scholarly journals Comprehensive Compositional Analysis of Plant Cell Walls (Lignocellulosic biomass) Part I: Lignin

10.3791/1745 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cliff E. Foster ◽  
Tina M. Martin ◽  
Markus Pauly
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Plant Cell Walls

scholarly journals Redesigning plant cell walls for the biomass-based bioeconomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (44) ◽  
pp. 15144-15157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas C. Carpita ◽  
Maureen C. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance

Lignocellulosic biomass—the lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose that comprise major components of the plant cell well—is a sustainable resource that could be utilized in the United States to displace oil consumption from heavy vehicles, planes, and marine-going vessels and commodity chemicals. Biomass-derived sugars can also be supplied for microbial fermentative processing to fuels and chemicals or chemically deoxygenated to hydrocarbons. However, the economic value of biomass might be amplified by diversifying the range of target products that are synthesized in living plants. Genetic engineering of lignocellulosic biomass has previously focused on changing lignin content or composition to overcome recalcitrance, the intrinsic resistance of cell walls to deconstruction. New capabilities to remove lignin catalytically without denaturing the carbohydrate moiety have enabled the concept of the “lignin-first” biorefinery that includes high-value aromatic products. The structural complexity of plant cell-wall components also provides substrates for polymeric and functionalized target products, such as thermosets, thermoplastics, composites, cellulose nanocrystals, and nanofibers. With recent advances in the design of synthetic pathways, lignocellulosic biomass can be regarded as a substrate at various length scales for liquid hydrocarbon fuels, chemicals, and materials. In this review, we describe the architectures of plant cell walls and recent progress in overcoming recalcitrance and illustrate the potential for natural or engineered biomass to be used in the emerging bioeconomy.

Dissolution and acetylation of ball-milled lignocellulosic biomass in ionic liquids at room temperature: application to nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of cell-wall components

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Qu ◽  
Takao Kishimoto ◽  
Masahiro Hamada ◽  
Noriyuki Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of entire plant cell walls without isolating their components gained importance over the last decade. Recently, a dissolution method and an NMR analysis of entire plant cell walls were reported, in which finely ball-milled lignocellulosic biomass was dissolved at 100°C in the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. In the present study, several ILs were examined with or without co-solvent to find milder dissolution conditions to mitigate possible degradation processes. Co-solvents, including N,N-dimethylacetamide, pyridine, and dimethyl sulfoxide, increased the solubilization efficiency of ILs. For example, ball-milled fir wood was completely dissolved in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl) at 30°C in the presence of these co-solvents. The heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR spectra of acetylated fir, birch, and bamboo cell walls, which were recovered from [Amim]Cl/pyridine (1:1, w/w) solution, had a high analytical power.

scholarly journals Assessment of structural characteristics of regenerated cellulolytic enzyme lignin based on a mild DMSO/[Emim]OAc dissolution system from triploid of Populus tomentosa Carr.

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 3376-3387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Ying Chen ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Xiao-Jun Shen ◽  
Han-Yin Li ◽  
Yu-Ying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Populus Tomentosa ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzyme ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Populus Tomentosa Carr

The structural characteristics of native lignin are essential for the further deconstruction of plant cell walls for value-added application of lignocellulosic biomass.

Exploration of cell wall architecture with the rapid-freeze deep-etch technique

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 128-129
Author(s):  
Béatrice Satiat-Jeunemaitre ◽  
Chris Hawes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Plant Cell Walls

The comprehension of the molecular architecture of plant cell walls is one of the best examples in cell biology which illustrates how developments in microscopy have extended the frontiers of a topic. Indeed from the first electron microscope observation of cell walls it has become apparent that our understanding of wall structure has advanced hand in hand with improvements in the technology of specimen preparation for electron microscopy. Cell walls are sub-cellular compartments outside the peripheral plasma membrane, the construction of which depends on a complex cellular biosynthetic and secretory activity (1). They are composed of interwoven polymers, synthesised independently, which together perform a number of varied functions. Biochemical studies have provided us with much data on the varied molecular composition of plant cell walls. However, the detailed intermolecular relationships and the three dimensional arrangement of the polymers in situ remains a mystery. The difficulty in establishing a general molecular model for plant cell walls is also complicated by the vast diversity in wall composition among plant species.

Wheat cell walls and constituent polysaccharides induce similar microbiota profiles upon in vitro fermentation despite different short chain fatty acid end-product levels.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyi Lu ◽  
Deirdre Mikkelsen ◽  
Hong Yao ◽  
Barbara Williams ◽  
Bernadine Flanagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

Plant cell walls as well as their component polysaccharides in foods can be utilized to alter and maintain a beneficial human gut microbiota, but it is not known whether the...

scholarly journals Plant Cell Wall Hydration and Plant Physiology: An Exploration of the Consequences of Direct Effects of Water Deficit on the Plant Cell Wall

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
David Stuart Thompson ◽  
Azharul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Degree Of Hydration ◽  
Cellulose Composites

The extensibility of synthetic polymers is routinely modulated by the addition of lower molecular weight spacing molecules known as plasticizers, and there is some evidence that water may have similar effects on plant cell walls. Furthermore, it appears that changes in wall hydration could affect wall behavior to a degree that seems likely to have physiological consequences at water potentials that many plants would experience under field conditions. Osmotica large enough to be excluded from plant cell walls and bacterial cellulose composites with other cell wall polysaccharides were used to alter their water content and to demonstrate that the relationship between water potential and degree of hydration of these materials is affected by their composition. Additionally, it was found that expansins facilitate rehydration of bacterial cellulose and cellulose composites and cause swelling of plant cell wall fragments in suspension and that these responses are also affected by polysaccharide composition. Given these observations, it seems probable that plant environmental responses include measures to regulate cell wall water content or mitigate the consequences of changes in wall hydration and that it may be possible to exploit such mechanisms to improve crop resilience.

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