scholarly journals Tar Removal from Gasification/Pyrolysis by Emulsion Liquid Membrane: A Short Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Adhi Kusumastuti ◽  
Samsudin Anis ◽  
Nur Qudus
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Energy Economics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Tar Removal ◽  
Emulsion Formulation ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Removal Studies ◽  
By Products

Tar is among undesirable by-products of producer gas generated from gasification/pyrolysis of biomass. Due to the erosive and corrosive characteristics of tar, a number of tar removal studies have been done. However, considering tar availability in deficient concentration, a highly selective and energy economics method is of importance. Emulsion liquid membrane is a choice of selective and economics method. Some studies on tar removal using emulsion liquid membrane were reported. Information about definition and transport mechanism of emulsion liquid membrane was given. Effects of emulsion formulation on tar removal were described. Effects of some operating conditions in permeation process on tar removal were also presented. The study found that types and concentration of surfactant and diluent as well as emulsification methods need to be properly considered for better result. Whereas permeation speed, volume ratio, and equipment used greatly affect the emulsion breaking and tar removal efficiency. Considering low emulsion breaking, application of Taylor-Couette column as the permeation equipment for further tar removal study is proposed.

ENHANCING TEXTILE DYE REMOVAL IN EMULSION LIQUID MEMBRANE SYSTEM USING TAYLOR COUETTE COLUMN

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhi Kusumastuti ◽  
A. L. Ahmad ◽  
Rodia Syamwil ◽  
Samsudin Anis
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Taylor Couette

Although textile dyes is basically available in very low concentration (10-200 ppm); it should be removed due to the toxicity to human body and environment. Among the existing methods, emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is a promising method by providing high interfacial area and the ability to remove a very low concentration of the solute. The optimal emulsions were produced using commercially supplied homogeniser. Initially, methylene blue in simulated wastewater was extracted using a Taylor-Couette column. Methylene blue concentration was determined using spectrophotometer. Complete extraction was performed in the designed column. The research obtained optimal extraction efficiency of about 99% at external phase pH of 10, carrier concentration of 9 wt. %, HCl concentration of 0.5 M, initial feed concentration of 20 ppm, volume ratio of emulsion to feed phase of 1:5, extraction time of 5 min, and extraction speed of 600 rpm. 

CADMIUM REMOVAL USING VEGETABLE OIL BASED EMULSION LIQUID MEMBRANE (ELM): MEMBRANE BREAKAGE INVESTIGATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Ahmad ◽  
M. M. H. Shah Buddin ◽  
B. S. Ooi ◽  
Adhi Kusumastuti
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Aliquat 336 ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Cadmium Removal ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
External Phase ◽  
Span 80

The aim of this research is to quantify the occurrence of membrane breakage in vegetable oil based Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM). Basically, ELM consists of three main phases; internal, external and membrane. In this work, the membrane phase was prepared by dissolving Span 80 as surfactant and Aliquat 336 as carrier in commercial grade corn oil. As a way to promote sustainable development, vegetable oil which is environmentally benign diluent was incorporated in the formulation of ELM. The influence of several important parameters towards membrane breakage were studied. They are carrier and surfactant concentration, W/O volume ratio, emulsification time, internal phase concentration as well as stirring speed. Based on the data obtained, emulsion prepared using 4 wt% Aliquat 336 and 3 wt% Span 80 resulted in the most stable emulsion with only 0.05% membrane breakage. The emulsion was produced using W/O volume ratio of 1/3 and it was homogenized with the assistance of ultrasound for 15 min. Moreover, emulsion produced able to provide a fair balance between emulsion stability and Cd(II) permeability as it able to remove 98.20% Cd(II) ions from the external phase. 

Design of Intelligent Network to Predicate Phenol Removal from Waste Water by Emulsion Liquid Membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 1021 ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Suheila Abd Alreda Akkar ◽  
Sawsan Abd Muslim Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Training Algorithms ◽  
Membrane Phase ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane

This research introduced Intelligent Network's proposed design for predicting efficiency in the removal of phenol from wastewater by liquid membrane emulsion. In the inner phase of W / O emulsions, phenol extraction from an aqueous solution was investigated using emulsion liquid membrane prepared with kerosene as a membrane phase, Span 80 as a surfactant, and NaOH as a stripping agent. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of three emulsion composition variables, namely: surfactant concentration, membrane phase to-internal (VM / VI) volume ratio, and removal phase concentration in the internal phase, and two process parameters, feed phase agitation speed at organic acid extraction rates, and emulsion-to-feed volume ratio (VE / VF). More than 98% of phenol can be extracted in less than 5 minutes. This article describes compares the performance of different learning algorithms such as GD, RB, GDM, GDX, CG, and LM to predict the efficiency of phenol removal from wastewater through the liquid emulsion membrane. The proposed neural network consisted of (7, 11, 1) neurons in the input , hidden and output layers respectively feed forward ANN with various types of back propagation training algorithms were developed to model the emulsion liquid membrane removal of phenols. The values predicted for the neural network model are found in close agreement with the results of the batch experiment using MATLAB program with a correlation coefficient ( R2) of 0.999 and Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.004.

scholarly journals Efficient removal of Indigo dye from aqueous solution by an innovative method of emulsion liquid membrane

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (06) ◽  
pp. 472-477
Author(s):  
QURESHI BRAJA FAHAD ◽  
QURESHI KHADIJA ◽  
KHATRI ZEESHAN ◽  
MALIK SAMANDER ALI ◽  
RAJPUT A. WAQAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Double Emulsion ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Indigo Dye ◽  
Two Phases

Extraction of Indigo dye from aqueous solution is studied in this research using Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM). Water/Oil (W/O) emulsion was prepared by mixing aqueous phase with organic phase at an elevated homogenizing speed. H2SO4 and Hexane were used as internal stripping agent and organic diluent respectively. Monooleate Sorbitan commonly known as Span-80 was used as surfactant in organic phase. This W/O emulsion was later mixed with external feed phase containing Indigo dye to make W/O/W double emulsion. Stability of the membrane was optimized by experimenting different operating parameters. The ELM prepared under the optimum conditions was finally used to remove Indigo dye from aqueous solution. The parametric study of the process parameters affecting the extraction efficiency was also performed. Under optimum conditions of parameters like volume ratio of emulsion/feed, dye concentration in feed, stirring speed and contact time of two phases, the extraction of Indigo dye was found to be 99%. Therefore, ELM was found to be an attractive and effective technique for the removal of dyes.

scholarly journals Optimization of Emulsion Liquid Membrane for Lead Separation from Aqueous Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2068-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Fouad ◽  
F. Ahmad ◽  
K. Abdelrahman
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Lead Extraction ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Phase Concentration ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Agitation Time

This study focuses on evaluating the process parameters and their effects on extraction of lead as well as emulsion breaking. The Signal / Noise ratios have been used to study the performance characteristics. Six parameters affecting extraction by emulsion liquid membrane, namely, TOPO, Span80, and internal phase concentration, feed/emulsion ratio, agitation time and feed pH have been optimized with considerations to lead extraction and emulsion breaking. The standardized effects of the independent variables and their interactions were tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limits (α= 0.05) and Pareto chart. The use of the optimal values of these parameters has been proved useful in maximizing the extraction efficiency and minimizing the emulsion breakage. TOPO concentration of 0.1498 M, Span 80 concentration of 3.007 v%, Internal phase concentration of 0.183 M, Feed/emulsion volume ratio of 1.407, agitation time of 30 minutes, and feed pH of 5 are determined as the optimum parameters.

scholarly journals Study on Mg2+ removal from ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution by an emulsion liquid membrane

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
JianHong Luo ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Bao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Initial Ph

Mg2+is extracted from ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) solution by an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) using mono-(2-ethylhexyl) 2-ethylhexyl phosphonate (HEHPEHE)as a carrier, sulfonated liquid polybutadiene (LYF) as a surfactant and kerosene as a solvent. To study the extraction efficiency and advantages of the ELM process in the separation of Mg2+,the effects of various operating conditions on the extraction -HEHPEHE volume fraction, reaction temperature, treat ratio (emulsion phase / external phase), phase ratio (membrane phase / internal phase), agitation speed, extraction time, internal phase concentration, surfactant LYF concentration and initial pH of NH4H2PO4 solution are experimentally investigated and discussed. The results show that Mg2+ in NH4H2PO4 solution can be effectively removed by the ELM process. An extraction efficiency of more than 83.1% is attained at the optimized parameters and superior-grade NH4H2PO4can be obtained by two levels of extraction.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of Emulsion Liquid Membrane Formulation on Acetaminophen Removal from the Aqueous Phase

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Latif Ahmad ◽  
Zulfida Mohamad Hafis Mohd Shafie ◽  
Nur Dina Zaulkiflee ◽  
Wen Yu Pang
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Stable Emulsion ◽  
Membrane Phase ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Feed Phase ◽  
Hcl Concentration ◽  
Membrane Components

The aim of this study is to develop an Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) system for the extraction of acetaminophen (ACTP). Firstly, ELM was formulated by the screening of liquid membrane components where the compatibility of diluent with other membrane phase components was investigated. The chosen carrier, diluent and stripping solution must comply with the reaction at the interface of the membrane to support the simultaneous processes of extraction and stripping. Therefore, parameters such as stripping agent concentration, volume ratio, initial concentration of feed phase and HCl concentration were investigated. A stable emulsion and maximum acetaminophen removal efficiency of 85% was achieved.

Carrier Assisted Emulsion Liquid Membrane Process for Recovery of Basic Dye from Wastewater using Continuous Extractor

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norasikin Othman ◽  
Ooi Zing-Yi ◽  
Norlisa Harruddin ◽  
Raja Norimie ◽  
Norela Jusoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Membrane Phase ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
Dye Extraction

Nowadays, water pollution has become major issue especially dye contaminated wastewaters from the textile industry. Dye causes serious environmental pollution and health problems. The removal of color from dye-contaminated wastewaters in the related industries becomes a major concern all over the world. In this research, several parameters of dye extraction and recovery in the continuous emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process were investigated. This process consisted of three phases which are external (feed) phase, membrane phase and internal phase. The membrane phase was prepared by dissolving extractant bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and hydrophobic surfactant sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) in kerosene as diluents. The internal phase consisted of an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The important parameters governing the extraction process of dye such as stirring speed, initial dye concentration, Span 80 concentration and treat ratio (volume ratio of emulsion to external phase) were studied. The results showed that the optimum condition for 25ppm initial concentration of dye extraction are 250 rpm stirring speed, 5% (w/v) Span 80 and treat ratio 1:5. At this condition, the percentage of dye extraction, stripping and recovery were 98%, 82% and 81% respectively. Hence, continuous ELM technique is proven to be a very promising technique in industrial wastewater treatment and recovery of dye.

Separation of Ni(II) from Nickel-Containing Wastewater in an Emulsion Liquid Membrane System with P507 as Carrier

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 837-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Quan Jiang ◽  
Jiang Nan Zeng ◽  
Yu De Liu ◽  
Wen Long Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Span 80

An effective emulsion liquid membrane system with P507 as carrier, Span-80 as surfactant and H2SO4 as internal aqueous phase was established to treat Ni(Ⅱ)-containing wastewater. The effects of volume fraction of Span-80 in the oil phase(φ(Span-80)), emulsifying stirring speed(ν1), separation stirring speed(ν2), volume fraction of P507(φ(P507)), volume ratio of oil phase to internal phase(Roi), milk phase to water phase(Rew) and concentration of H2SO4 in internal aqueous phase on Ni(Ⅱ) migrating rate have been investigated in the course of migrating of nickel ions in the system. The optimal operation conditions were determined to be: φ(Span-80)=8.5%,ν1 =3600 r·min-1,ν2 =320 r·min-1, φ(P507)=6.5%, Roi =1:1, Rew =2:5 and c（H2SO4）=1.6 mol·L-1 ,under which the migrating rate of nickel ions reached above 97%.

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