Nutrition For Healthy Infants And Toddlers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Collier ◽  
Jenny Kinne
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Key Words Breast ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Feeding Skills ◽  
Potential Food

Feeding and eating are essential to life. As the infant grows into a toddler, the child goes through transitions with feeding, starting with breast milk or formula, transitioning to complementary feeding between the ages of 4 and 6 months, and then advancing to table foods. It is important to provide adequate nutrition to meet the growing needs of the child from a macronutrient and micronutrient standpoint through infancy to childhood. Throughout this time, anthropometric measurements are obtained to assess proper growth. Feeding is a dynamic part of a child’s life that varies at each stage of childhood, which comes with challenges such as avoiding choking hazards, preventing potential food allergies, providing a varied diet to meet macronutrient and micronutrient needs, and supporting advancement in textures for appropriate development of feeding skills and avoiding issues with picky eating. Providing proper nutrition from quality, quantity, and texture standpoints at each stage of childhood is essential to ensure adequate nutrition to promote healthy and expected growth and development.   This review contains 4 figures, 10 tables and 43 references Key words: breast milk, complementary feeding, food, food safety, formula, growth, infant, micronutrients, neophobia, nutrition, oral health, physical activity, toddler

scholarly journals Complementary feeding pattern and its impact on growth and development of under 2-years infants in upper Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama M. El-Asheer ◽  
Manal M. Darwish ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdullah ◽  
Hanaa A. Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract Background Exclusive BF till the age of 6 months is rare in developing countries and complimentary feeding (CF) are introduced at an early age which is linked to the development of chronic conditions such as childhood obesity, celiac disease, diabetes, and eczema. The aim of our work is to assess complementary feeding practices of infants under the age of 2 years and to study their impact on their growth and development. This study is a cross-sectional study that was carried out over 3 years between March 2016 and March 2019, included 1000 apparently healthy infants aged less than 2 years old who attended University Children Hospital, Egypt. Practices among mothers including timing and types of foods introduced. Semi-structured questionnaire used for data collection and anthropometric measurements analyzed following the WHO Growth Charts. Results The study found that about 80% of infants were introduced to solid foods before 4 months of age. Also, a large number of infants were given liquids other than breast milk before completing their fourth month of age. Conclusion Despite the better mental development of the infants, there is a considerable gap between WHO Guiding Principles for Complementary Feeding and the practices among mothers of infants aged less than 2 years in Egypt.

scholarly journals Eating Patterns and Food Choices of Latvian Infants during Their First Year of Life

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Sirina ◽  
Ieva Strele ◽  
Inese Siksna ◽  
Dace Gardovska
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
First Year ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate ◽  
First Year Of Life

Introduction: Pregnancy, infancy, and early childhood are periods of rapid growth and development. The role of nutrition is very important during these critical growth and development periods. The aim of the study was to investigate infant feeding practices through the first year of life in Latvia, and to compare feeding practices with nutritional guidelines in Latvia and other European countries. Methods: We analysed cross-sectional study data from food frequency questionnaires with additional questions on breastfeeding and complementary feeding introduction. A total of 266 infants from all Latvian regions from birth to 1-year-old were included in the study. Breastfeeding rates were assessed by month of age. Complementary feeding was assessed using three age groups (0–3.9 months, 4–6.9 months, and 7–12.9 months), whereas two groups were used to assess food frequency and portion sizes (0–5.9 months and 6–12.9 months). Results: The breastfeeding rate during the first month of life was 89%. At 6 months, 68% of infants received breast milk, but by 12 months, only 45% still received breast milk. Complementary foods were introduced at a mean age of 5 months (standard deviation = 1). Before 4 months of age, 9% of infants were receiving complementary food, the majority (85%) between 4 and 6 months of age. There were 6% of infants who were introduced to complementary foods after 7 months of age. First complementary food choices were mainly porridge (64%), vegetables (21%), and fruits (10%). After 6 months of age, foods from almost all food groups were present in each infant diet at least once per day, such as vegetables (85%), potatoes (85%), fruits (81%), dairy (78%), and meat (73%), less than once per day—grains (88%), fats (73%), cow’s milk (66%), eggs (45%), fish (36%), and legumes (28%). Conclusion: Breastfeeding rate during first months of life is high in Latvia. Breastfeeding was sustained at the age of 6 months, in the highest rate among Baltic countries. However, only 45% continued breastfeeding at the age of 12 months, in accordance with WHO recommendations. A guideline on complementary feeding is followed by the majority of parents. There are deviations from guidelines in inclusion of some foods in the diet and frequency of consumption.

scholarly journals Complementary Feeding or Infants Aged 0-6 Months and The Related Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-181
Author(s):  
Lia Artikasari ◽  
Taty Nurti ◽  
Nelly Priyanti ◽  
Enny Susilawati ◽  
Herinawati Herinawati
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Chi Square Test

Complementary food for breast milk is food or drink containing nutrition given to infants or children aged 6-24 months to meet their nutritional needs. Giving complementary foods to breast milk too early in infants can cause indigestion, diarrhea, food allergies, disturbances in appetite regulation and changes in appetite. This research was conducted in June 2019 in the Sungai Manau Health Center Work Area, Merangin Regency. This study is a descriptive study with a cross sectional design, with a sample of 96 mothers who have babies aged 0-6 months. The data analysis used was the chi square test with a significant level of = 0.05. Based on the research that has been done, it was found that there is a relationship between family support and the provision of complementary foods (p<0.01), there is a relationship between mother's knowledge and the provision of complementary foods (p<0.00), there is a relationship between family habits and the provision of complementary foods (p<0.00). <0.00). Based on the results of the study, it is hoped that it can provide input in the Sungai Manau Health Center Work Area in order to increase socialization to the community regarding the provision of complementary feeding.  

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Pola Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI Dengan Status Gizi Bayi Usia 6-24 Bulan di Wilayah Puskesmas Kedawung Kecamatan Kedawung Kabupaten Cirebon

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Sofiyati Sofiyati
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT: THE RELATIONSHIP OF MOTHER'S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE PATTERN OF COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING OF BREASTFEEDING (MPASI) WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF INFANTS AGED 6-24 MONTHS IN THE AREA OF KEDAWUNG PUSKESMAS, KADAWUNG REGENCY, CIREBON REGENCY Introduction: Malnutrition is one of the problems in infants and children that can lead to impaired growth and development. Infants aged 6-24 months are not enough just to give breast milk alone, but the presence of complementary foods (MPASI).Objective: To determine the relationship between a mother's knowledge about how to give food can cause babies to be malnourished.Research Methods: The subjects in this study were infants aged 6-24 months at the Kedawung Health Center, Kedawung District, Cirebon Regency. Respondents are mothers who have babies aged 6-24 months as many as 27 people. This type of research is observational with a cross-sectional approach, the method is through interviews using questionnaires with data collection techniques using simple random sampling and weight measurement using digital scales. The data analysis technique used the Chi-Square test with a significant level of 0.05 on SPSS 16.0 for windows.Results: The results showed that most of the mothers had knowledge about complementary feeding patterns as many as 12 people (44%), good category 7 people (26%). However, there are still 8 (30%) mothers who have less knowledge and there is a significant relationship between mothers' knowledge about the pattern of giving complementary foods to breast milk and the nutritional status of infants aged 6-24 months. This is indicated by the value of p = 0.062 < 0.05.Conclusion: Suggestions in this study are the need to increase mother's knowledge, especially about nutrition related to complementary feeding of breast milk in her baby, immediately take care as soon as possible in infants with poor nutritional status, and the role of health services in handling it. . Malnutrition is very necessary for the continuity of infant growth and development, including through counseling, discussions and other activities by nutrition officers and posyandu cadres in the Kedawung Health Center area, so that good eating patterns and complementary breastfeeding can be implemented in an effort to improve nutritional status. Keywords: mother's knowledge, nutritional status INTISARI: HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG POLA PEMBERIAN MAKANAN   PENDAMPING ASI DENGAN STATUS GIZI BAYI USIA 6-24 BULAN DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS KEDAWUNG KECAMATAN KEDAWUNG KABUPATEN CIREBON Pendahuluan: Kekurangan gizi merupakan salah satu masalah pada bayi dan anak, yang dapat mengakibatkan terganggunya pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Bayi usia 6-24 bulan tidak cukup hanya dengan pemberian ASI saja melainkan adanya makanan pendamping ASI (MPASI).Tujuan: untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang cara pemberian makanan dapat menyebabkan bayi tidak terpenuhi gizinya.Metode Penilitan: Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah bayi dengan usia 6-24 bulan di wilayah Puskesmas Kedawung Kecamatan kedawung Kabupaten Cirebon. Adapun respondennya adalah ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 6-24 bulan sebanyak 27 orang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional, Metode melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dengan teknik pengambilan datanya menggunakan simple random sampling serta pengukuran berat badan menggunakan timbangan digital. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square dengan taraf signifikan 0,05 pada SPSS 16.0 for windows.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar ibu memiliki pengetahuan tentang pola pemberian makanan pendamping ASI dengan kategori cukup sebanyak 12 orang (44%), kategori baik sebanyak 7 orang (26%). Namun masih ada 8 orang (30%) ibu yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang serta terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang pola pemberian makanan pendamping ASI dengan status gizi bayi usia 6-24 bulan. Hal ini di tunjukkan dengan nilai p= 0,062 < 0,05.Kesimpulan: Saran dalam penelitan ini perlunya peningkatan pengetahuan ibu terutama tentang gizi yang bekaitan dengan pemberian MPASI bagi bayinya, segera dilakukan penanganan sesegera mungkin untuk bayi dengan status gizi buruk serta peran pelayanan kesehatan dalam menangani kasus gizi buruk sangat diperlukan untuk kelangsungan tumbuh kembang dari bayi, antara lain melalui penyuluhan, diskusi serta kegiatan lainnya oleh petugas gizi dan para kader posyandu di wilayah Puskesmas Kedawung, agar dapat diimplementasikannya pola makan dan pemberian MPASI yang baik bagi bayinya dalam upaya peningkatan status gizi. Kata kunci: pengetahuan ibu, status gizi

THE STUDY ON SITUATON OF EXCLUSIVE BREAST FEEDING FOR THE FIRST 6 MONTHS IN HOI AN

2016 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Lan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Key Words Breast ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Breast milk is the most valuable source of food for infants, no food is comparable. However in many countries around the world including Vietnam, the breastfeeding prevalence has been declining. A report of the Ministry of Health showed that only 19.6% of infants in Vietnam were exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months. The study was conducted in Hoi An with the aim at describing the situation of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of the mothers in Hoi An city, Quang Nam province and; identifying some factors affecting exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months in the study area. Methods: A crosssectional descriptive study was conducted in Hoi An city in December 2014. 516 mothers of infants aged from 6 to 12 months were directly interviewed on the basis of a structured questionnaire. Information about general characteristics of mothers and their infants, their knowledge and attitude of breastfeeding and the feeding types of their baby for the first 6 months was collected. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. Results: The exclusive breastfeeding prevalence for the first 6 months is 22.3%. Knowledge in breastfeeding and attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months are factors that significantly related to exclusive breastfeeding prevalence for the first 6 months (OR = 3.3; p=0.001 and OR=10.4; p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The exclusive breastfeeding rate for the first 6 months in Hoi An city is low. The promoting antenatal education in exclusive breastfeeding is necessary solution to improve exclusive breastfeeding rate for the first 6 months. Key words: breast milk, exclusive breastfeeding, Hoi An

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF DIET LINE PROVISIONS OF CHARAKA SAMHITA: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 115-117
Author(s):  
Raju Kumar ◽  
Vijay Shankar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Spiritual Well Being

Ahara is the foremost factor among all which sustain the life and maintain the normal physiological functioning of the human body and comprises the basic most cause of life. Provide longevity, complexion, satisfaction, strength, nourishment, growth and development also imparts mental as well as spiritual well-being. That is why in Ayurveda it is considered that healthy nutrition nourishes the body, mind and soul, through which a person can afford to perform all the activities which lead to happiness, heaven and salvation. But without knowing the proper dietary guidelines one cannot gain adequate nutrition and hence optimum benefits from the food. That is why it is important to awake people about the importance of dietary discipline. Otherwise from the beginning, it has to be seen that the dietary unconcern comprises the susceptibility to several diseases. Hence in Ayurveda, there are many guidelines related to diet and its contents are given which govern the adequate nutritional profile for a healthy life. Such diet line provisions are more precisely prescribed in Charka Samhita Vimana Sthana called the Ahara Vidhi Vidhana.

scholarly journals Effect of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding on infant growth and morbidity

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
T. Khadivzadeh ◽  
S. Parsai
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Height Gain ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Infants Feeding

A cohort study was conducted in the Islamic Republic of Iran between January 1997 and February 1998 to compare the growth and morbidity of 100 infants who were exclusively breastfed for 6 months and 100 who received breast milk and complementary foods between 4-6 months. Infants’ feeding pattern, weight and height were assessed and recorded. There were no significant differences in infants’ weight and height gain between 4 and 6 months. The rate of diarrhoea between ages 4 and 6 months was significantly lower in exclusively breastfed infants than in complementary food-fed infants [11% versus 27%] and respiratory infections were also lower [23% versus 35%]. We conclude that exclusive breastfeeding is superior at least until an infant is 6 months of age

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF CORK AS COOLER BAG MAKING MATERIALS FOR DAIRY BREAST MILK AS AN EXCLUSIVE BREAST MILK COVERAGE ON WORKING MOTHER

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Bina Melvia Girsang ◽  
Farida Linda Sari ◽  
Nur Afi Darti
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
Self Learning ◽  
Made In

Working mother factors, lack of knowledge about the benefits of breast milk, and the low support of assisting health workers are factors that influence the achievement of exclusive breast milk targets. The method of implementing community service activities was carried out with health counseling and assistance in the manufacture of milk bag milk milk cooler for 20 breastfeeding working mothers. Making cooler bags using cork as a material that is easily available and economical, is a breakthrough that can be made in helping to achieve exclusive breastfeeding programs. The purpose of this community service is to empower mothers through making cooler bags that are expected to improve the skills and confidence of working mothers in providing breast milk. The implementation of community service shows the results that mothers understand about the benefits of breast milk (80%), the statement of the attitude of mothers who are willing to milk breast milk in the workplace (80%), and all mothers are able to play a role in making cooler bags independently. Communities can learn independently (self learning) and can share experiences in preventing and tackling infant health, especially in fulfilling breast milk for infant growth and development

scholarly journals Amino acid formulas in patients with food allergy

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-546
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Baranov ◽  
Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova ◽  
Anna A. Alexeeva ◽  
Eduard T. Ambarchian ◽  
Lianna K. Aslamazyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

The article presents modern approaches to the use of balanced formulas for nutrition and diet correction in children with various forms of food allergies. The guidelines are based on all available up to date evidence on the efficacy, safety and utility of using such innovative medical technology as specialized amino acid formulas. This formula is the targeted medical intervention for food allergies and confirmed cow's milk protein allergy, and particularly for patients with reduced physical growth and development (growth rates included). The material is based on methodological guidelines on the amino acid formulas usage previously developed by specialist experts of the Union of pediatricians of Russia in 2020.

scholarly journals FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMANFAATAN RUANG LAKTASI DI PUSKESMAS GUNUNG PATI SEMARANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Is Susiloningtyas ◽  
Dewi Ratnawati
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
P Value ◽  
Space Utilization ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Factor ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government

ABSTRAKMenyusui adalah proses fisiologis untuk memberikan nutrisi kepada bayi. ASI adalah nutrisi ideal bagi bayi untuk menunjang kesehatan, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi secara optimal. ASI memiliki energi dan komposisi gizi yang lengkap bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi terutama di awal kehidupan bayi. Di era industrialisasi kegiatan menyusui telah mengalami penurunan yang signifikan. Ibu yang bekeja menjadi alasan untuk tidak menyusui. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan semakin menurunnya angka ibu menyusui di Indonesia dalam 5 tahun terakhir. Pencapaian angka menyusui yang rendah telah mempengaruhi angka cakupan pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada tahun 2014 hanya berkisar 27,5%. Oleh karena itu pemerintah Indonesia memandang perlu untuk meningkatkan program ASI Eksklusif dengan diterbitkannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 33 tahun 2012 tentang Pemberian ASI Eksklusif. Pemerintah telah menetapkan bahwa setiap penyelenggara fasilitas kesehatan dan pengurus tempat kerja serta penyelenggara tempat umum harus menyediakan ruang laktasi sesuai dengan ketentuan dan standar prosedur yang telah ditetapkan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah explanatory research, yaitu bertujuan untuk menguji suatu hipotesis dari hubungan antara variabel. Adapun pendekatannya menggunakan rancangan cross sectional dengan sampel penelitian 99 orang. Analisa data menggunakan analisis univariabel dan bivariabel. Hasil Uji chi square faktor usia dengan pemanfaatan Ruang Laktasi didapatkan  nilai p value 0,06 sehingga tidak ada hubungan antara faktor usia dengan pemanfaatan Ruang Laktasi sedangkan hasil uji chi square faktor pendidikan, persepsi dan motivasi dengan pemanfaatan Ruang Laktasi didapatkan nilai p value 0,05 sehingga ada hubungan antara faktor pendidikan, persepsi dan motivasi dengan pemanfaatan Ruang Laktasi. Sarannya adalah melakukan sosialisasi pemanfaatan ruang laktasi. Kata Kunci : ASI, Ruang LaktasiFACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE USE OF LAKTATION ROOM IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE GUNUNG PATI  SEMARANGABSTRACTBreastfeeding is a physiological process to provide nutrition to the baby. Breast milk is the ideal nutrition for babies to optimally support the health, growth and development of babies. Breast milk has a complete energy and nutritional composition for infant growth and development, especially early in life. In the industrialization era of breastfeeding activity has decreased significantly. A working mother is the reason not to breastfeed. This condition causes the decreasing number of nursing mothers in Indonesia in the last 5 years. The achievement of low breastfeeding rates has affected the coverage rate of exclusive breastfeeding in 2014 to only about 27.5%. Therefore the Indonesian government considers it necessary to improve the exclusive breastfeeding program by the issuance of Government Regulation No. 33 of 2012 on Exclusive Breastfeeding. The Government has determined that every provider of health facilities and workplaces and public place providers should provide lactation chambers in accordance with established provisions and standard procedures. The type of research used is explanatory research, which aims to test a hypothesis of the relationship between variables. The approach using cross sectional design with a sample of 99 people. Data analysis using univariable and bivariable analysis. The result of chi square test of age factor with Lactation Space utilization got p value 0,06 so there is no correlation between age factor with Lactation Room utilization whereas chi square test of education factor, perception and motivation with Lactation space utilization got p value 0,05 So there is a relationship between educational factors, perceptions and motivation with the utilization of Lactation Space. The suggestion is to socialize the utilization of lactation space.Keywords: Breast milk, Lactation Room

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