scholarly journals Improving Energy Efficiency in Supermarkets by Retrofitting Low-E Glass Doors for Open Refrigeration Systems with Digital Semi Hermetic Compressor

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Piyanut Saengsikhiao ◽  
Juntakan Taweekun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Evaporator Temperature ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Hermetic Compressor

This research will be presenting energy efficiency improvement options by retrofitting doors for open refrigeration systems in Central Thailand supermarkets that open during the daytime (06:00 am – 06:00 pm), and are closed during the night-time (00:00 am – 6:00 am). The materials and methods used consisted of 15 open refrigeration cabinets with 82 retrofitted doors supported by 41 frames, with the temperature set at medium. The power consumption was indicated in kW, kWh through a power meter data logger for analysis and summarization. The investment required was €21,694 /store, while the payback period of this research was determined to be at 14 months. The cost of energy savings was found to be within a period of 1.1 years, at the rate of 192,220 kWh/year or €18,503 annually. The retrofitted doors is expected to reduce the cooling load and over-burdening of the compressor. The research found that the most viable solution was to use a digital semi-hermetic compressor that can operate in unload and full load status, that was being controlled by the evaporator temperature (TEV) which was set at -10 degree, the condenser temperature (TCD) set at 38 degrees, and the superheat temperature (TSH) at 10 degrees. In the unload status, the power consumption of the digital semi hermetic compressor will decrease by 50%, which has a significant impact for energy savings and is important for night-time when low cooling load is required whereby the compressor’s multiple start–stop cycles are not required. The investment for a digital semi-hermetic compressor was determined to be €7,800/store, and is able to yield energy savings of up to 26,890 kWh/year, or €2,589 annually, with a payback period of 2.9 years.

scholarly journals Improving Energy Efficiency in the Supermarket by Retrofitting Low E Glass Doors for Open Refrigerated

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Piyanut Saengsikhiao ◽  
Juntakan Taweekun ◽  
Kittinan Maliwan ◽  
Somchai Sae-ung ◽  
Thanansak Theppaya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Customer Behavior ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Central Thailand ◽  
Consumption Saving

This research presents the improving energy efficiency by retrofitting doors for open refrigerated in central Thailand supermarkets that open in the daytime (06.00 am - 6:00 pm) and close in night-time (00.00 am – 6:00 am). The Materials and Methods were open refrigerated 15 cabinet and retrofitting doors for open refrigerated that 41 frames, 82 doors in medium temperature refrigeration system and measure power consumption kW, kWh by power meter data logger for analysis and summarize. The power consumption saving average per 7 days for retrofitting doors was 576 kWh/day, 39.67% that daytime 418 kWh/day, 41.93%, and night-time 116 kWh/day, 33.24%. Besides, the energy of day time more than night time because 1) The time of opening store is longer than closing store 2) In the night time, the refrigerated will close by plastic curtain 3) The request cooling load of day time is longer than day time 4) The sale area/ambient temperature of night time more than day time but the humidity was contrasted. Before retrofitting doors, the maximum and minimum of power consumption was 83.25 kw/hour and 44.73 kw/hour, respectively. Also, the power consumption swing at 38.52 kw/hour, 46.72%, and the maximum and minimum of power consumption after retrofitting doors was 33.15 kw/hour and 30.19 kw/hour, respectively. The power consumption swing at 2.96 kw/hour, 8.93%. In addition, the power consumption swing will after be retrofitting doors will less than before retrofitting doors by 1) The average cooling load will be the same as bolt conditions 2) The request cooling load of doors refrigerated will less than by product load, the swing of sale area temperature and humidity, customer behavior that effect power condition will have the low running operation. This research's investment was 21,694 €, while the payback period of this research was 14 months. Besides, within 1.1 years, that energy saving was 16,020 kWh/Month or 1,542 €/Month, 16,020 kWh/month or 192,220 kWh/Year or 18,503 €/Year.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency Improvement Solutions for Supermarkets by Low-E Glass Door and Digital Semi-Hermetic Compressor

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3134
Author(s):  
Piyanut Saengsikhiao ◽  
Juntakan Taweekun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Saving Rate ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Glass Door ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hermetic Compressor

This research presents an energy efficiency improvement solution for supermarkets with the use of low-E glass doors for open refrigerators and a digital semi-hermetic compressor to fix the speed of semi-hermetic compressors. The impact of a door’s installation causes its load to be reduced by 40%, and the compressor shuts down frequently, which decreases its lifetime. In order to ensure that energy-saving solutions do not affect maintenance costs, the installation of a digital semi-hermetic compressor is proposed to lower costs and save energy. Our economic results from tests carried out at a 3000 square meter supermarket, which was open from 6:00 am to 12:00 am and in which we installed 82 doors on 15 open refrigerators, showed a 1.1-year payback period with an energy saving rate of 192,220 kWh/year for store No.1 (R22) and in which we installed 80 doors on 15 open refrigerators, showed a 1.4-year payback period with an energy saving rate of 171,185 kWh/year for store No.2 (R404A). The energy-saving effects of the digital semi-hermetic compressor, which fixes the speed of the semi-compressor and solves the problem of impact from fridge door installation, showed a 2.9-year payback period with an energy saving rate of 26,890 kWh/year for store No.1 (R22) and showed a 2.9-year payback period with an energy saving rate of 26,571 kWh/year for store No.2 (R404A). The results of store No.1 (R22) and store No.2 (R404A) showed no differences. This research is an extension of an energy-saving project that can be carried out on a continuous basis, increasing the efficiency of energy use and being a sustainable source of energy conservation.

scholarly journals Improving the economic performances of the beet-sugar industry

2008 ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Prodanic ◽  
Aleksandar Jokic ◽  
Jelena Markovic ◽  
Zoltan Zavargo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Considerable Saving ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement

General trend of free trade at the regional level as well as in the direction of European Union has motivated sugar factories located in Serbia to invest into technologies that are more efficient in order to make their products more competitive in the markets of Europe. Until 2005, the project of energy efficiency improvement in Serbian sugar factories was conducted in Crvenka and Zabalj. Now, they have energy consumption around 1 MJ/kg beet, in contrast to the previous consumption of 1.2 up to 1.5 MJ/kg beet. Further improvements are possible but investments would be high. A result of measurements taken during 2006, after the sugar factory "Donji Srem" - Pecinci was reconstructed showed that a considerable saving has been achieved. The first set of measurements showed that the energy consumption was 1.01 MJ/kg beet, which was 20% higher than intended, but at the same time energy savings were about 30% lower with respect to the values before the reconstruction.

Energy Rebound Effect in Guangdong

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3101-3106
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Xue Wen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

Since the view that energy efficiency improvement would increase rather than reduce energy consumption, so-called rebound effect, was put forward and has been the focus that is encouraging a fierce debate within mainstream economics. This paper tries to introduce an improved estimation model by efficiency share decomposed from energy intensity, based on IPAT equation to estimate the rebound effect of three major regions in Guangdong, together with redistricting Guangdong applying hierarchical clustering analysis. The result shows the average rebound effect of low-intensity high-yield area, high-intensity low-yield area, and low-intensity low-yield area, is 17.91%, 10.82% and 8.10%, correspondingly. While the empirical study provides support of existence of rebound effect, it does suggest we should not only rely on improving energy efficiency, but also using market instruments such as resources taxes, to reinforce the energy savings.

Energy Efficiency in K-12 Schools: A Case Study in Florida

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Doiphode ◽  
Hamidreza Najafi ◽  
Mariana Migliori Favaretto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
The United States ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
K 12

Abstract Buildings are one of the largest energy consumers in the United States. K-12 schools are responsible for nearly 8% of energy consumption by commercial buildings which is equivalent to 1.44% of total annual energy consumption in the country. Understanding the baseline energy consumption of the schools as well as identifying effective energy efficiency measures (EEMs) that result in significant energy savings without compromising occupant’s comfort in a given climate condition are essential factors in moving towards a sustainable future. In a collaboration between Florida Institute of Technology and Brevard Public Schools, three schools are identified for a test study in Melbourne, FL, representing the humid subtropical climate. Energy audit is conducted for these schools and monthly utility bill data as well as background information, end-user’s data and their associated operating schedules are obtained. A detailed analysis is performed on the utility bill data and energy consumption by each end-user is estimated. Several EEMs are considered and evaluated to achieve an improved energy efficiency for the schools. The implementation cost of each EEM and the associated simple payback period is also determined. A study is also conducted to explore possibility of using solar power to cover 50% of energy requirements of each school and the cost and payback period of the project are evaluated. The results of this paper provide insights regarding prioritizing energy efficiency projects in K-12 schools in humid subtropical climates and particularly the state of Florida and help with decision making regarding investment in on-site power generation using solar energy.

Optimization of WWTP aeration process upgrades for energy efficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Bell ◽  
S. Abel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Control ◽  
Treatment Facilities

The volatility of energy prices, desire to improve sustainability, recently proposed legislation, and energy-efficiency project funding have created big opportunities to improve energy and operation efficiency at most water and wastewater facilities. One mechanism of developing these opportunities is through energy management planning. Focusing on wastewater treatment, the majority of electrical energy demand is required for the delivery of air to provide oxygen for biological treatment of waste streams and mixing to suspend solids within process units. Aeration processes can account for 60 percent or more of the overall power consumption at a wastewater treatment plant. Consequently, the recent introduction of direct-drive, high-speed, turbo blowers to the wastewater market has been of great interest with respect to potential energy savings, as well as other ancillary benefits. Given the significant power consumption required by aeration systems at wastewater treatment facilities, demonstration investigations have been conducted to identify the magnitude of energy savings that wastewater treatment facilities could expect. These studies have shown that energy savings in excess of 35 percent can easily be achieved by replacing existing conventional blower technology with direct-drive turbo blowers. Even greater energy savings are anticipated if other process upgrades, such as automatic dissolved oxygen control, is implemented. This paper provides background information on turbo-blower technology and specific findings from demonstration studies in the United States (U.S.).

scholarly journals Numerical approach to solar ejector-compression refrigeration system

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 949-952
Author(s):  
Hui-Fan Zheng ◽  
Shu-Qing Guo ◽  
Yin-Long Chen ◽  
Cong-Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Evaporator Temperature ◽  
Maximal Energy ◽  
Middle Temperature ◽  
Minimal Power Consumption

A model was established for solar ejector-compression refrigeration system. The influence of generator temperature, middle-temperature, and evaporator temperature on the performance of the refrigerant system was analyzed. An optimal generator temperature is found for maximal energy efficiency ratio and minimal power consumption.

scholarly journals Measures to Achieve the Energy Efficiency Improvement Targets in the Multi-Apartment Residential Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
M. Upitis ◽  
I. Amolina ◽  
I. Geipele ◽  
N. Zeltins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Energy Management Systems ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement

AbstractDirective (EU) 2018/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency sets a target of 32.5 % energy efficiency to be achieved by 2030, with a possible upward revision in 2023. The directive also stipulates that the obligation to achieve annual energy savings must continue to be met after 2020. In addition, a revised directive on the energy performance of buildings was adopted in May 2018. It includes measures to speed up the renovation of buildings and the transition to more energy-efficient systems, as well as to improve the energy efficiency of new buildings, thus using smart energy management systems [1].Buildings consume the most energy and have the greatest energy saving potential. They are therefore crucial to achieving the European Union’s energy saving targets. The EU allocated around 14 billion EUR to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in the period of 2014–2020, of which 4.6 billion EUR was intended for residential buildings. In addition, the Member States have earmarked 5.4 billion EUR of public co-financing for the improvement of all types of buildings, of which around 2 billion EUR is allocated to residential buildings.Multi-apartment residential buildings in Latvia are in a technically unsatisfactory condition. In Latvia, the service life of multi-apartment residential buildings has been artificially extended. In addition, there is also the problem of reduced construction quality. Housing problems affect all layers of society, but they are most acute for low- and middle-income people.The aim of the research is to study, using the co-financing of the European Union Structural Funds, the activities performed during the renovation process of multi-apartment residential buildings in Latvia and to identify the shortcomings.

Energy efficiency improvement of cane sugar factories by drying of bagasse with superheated steam

2013 ◽  
pp. 393-397
Author(s):  
Boris Morgenroth ◽  
Druce Batstone
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Generation Plant ◽  
Sugar Plant

Bagasse drying with superheated steam offers the advantage of producing approximately 15% more power than with a conventional co-generation plant. Based on a fibre content of 14% on cane a power export of up to 140 kWh/t cane is achievable compared to 122 kWh/t cane in case of a conventional highly efficient co-generation plant. The operational results of a 12 t/h bagasse drier in Australia are briefly described and a concept of integrating a bagasse steam drier system in a modern highly energy efficient cane sugar plant is explained. This encompasses changes in the boiler capacity, turbogenerators and evaparation plant lay-out. Based on power export prices in the range of USD50–85/MWh the payback period of a bagasse steam drier system can be estimated with 3–6 years.

scholarly journals The Environmental Impact Reduction obtained by implementing an Energy Management System. The advantages of using Energy Management and Energy Savings Standards when performing Industrial Energy Audits

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Mircea Scripcariu ◽  
Ioan Sevastian Bitir-Istrate ◽  
Cristian Gheorghiu ◽  
Aida Maria Neniu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Energy Audits

Energy audits are used world-wide for developing energy efficiency projects. Industrial consumers have complex energy supply, generation and distribution networks and a variety of energy use installations. Romanian industrial companies became more interested in the last years in implementing Energy Management Systems in accordance with ISO 50001 standard. This paper presents a comparison of using the current way of developing energy audits and the concepts provided by the ISO group of standards, by quantifying the environmental impact reduction generated by each methodology. Authors pointed out that current legislation does not fully match the rigors of the ISO 50001 group of standards when evaluating the Energy Baseline (EB), the Energy Performance Indicators (EPI) or the Energy Performance Improvement Actions (EPIA), thus leading to a lower global energy efficiency improvement in the hypothesis of implementing all the recommended EPIAs [1]. Identifying and developing energy efficiency measures following the recommendations of the energy management and energy savings group of standards may be more consistent and less risky for the industrial company, which in turn can lead to an overall improvement of the Carbon Footprint [2].

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