scholarly journals Effect of ionic composition in water: oil interactions in adjusted brine chemistry waterflooding: preliminary results

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Maya ◽  
Julia J. Herrera ◽  
Jorge A. Orrego ◽  
Fernando A. Rojas ◽  
Mayra F. Rueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Low salinity or adjusted brine composition waterflooding (LSW or ABCW) is considered a promising improved/enhanced oil recovery (IOR/EOR) method. Despite the large number of studies documented in the literature, there are contradictory results and a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms that operate in this recovery process. The proposed fluid:rock and fluid:fluid mechanisms are still under discussion and investigation. However, the impact of oil geochemistry and its importance on the fluid:fluid interactions that can occur with brines during LSW or ABCW have been overlooked and studied in a lesser extent.The scope of the present study is to preliminary evaluate crude oil:brine interactions to validate the influence of its compositions. These interactions were evaluated at static conditions for a week and reservoir temperature (60°C) using two oil samples from different Colombian basins and brine solutions of different composition at a constant ionic strength (I = 0.086). Specifically, this investigation evaluated the effect of the type of cation (Na+ and Ca2+) and anion (Cl- and SO4=) on crude oil:brine interactions. The results of these experiments were compared with tests using distilled water (DW). Although a basic characterization of brines (i.e. pH, alkalinity and ionic composition) and oil (oil viscosity) was performed, the main objective of this study is the analysis of water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The results demonstrate that water:oil interactions are dependent on brine and crude oil compositions. The main changes observed in the aqueous phase were the increase in inorganic components (desalting effects) and organic compounds soluble in water. Only the system crude oil A and NaCl (5,000 ppm) showed the formation of a micro dispersion. Negative electrospray ionization (ESI (-)) FT-ICR MS data shows that WSOC’s identified in DW and Na2SO4 after the interaction with crude oil A belongs to similar classes but there is marked selectivity of species solubilized with different brines. The relative abundance of classes Ox, OxS and NOx (x > 2) decreases while Ox, OxS and NOx (x ≤ 2) increase their solubility in the presence of Na2SO4 compared to DW. The analysis of O2 and O3S classes using double bond equivalence (DBE) vs. carbon number (CN) contour plots shows that the isoabundance of water-soluble species are within the range of DBE £ 10 and CN £ 20 regardless the brine used in the experiments. Finally, the method of solvent extraction in silica columns used in this investigation for the analysis of WSOC using FT-ICR MS represents a powerful and new approach to study LSW and ABCW.

scholarly journals Comparing Crude Oils with Different API Gravities on a Molecular Level Using Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Part 1: Whole Crude Oil

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jandyson Santos ◽  
Alberto Wisniewski Jr. ◽  
Marcos Eberlin ◽  
Wolfgang Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Different ionization techniques based on different principles have been applied for the direct mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of crude oils providing composition profiles. Such profiles have been used to infer a number of crude oil properties. We have tested the ability of two major atmospheric pressure ionization techniques, electrospray ionization (ESI(±)) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI(+)), in conjunction with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The ultrahigh resolution and accuracy measurements of FT-ICR MS allow for the correlation of mass spectrometric (MS) data with crude oil American Petroleum Institute (API) gravities, which is a major quality parameter used to guide crude oil refining, and represents a value of the density of a crude oil. The double bond equivalent (DBE) distribution as a function of the classes of constituents, as well as the carbon numbers as measured by the carbon number distributions, were examined to correlate the API gravities of heavy, medium, and light crude oils with molecular FT-ICR MS data. An aromaticity tendency was found to directly correlate the FT-ICR MS data with API gravities, regardless of the ionization technique used. This means that an analysis on the molecular level can explain the differences between a heavy and a light crude oil on the basis of the aromaticity of the compounds in different classes. This tendency of FT-ICR MS with all three techniques, namely, ESI(+), ESI(−), and APPI(+), indicates that the molecular composition of the constituents of crude oils is directly associated with API gravity.

Experimental Study on Direct Current Voltage Assisted Carbonated Water-Flooding Mechanism in Tight Oil Reservoir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rukuan Chai ◽  
Yuetian Liu ◽  
Yuting He ◽  
Qianjun Liu ◽  
Wenhuan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Co2 Sequestration ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Direct Current Voltage ◽  
Carbonated Water ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Abstract Tight oil reservoir plays an increasingly important role in the world energy system, but its recovery is always so low. Hence, a more effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology is urgently needed. Meanwhile, greenhouse effect is more and more serious, a more effective carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) method is also badly needed. Direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding is a new technology that combines direct current voltage with carbonated water-flooding to enhance oil recovery and CO2 sequestration efficiency, simultaneously. Experimental studies were conducted from macroscopic-scale to microscopic-scale to study the performance and mechanism of direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding. Firstly, core flood experiments were implemented to study the effect of direct current voltage assisted carbonated water on oil recovery and CO2 sequestration efficiency. Secondly, contact angle and interfacial tension/dilatational rheology were measured to analyze the effect of direct current voltage assisted carbonated water on crude oil-water-rock interaction. Thirdly, total organic carbon (TOC), gas chromatography (GC), and electrospray ionization-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (ESI FT ICR-MS) were used to investigate the organic composition change of produced effluents and crude oil in direct current voltage assisted carbonated water treatment. Through direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding experiments, the following results can be obtained. Firstly, direct current voltage assisted carbonated waterflooding showed greater EOR capacity and CO2 sequestration efficiency than individual carbonated water and direct current voltage treatment. With the increase of direct current voltage, oil recovery increases to 38.67% at 1.6V/cm which much higher than 29.07% of carbonated water-flooding and then decreases, meanwhile, CO2 output decreases to only 35.5% at 1.6V/cm which much lower than 45.6% of carbonated water-flooding and then increases. Secondly, in direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding, the wettability alteration is mainly caused by carbonated water and the effect of direct current can be neglected. While both carbonated water and direct current have evident influence on interfacial properties. Herein, with direct current voltage increasing, the interfacial tension firstly decreases and then increases, the interfacial viscoelasticity initially strengthens and then weakens. Thirdly, GC results indicated that crude oil cracking into lighter components occurs during direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding, with the short-chain organic components increasing and the long-chain components decreasing. Meanwhile, TOC and ESI FT ICR-MS results illustrated that CO2 electroreduction do occur in direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding with the dissolved organic molecules increases and the emergence of formic acid. Conclusively, the synergy of CO2 electrochemical reduction into formic acid in aqueous solution and the long-chain molecules electrostimulation pyrolysis into short ones in crude oil mutually resulted in the enhancement of crude oil-carbonated water interaction. This paper proposed a new EOR & CCS technology-direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding. It showed great research and application potential on tight oil development and greenhouse gas control. More work needs to be done to further explore its mechanism. This paper constructs a multiscale & interdisciplinary research system to study the multidisciplinary (EOR&CCS) problem. Specifically, a series connected physical (Core displacement, Contact angle, and Interfacial tension/rheology measurements) and chemistry (TOC, GS, and ESI FT ICR-MS) experiments are combined to explore its regularity and several physics (Atomic physics) and chemistry (Electrochemistry/Inorganic Chemistry) theories are applied to explain its mechanisms.

scholarly journals Chemical Analysis of Water-accommodated Fractions of Crude Oil Spills Using TIMS-FT-ICR MS

10.3791/55352 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Benigni ◽  
Rebecca Marin ◽  
Kathia Sandoval ◽  
Piero Gardinali ◽  
Francisco Fernandez-Lima
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Water Accommodated Fractions ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Application of FT-ICR MS Equipped with Quadrupole Detection for Analysis of Crude Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (22) ◽  
pp. 12101-12107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunji Cho ◽  
Matthias Witt ◽  
Manhoi Hur ◽  
Maeng-Joon Jung ◽  
Sunghwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

scholarly journals Estimating the impact of natural and anthropogenic emissions on cloud chemistry: the influence of organic compounds

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 591-634
Author(s):  
L. Alfonso ◽  
G. B. Raga
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Spectral Evolution ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Cloud Development ◽  
Organic Case ◽  
Aerosol Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
So2 Concentration

Abstract. In order to estimate the anthropogenic influence of gas and aerosol emissions from the Petroleum Industry in maritime zones with clouds of small vertical extent, a numerical 1D Eulerian cloud-chemical model with detailed microphysics (Alfonso and Raga, 2002) is used to simulate the influence of water soluble organic compounds (WSOC) and organic+inorganic gas emissions on cloud development. Following Mircea et al. (2002), we tested the sensitivity of the cloud and precipitation development in the classical inorganic case (CIC) and the inorganic+organic case (IOC) with respect to CCN compositions. The results indicate an increase in the droplet concentration for the IOC, and a delay in the development of precipitation. The pH spectral evolution was studied during both the development and precipitation stages. The influence of the diffusion of formic acid and its generation by oxidation of hydrated formaldehyde in the aqueous phase result in a reduction in the pH of precipitation in the range between 0.05 and 0.15 pH units (from 1 to 3%) for the high ambient SO2 concentration (20 ppb) and between 0.2–0.5 pH units (from 4 to 10%) for the low ambient SO2 concentration (1 ppb) case.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Molecular characterization of aerosol-derived water soluble organic carbon using ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
pp. 5099-5111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Wozniak ◽  
J. E. Bauer ◽  
R. L. Sleighter ◽  
R. M. Dickhut ◽  
P. G. Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Abstract. Despite the acknowledged relevance of aerosol-derived water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) to climate and biogeochemical cycling, characterization of aerosol WSOC has been limited. Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) was utilized in this study to provide detailed molecular level characterization of the high molecular weight (HMW; m/z>223) component of aerosol-derived WSOC collected from rural sites in Virginia and New York, USA. More than 3000 peaks were detected by ESI FT-ICR MS within a m/z range of 223–600 for each sample. Approximately 86% (Virginia) and 78% (New York) of these peaks were assigned molecular formulas using only carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) as elemental constituents. H/C and O/C molar ratios were plotted on van Krevelen diagrams and indicated a strong contribution of lignin-like and lipid-like compounds to the aerosol-derived WSOC samples. Approximately 1–4% of the peaks in the aerosol-derived WSOC mass spectra were classified as black carbon (BC) on the basis of double bond equivalents calculated from the assigned molecular formulas. In addition, several high-magnitude peaks in the mass spectra of samples from both sites corresponded to molecular formulas proposed in previous secondary organic aerosol (SOA) laboratory investigations indicating that SOAs are important constituents of the WSOC. Overall, ESI FT-ICR MS provides a level of resolution adequate for detailed compositional and source information of the HMW constituents of aerosol-derived WSOC.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of polar organic aerosol constituents in off-road engine emissions using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS): implications for source apportionment

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 13945-13956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Cui ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Yingjun Chen ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Peak Response ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Abstract. The molecular compositions of polar organic compounds (POCs) in particles emitted from various vessels and excavators were characterized using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), and possible molecular structures of POCs were proposed. POCs were extracted with purified water and sorted by elemental composition into three groups: CHO, CHON, and S-containing compounds (CHONS and CHOS). The results show the following. (i) CHO (accounting for 49 % of total POCs in terms of peak response) was the most abundant group for all tested off-road engines, followed by CHON (33 %) and CHOS (35 %) for diesel and HFO (heavy-fuel-oil)-fueled off-road engines. (ii) The abundance and structure of the CHON group in water extracts were different in terms of engine type and load. The relative peak response of CHON was the highest for excavator emissions in working mode, compared to the idling and moving modes. Furthermore, dinitrophenol and methyl dinitrophenol were potentially the most abundant emission species for high-rated speed excavators, while nitronaphthol and methyl nitronaphthol were more important for low-rated speed vessels. (iii) The composition and structure of the S-containing compounds were directly influenced by fuel oil characteristics (sulfur content and aromatic ring), with more condensed aromatic rings in the S-containing compounds proposed in HFO-fueled vessel emissions. More abundant aliphatic chains were inferred in diesel equipment emissions. Overall, higher fractions of condensed hydrocarbons and aromatic rings in POCs emitted from vessels using HFO cause strong optical absorption capacity. Different structures in POCs could provide a direction for qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds as tracers to distinguish these emissions from diesel or HFO-fueled off-road engines.

scholarly journals Sources of reactive nitrogen in marine aerosol over the Northwest Pacific Ocean in spring

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Luo ◽  
Shuh-Ji Kao ◽  
Hongyan Bao ◽  
Huayun Xiao ◽  
Hongwei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Northwest Pacific Ocean ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Abstract. Abstract Atmospheric deposition of long range transport anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (Nr, mainly NHx, NOy and water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON)) from continent exerts profound impact on marine biogeochemistry. On the other hand, marine biogenic dissolve organic nitrogen (DON) is also a potential contributor to aerosol WSON in overlying atmosphere. Despite of the importance of off-continent dispersion and interactive processes of Nr in the atmosphere–ocean boundary, knowledge regarding sources of various nitrogen species in the open ocean remained limited due to insufficient observations. In spring of 2014 and 2015, we conducted two cruises starting from the coast of China through the East China Seas (ECSs, i.e. Yellow Sea and East China Sea) to the open ocean (i.e. Northwest Pacific Ocean, NWPO). Concentrations of water-soluble total nitrogen (WSTN), NO3− and NH4+, and δ15N of WSTN and NO3− in marine aerosol were measured for both cruises. In spring of 2015, we also analysed the aerosol CHON molecular formulas by using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), and the concentrations and δ15N of NO3− and DON of surface sea water (SSW) (depth 5 m) along the cruise track. Aerosol NO3−, NH4+ and WSON showed a logarithmic off shore decrease pattern (1–2 orders of magnitude drop) reflecting a strong anthropogenic emission source of NO3−, NH4+ and WSON from China. Concentrations of aerosol NO3− and NH4+ were significantly higher in 2014 (even in remote NWOP) than those in 2015 due to stronger wind field in 2014, underscoring the role of the Asian winter monsoon in seaward transport of anthropogenic NO3− and NH4+. However, the WSON in background aerosol over the NWPO in 2015 (12.7 ± 8.7 nmol m−3) was close to that in 2014 (10.7 ± 7.0 nmol m−3) suggesting an addition of non-anthropogenic WSON source in the open ocean. Results of the FT-ICR-MS analyses revealed a higher contribution of marine biological source to WSON in background aerosol and this was supported by the analysis of isotopic mixing between aerosol NH4+ and SSW DON (5.8 ± 2.0 ‰). Obviously, the marine DON emission should be considered in model and field work while assessing the net atmospheric WSON deposition in the open ocean. This is the first hand parallel dataset for isotopic compositions of marine DON and aerosol Nr, more studies are required to explore the complicated processes of sources and deposition of Nr to advance our knowledge of the anthropogenic influence on marine nitrogen cycle and nitrogen exchanges through the land–ocean and the air–sea interface.

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