Chemical Analysis of Water-accommodated Fractions of Crude Oil Spills Using TIMS-FT-ICR MS

Different ionization techniques based on different principles have been applied for the direct mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of crude oils providing composition profiles. Such profiles have been used to infer a number of crude oil properties. We have tested the ability of two major atmospheric pressure ionization techniques, electrospray ionization (ESI(±)) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI(+)), in conjunction with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The ultrahigh resolution and accuracy measurements of FT-ICR MS allow for the correlation of mass spectrometric (MS) data with crude oil American Petroleum Institute (API) gravities, which is a major quality parameter used to guide crude oil refining, and represents a value of the density of a crude oil. The double bond equivalent (DBE) distribution as a function of the classes of constituents, as well as the carbon numbers as measured by the carbon number distributions, were examined to correlate the API gravities of heavy, medium, and light crude oils with molecular FT-ICR MS data. An aromaticity tendency was found to directly correlate the FT-ICR MS data with API gravities, regardless of the ionization technique used. This means that an analysis on the molecular level can explain the differences between a heavy and a light crude oil on the basis of the aromaticity of the compounds in different classes. This tendency of FT-ICR MS with all three techniques, namely, ESI(+), ESI(−), and APPI(+), indicates that the molecular composition of the constituents of crude oils is directly associated with API gravity.

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Experimental Study on Direct Current Voltage Assisted Carbonated Water-Flooding Mechanism in Tight Oil Reservoir

10.2523/iptc-21498-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rukuan Chai ◽

Yuetian Liu ◽

Yuting He ◽

Qianjun Liu ◽

Wenhuan Gu

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Direct Current ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Co2 Sequestration ◽

Water Flooding ◽

Current Voltage ◽

Direct Current Voltage ◽

Carbonated Water ◽

Ft Icr Ms ◽

Ft Icr

Abstract Tight oil reservoir plays an increasingly important role in the world energy system, but its recovery is always so low. Hence, a more effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology is urgently needed. Meanwhile, greenhouse effect is more and more serious, a more effective carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) method is also badly needed. Direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding is a new technology that combines direct current voltage with carbonated water-flooding to enhance oil recovery and CO2 sequestration efficiency, simultaneously. Experimental studies were conducted from macroscopic-scale to microscopic-scale to study the performance and mechanism of direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding. Firstly, core flood experiments were implemented to study the effect of direct current voltage assisted carbonated water on oil recovery and CO2 sequestration efficiency. Secondly, contact angle and interfacial tension/dilatational rheology were measured to analyze the effect of direct current voltage assisted carbonated water on crude oil-water-rock interaction. Thirdly, total organic carbon (TOC), gas chromatography (GC), and electrospray ionization-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (ESI FT ICR-MS) were used to investigate the organic composition change of produced effluents and crude oil in direct current voltage assisted carbonated water treatment. Through direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding experiments, the following results can be obtained. Firstly, direct current voltage assisted carbonated waterflooding showed greater EOR capacity and CO2 sequestration efficiency than individual carbonated water and direct current voltage treatment. With the increase of direct current voltage, oil recovery increases to 38.67% at 1.6V/cm which much higher than 29.07% of carbonated water-flooding and then decreases, meanwhile, CO2 output decreases to only 35.5% at 1.6V/cm which much lower than 45.6% of carbonated water-flooding and then increases. Secondly, in direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding, the wettability alteration is mainly caused by carbonated water and the effect of direct current can be neglected. While both carbonated water and direct current have evident influence on interfacial properties. Herein, with direct current voltage increasing, the interfacial tension firstly decreases and then increases, the interfacial viscoelasticity initially strengthens and then weakens. Thirdly, GC results indicated that crude oil cracking into lighter components occurs during direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding, with the short-chain organic components increasing and the long-chain components decreasing. Meanwhile, TOC and ESI FT ICR-MS results illustrated that CO2 electroreduction do occur in direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding with the dissolved organic molecules increases and the emergence of formic acid. Conclusively, the synergy of CO2 electrochemical reduction into formic acid in aqueous solution and the long-chain molecules electrostimulation pyrolysis into short ones in crude oil mutually resulted in the enhancement of crude oil-carbonated water interaction. This paper proposed a new EOR & CCS technology-direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding. It showed great research and application potential on tight oil development and greenhouse gas control. More work needs to be done to further explore its mechanism. This paper constructs a multiscale & interdisciplinary research system to study the multidisciplinary (EOR&CCS) problem. Specifically, a series connected physical (Core displacement, Contact angle, and Interfacial tension/rheology measurements) and chemistry (TOC, GS, and ESI FT ICR-MS) experiments are combined to explore its regularity and several physics (Atomic physics) and chemistry (Electrochemistry/Inorganic Chemistry) theories are applied to explain its mechanisms.

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Application of FT-ICR MS Equipped with Quadrupole Detection for Analysis of Crude Oil

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02644 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 (22) ◽

pp. 12101-12107 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Eunji Cho ◽

Matthias Witt ◽

Manhoi Hur ◽

Maeng-Joon Jung ◽

Sunghwan Kim

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Ft Icr Ms ◽

Ft Icr

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Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Food Waste: Effect of Process Parameters on Product Yields and Chemistry

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2021.658592 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Hengameh Bayat ◽

Mostafa Dehghanizadeh ◽

Jacqueline M. Jarvis ◽

Catherine E. Brewer ◽

Umakanta Jena

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Food Waste ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Energy Content ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽

Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽

Ft Icr Ms ◽

Ft Icr

Increasing food waste generation (1.6 billion tons per year globally) due to urban and industrial development has prompted researchers to pursue alternative waste management methods. Energy valorization of food waste is a method that can reduce the environmental impacts of landfills and the global reliance on crude oil for liquid fuels. In this study, food waste was converted to bio-crude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) in a batch reactor at moderate temperatures (240–295°C), reaction times (0–60 min), and 15 wt.% solids loading. The maximum HTL bio-crude oil yield (27.5 wt.%), and energy recovery (49%) were obtained at 240°C and 30 min, while the highest bio-crude oil energy content (40.2 MJ/kg) was observed at 295°C. The properties of the bio-crude oil were determined using thermogravimetric analysis, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, CHNS elemental analysis, and ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy (FT-ICR MS). FT-ICR MS results indicated that the majority of the detected compounds in the bio-crude oil were oxygen-containing species. The O4 class was the most abundant class of heteroatom-containing compounds in all HTL bio-crude oil samples produced at 240°C; the O2 class was the most abundant class obtained at 265 and 295°C. The total FAME content of the bio-crude oil was 15–37 wt.%, of which the most abundant were palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (C18:3N:3, C18:3N:6).

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Photochemical changes in water accommodated fractions of MC252 and surrogate oil created during solar exposure as determined by FT-ICR MS

Marine Pollution Bulletin ◽

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 104 (1-2) ◽

pp. 262-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Pamela P. Vaughan ◽

Tashiema Wilson ◽

Rebecca Kamerman ◽

Melissa E. Hagy ◽

Amy McKenna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Exposure ◽

Water Accommodated Fractions ◽

Ft Icr Ms ◽

Ft Icr

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Low-temperature oxidation of heavy crude oil characterized by TG, DSC, GC-MS, and negative ion ESI FT-ICR MS

Energy ◽

10.1016/j.energy.2020.119004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 214 ◽

pp. 119004 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shuai Zhao ◽

Wanfen Pu ◽

Xiaoqiang Peng ◽

Jizhou Zhang ◽

Hao Ren

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Negative Ion ◽

Heavy Crude Oil ◽

Low Temperature Oxidation ◽

Temperature Oxidation ◽

Heavy Crude ◽

Ft Icr Ms ◽

Ft Icr

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Characterisation and selection of demulsifiers for water-in-crude oil emulsions using low-field 1H NMR and ESI–FT-ICR MS

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2014.10.020 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 140 ◽

pp. 762-769 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Giovanna F. Carneiro ◽

Renzo C. Silva ◽

Lúcio L. Barbosa ◽

Jair C.C. Freitas ◽

Cristina M.S. Sad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

1H Nmr ◽

Low Field ◽

Oil Emulsions ◽

Ft Icr Ms ◽

Selection Of ◽

Ft Icr

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Effect of ionic composition in water: oil interactions in adjusted brine chemistry waterflooding: preliminary results

Revista Fuentes El Reventón Energético ◽

10.18273/revfue.v16n2-2018005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 75-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gustavo A. Maya ◽

Julia J. Herrera ◽

Jorge A. Orrego ◽

Fernando A. Rojas ◽

Mayra F. Rueda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Ionic Composition ◽

Carbon Number ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Oil Viscosity ◽

Static Conditions ◽

The Impact ◽

Ft Icr Ms ◽

Ft Icr

Low salinity or adjusted brine composition waterflooding (LSW or ABCW) is considered a promising improved/enhanced oil recovery (IOR/EOR) method. Despite the large number of studies documented in the literature, there are contradictory results and a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms that operate in this recovery process. The proposed fluid:rock and fluid:fluid mechanisms are still under discussion and investigation. However, the impact of oil geochemistry and its importance on the fluid:fluid interactions that can occur with brines during LSW or ABCW have been overlooked and studied in a lesser extent.The scope of the present study is to preliminary evaluate crude oil:brine interactions to validate the influence of its compositions. These interactions were evaluated at static conditions for a week and reservoir temperature (60°C) using two oil samples from different Colombian basins and brine solutions of different composition at a constant ionic strength (I = 0.086). Specifically, this investigation evaluated the effect of the type of cation (Na+ and Ca2+) and anion (Cl- and SO4=) on crude oil:brine interactions. The results of these experiments were compared with tests using distilled water (DW). Although a basic characterization of brines (i.e. pH, alkalinity and ionic composition) and oil (oil viscosity) was performed, the main objective of this study is the analysis of water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The results demonstrate that water:oil interactions are dependent on brine and crude oil compositions. The main changes observed in the aqueous phase were the increase in inorganic components (desalting effects) and organic compounds soluble in water. Only the system crude oil A and NaCl (5,000 ppm) showed the formation of a micro dispersion. Negative electrospray ionization (ESI (-)) FT-ICR MS data shows that WSOC’s identified in DW and Na2SO4 after the interaction with crude oil A belongs to similar classes but there is marked selectivity of species solubilized with different brines. The relative abundance of classes Ox, OxS and NOx (x > 2) decreases while Ox, OxS and NOx (x ≤ 2) increase their solubility in the presence of Na2SO4 compared to DW. The analysis of O2 and O3S classes using double bond equivalence (DBE) vs. carbon number (CN) contour plots shows that the isoabundance of water-soluble species are within the range of DBE £ 10 and CN £ 20 regardless the brine used in the experiments. Finally, the method of solvent extraction in silica columns used in this investigation for the analysis of WSOC using FT-ICR MS represents a powerful and new approach to study LSW and ABCW.

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