotechnologies and nanostructured long-life materials were developed. At the same time, it is possible to reduce the cost of construction and expenses for road maintenance by 2-3 times within 50 years. In addition, to accelerate construction and repairs of 1-2 category roads by 2-3- times, while 3-4 category by 5-6 times. The scientific and technical program headed by national Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021-2023 “To develop and implement efficient technologies of cast-insitu construction of road-transport structures according to world standards with a complex recycling of industrial anthropogenic wastes and recoverable resources” is developed for wide application of nanotechnologies and nanostructured materials in roads construction.

ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ НАУКИ – В ПРОИЗВОДСТВО!

В 3-4 номере журнала «Нефть и газ» за 2020 год опубликована статья главного редактора Н.К. Надирова « Как сделать Казахстан самой конкурентноспособной и передовой нефтяной страной мира» [1]. Как отмечает автор, в эпоху кризиса нефтяной отрасли, вследствие резкого падения цен на нефть, во многом обусловленным пандемией COVID-19, главным направлением выхода из данной ситуации видится снижение стоимости операций по всей цепочке работ, начиная от поиска месторождений и кончая реализацией продукции. Эта цепочка операций в обобщенном виде включает следующие работы: - геологоразведку, - добычу и транспортировку нефти, - нефтепереработку, - эффективность использования углеводородного топлива, - рациональное использование попутного и сжиженного газа, - использование возобновляемой энергетики

INFLUENCE OF THE CORROSION AND ENSURING INTEGRITY THE FLUIDS TRANSPORT PIPELINES, ON BASED OF THE ROUTINE DIAGNOSIS

Pipelines represent a very important part of the energy infrastructure. They ensure an economical, safe and continuous transport of fluids, in generally of oil crudes and natural gases. As time goes, pipelines of transporting oil and natural gas (more, buried and high-pressure pipeline) are subjected to loads and environmental effects which may cause them to become degraded with. Pipelines may suffer degradation from a variety of causes, as: corrosion, mechanical damage, stress cracking etc. As pipelines age and the degradation mechanisms become more problematic, it is recognised that the integrity of those pipelines must be proactively managed. All pipeline operators are well aware of this, and at this problem. Evident, the prudent operators have active programs, - timely intervention programs to assure continuing pipeline transporting fluids -, more, to mitigate deterioration and to repair defective pipes. Another important aspect is forecasting corrosion over a period of time in order to predict the possibility of pipeline failure (in other words, defect rate versus time to failure). A variety of techniques are used depending on the nature of the pipeline and the perceived problems. Some of the basic techniques are described in this article.