scholarly journals Nutrition in the first 6 months of life – current challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (S4) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Vlad DIMA ◽  
◽  
Cornelia PREDA ◽  
Anca SIMIONESCU ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Optimal Development ◽  
Healthy Newborn ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
The Moment

From the moment of birth, the diet must aim an optimal development of the full-term, healthy newborn, and the best known option until now is the breast milk. Studies have consistently highlighted the benefits of natural nutrition, emphasizing its nutritional qualities but also its role in developing immunity for the newborn. A curent challenge is the moment of initiating food diversification, with recommendations indicating ages between 4 and 6 months. Therefore, an analysis of existing recommendations should be linked to studies on the onset of food allergies with the initiation of diversification. There are also cases in which the natural diet cannot be achieved, in these situations the administration of milk formulas is required. Infant mill formulas have evolved a lot in terms of quality and composition, approaching the breast milk, but they can not be considered equal to it.

Nutrition For Healthy Infants And Toddlers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Collier ◽  
Jenny Kinne
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Key Words Breast ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Feeding Skills ◽  
Potential Food

Feeding and eating are essential to life. As the infant grows into a toddler, the child goes through transitions with feeding, starting with breast milk or formula, transitioning to complementary feeding between the ages of 4 and 6 months, and then advancing to table foods. It is important to provide adequate nutrition to meet the growing needs of the child from a macronutrient and micronutrient standpoint through infancy to childhood. Throughout this time, anthropometric measurements are obtained to assess proper growth. Feeding is a dynamic part of a child’s life that varies at each stage of childhood, which comes with challenges such as avoiding choking hazards, preventing potential food allergies, providing a varied diet to meet macronutrient and micronutrient needs, and supporting advancement in textures for appropriate development of feeding skills and avoiding issues with picky eating. Providing proper nutrition from quality, quantity, and texture standpoints at each stage of childhood is essential to ensure adequate nutrition to promote healthy and expected growth and development.   This review contains 4 figures, 10 tables and 43 references Key words: breast milk, complementary feeding, food, food safety, formula, growth, infant, micronutrients, neophobia, nutrition, oral health, physical activity, toddler

scholarly journals Retinol, α-tocopherol, and selected minerals in breast milk of lactating women with full-term infants in South Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyesook Kim ◽  
Byung-Mun Jung ◽  
Bum-Noh Lee ◽  
Yun-Je Kim ◽  
Ji A Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Lactating Women

scholarly journals Full Term Abdominal Pregnancy with Healthy Newborn: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elfakir S ◽  
Zouita B ◽  
Basraoui D ◽  
Hicham Jalal
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Abdominal Pregnancy ◽  
Healthy Newborn

Composition of premature breast-milk during lactation: constant digestible protein content (as in full term milk)

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J.W. Beijers ◽  
F.V.D. Graaf ◽  
A. Schaafsma ◽  
A.D. Siemensma
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Digestible Protein

scholarly journals Early allergy symptoms in infants aged 0-6 months on breast milk substitutes

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Mulya Safri ◽  
Aulia Rahman Putra
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Allergic March

Background Atopic diseases are common in children and a serious health problem worldwide. Atopic dermatitis, food allergies, asthma and allergic rhinitis, have been described as the natural progression of allergic diseases, also known as the “allergic march”. Cow’s milk protein is known to be a common trigger of food allergies and hypersensitivity reactions during infancy. Objective To give an overview of the breast milk substitutes (BMS) and incidence of early allergy onset (allergic march) in atopic infants aged 0-6 months. Methods This cross-sectional study included a total of 40 atopic infants collected by consecutive sampling. A questionnaire was used for interview that inquired information on the type of BMS used, initial allergy complaints, the age of the emergence of early allergic symptoms, and the breakdown for BMS type. Univariate analysis was carried out to describe their characteristics as frequency distributions and percentages of each variables. Results Atopic dermatitis and wheezing were more common in boys (62.5%). Atopic dermatitis was the most common initial symptom to occur in atopic infants (52.5%). Atopic dermatitis and wheezing occurred together in 27.5% subjects. Early allergy symptoms that first occurred at the age of 1 month were seen in 42.9% for atopic dermatitis category, 37.5% for wheezing category, and 63.6% for both symptoms category, respectively. Cow’s milk was the most common type of BMS given to atopic infants in the first 6 months of life (47.5%). Conclusion Early symptoms of allergies, such as atopic dermatitis and wheezing, are more common in boys than girls. Atopic dermatitis is the most common early symptom to arise, but both symptoms occur at an early age, often during the first month of life. 

scholarly journals Notes from the Field: Cronobacter sakazakii Meningitis in a Full-Term Neonate Fed Exclusively with Breast Milk — Indiana, 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (44) ◽  
pp. 1248-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhura Sundararajan ◽  
Leslie A. Enane ◽  
Laurie A. Kidwell ◽  
Ryan Gentry ◽  
Stanley Danao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Neonate ◽  
Cronobacter Sakazakii

Immunoglobulin-A Profile in Breast Milk from Mothers Delivering Full Term and Preterm Infants

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ballabio ◽  
E. Bertino ◽  
A. Coscia ◽  
C. Fabris ◽  
D. Fuggetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Full Term

scholarly journals Practices, predictors and consequences of expressed breast-milk feeding in healthy full-term infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Li Bai ◽  
Daniel Yee Tak Fong ◽  
Kris Yuet Wan Lok ◽  
Janet Yuen Ha Wong ◽  
Marie Tarrant
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
Caesarean Section Delivery ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Milk Feeding

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and predictors of expressed breast-milk feeding in healthy full-term infants and its association with total duration of breast-milk feeding.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingIn-patient postnatal units of four public hospitals in Hong Kong.SubjectsA total of 2450 mother–infant pairs were recruited in 2006–2007 and 2011–2012 and followed up prospectively for 12 months or until breast-milk feeding had stopped.ResultsAcross the first 6 months postpartum, the rate of exclusive expressed breast-milk feeding ranged from 5·1 to 8·0 % in 2006–2007 and from 18·0 to 19·8 % in 2011–2012. Factors associated with higher rate of exclusive expressed breast-milk feeding included supplementation with infant formula, lack of previous breast-milk feeding experience, having a planned caesarean section delivery and returning to work postpartum. Exclusive expressed breast-milk feeding was associated with an increased risk of early breast-milk feeding cessation when compared with direct feeding at the breast. The hazard ratio (95 % CI) ranged from 1·25 (1·04, 1·51) to 1·91 (1·34, 2·73) across the first 6 months.ConclusionsMothers of healthy term infants should be encouraged and supported to feed directly at the breast. Exclusive expressed breast-milk feeding should be recommended only when medically necessary and not as a substitute for feeding directly at the breast. Further research is required to explore mothers’ reasons for exclusive expressed breast-milk feeding and to identify the health outcomes associated with this practice.

scholarly journals Longitudinal manganese and copper balances in young infants and preterm infants fed on breast-milk and adapted cow's milkformulas

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Dörner ◽  
Stefan Dziadzka ◽  
Andreas Höhn ◽  
Erika Sievers ◽  
Hans-Dieter Oldigs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Breast Fed

1. Mn and Cu intake and retention in twenty full-term infants and six preterm infants were studied on the basis of 72 h balances. The age of the infants was 2–16 weeks and the gestational age of the preterm infants (triplets) 34 and 36 weeks. Three nutrition schemes were pursued: breast-fed, formula-fed with unsupplemented adapted formula and formula-fed with trace element supplementation.2. The mean Mn concentration of all breast-milk samples (n 2339) was 6·2 μg/1. The two formulas had similar Mn concentrations (77 and 99 μg/1) but had different Fe, Cu (121 and 619 μg/1), Zn and I contents. The mean Cu concentration in mother's milk was 833 μg/1.3. The following mean daily Mn intakes and retentions (μg/kg) respectively were measured: breast-fed fullterm 1·06 (sd 0·43) and 0·43 (sd 0·65), formula-fed full-term 14·2 (sd 3·1) and 2·8 (sd 4·8), formula-fed preterm 15·0 (sd 2·2) and 0·06 (sd 5·87). The results for Cu were 114·5 (sd 22·3) and 88·0 (sd 46·5) μg/kg in breast-fed, 19–8 (sd 4·2) and 4·6 (-11·5–9·6) in the unsupplemented formula-fed and 106·4 (sd 18·9) and 55·5 (sd 20·3) in the supplemented formula full-term infant group. No significant influence of the trace element contents of the formulas on the relative retention of Mn or Cu was found.4. Young preterm infants, and to some degree young full-term infants, often had negative Mn balances caused by a high faccal excretion. The formulas with a Mn concentration below 100 μg/l gave a sufficient supply of Mn. Preterm infants fed on the unsupplemented formula had a marginal Cu supply and their first balances were negative (-3·8 (sd 1·8) μg/kg).5. In accordance with the estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intakes (recommended dietary allowances), formula-fed infants receive much more Mn than breast-fed infants and their absolute retention is higher.6. Cu from breast-milk had a significantly better biological availability than that from cow's milk formula. If retentions similar to those in breast-fed infants are intended, we conclude, therefore, that cow's milk formula should be fortified with Cu up to a level of at least 600 μg/l.

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