Manifest/Non-Manifest Drug Release Patterns from Polysaccharide Based Hydrogels—Case Study on Cyclodextrin—k Carrageenan Crosslinked Hydrogels

The aim of this study is to offer a comprehensive view on drug release from hydrogel, from both an experimental and a theoretical point of view. Aiming to benefit cyclodextrins’ properties (not irritant; stable; able to modify the physical, chemical and biological properties of active compounds; accessible at low prices) and those of carrageenan polysaccharide (antitumor, immunomodulatory, antihyperlipidemic, anticoagulant, biocompatibility, biodegradability), original hydrogel films based on beta cyclodextrin and kappa carrageenan using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent were prepared and characterized from morphological and physical/chemical points of view. The results (morphology, the swelling degree, and the loading/release capacity) proved their potential as carriers for different types of drugs. Further, a new theoretical model, from a multifractal paradigm of motion, was proposed for the drug release from hydrogel films, starting from the fundaments of its evolution at a microscopic level, and aiming to obtain information on system evolution, at both the spatial and temporal scales, inapproachable by quantitative measurements.

Composite Polyvinylpyrrolidone–Sodium Alginate—Hydroxyapatite Hydrogel Films for Bone Repair and Wound Dressings Applications

Today, the synthesis of biocompatible and bioresorbable composite materials such as “polymer matrix-mineral constituent,” which stimulate the natural growth of living tissues and the restoration of damaged parts of the body, is one of the challenging problems in regenerative medicine. In this study, composite films of bioresorbable polymers of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and sodium alginate (SA) with hydroxyapatite (HA) were obtained. HA was introduced by two different methods. In one of them, it was synthesized in situ in a solution of polymer mixture, and in another one, it was added ex situ. Phase composition, microstructure, swelling properties and biocompatibility of films were investigated. The crosslinked composite PVP-SA-HA films exhibit hydrogel swelling characteristics, increasing three times in mass after immersion in a saline solution. It was found that composite PVP-SA-HA hydrogel films containing HA synthesized in situ exhibited acute cytotoxicity, associated with the presence of HA synthesis reaction byproducts—ammonia and ammonium nitrate. On the other hand, the films with HA added ex situ promoted the viability of dental pulp stem cells compared to the films containing only a polymer PVP-SA blend. The developed composite hydrogel films are recommended for such applications, such as membranes in osteoplastic surgery and wound dressing.

Influence of Bentonite Nanoparticles on Properties of PVP-CMC-Gums Biodegradable Hydrogel Films for Biomedical Applications

Using polymer daily becomes increasingly extensive; the many characteristics of hydrogel lead to a wide range of uses, particularly in biomedical applications. Hydrogel films were made from a variety of materials in this investigation. Casting techniques and room temperature drying were used to make PVP- CMC- Gums films based on hydrogels, however, the effects of adding bentonite clay were needed. SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, swelling, solubility, contact angle, and a variety of other studies were used to illustrate and analyze a variety of physical, mechanical, thermal, and many characteristics. The major findings revealed new peaks, which indicate the creation of cross-linking bonds, which are the primary cause of capsulation and release characteristics, indicating that these films might be utilized in drug delivery and a variety of other applications. The PCXB film has the best color, surface hydrophobicity, solubility, and swelling properties, while the PCGB film has the greatest biodegradability and permeability results, and both films have strong thermal, mechanical, and releasing properties. As a result, adding bentonite clay to hydrogel films improves all of their characteristics, making them suitable for a variety of biomedical applications such as dentistry root filling, tissue engineering, contact lenses, and bandages.

Development and evaluation of pH-sensitive biodegradable ternary blended hydrogel films (chitosan/guar gum/PVP) for drug delivery application

AbstractpH responsive hydrogels have gained much attraction in biomedical fields. We have formulated ternary hydrogel films as a new carrier of drug. Polyelectrolyte complex of chitosan/guar gum/polyvinyl pyrrolidone cross-linked via sodium tripolyphosphate was developed by solution casting method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were conducted to examine the interactions between the polymeric chains, surface morphology and thermal stability, respectively. The swelling tests resulted that the swelling was reduced with the increase in the concentration of crosslinker due to the more entangled arrangement and less availability of pores in hydrogels. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride was used as a model drug and its release in simulated gastric fluid, simulated intestinal fluid and phosphate buffer saline solution was studied. pH responsive behaviour of the hydrogels have subjected these hydrogels for drug release applications.