scholarly journals KONSERVASI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DI INDONESIA: REKOMENDASI PERBAIKAN UNDANG-UNDANG KONSERVASI

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samedi Samedi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Conservation Law ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
World Conservation ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Potential Use

AbstrakKekayaan Indonesia akan keanekaragaman hayati dengan komponen-komponennyamerupakan masa depan umat manusia sebagai sumber ketahanan pangan, kesehatan dan bahkan energi. Dengan potensi ini,Indonesia wajib melakukan upaya konservasi beserta legislasi yang efektif untuk mengatasi laju kerusakan dan kehilangan keaneragaman hayati yang telah mencapai tingkat yang sangat mengkhawatirkan.Tulisan ini membahas mengenai peran hukum dan kerangka hukum konservasi di Indonesia,utamanya kemampuan undang-undang konservasi dalam penyelamatan sumber daya alam hayati, serta saran perbaikan terhadap undang-undang yang saat ini ada.Saat ini kerangka hukum nasional konservasi keanekaragaman hayati berpusat pada Undang-UndangNo. 5Tahun 1990yang mengadopsi World Conservation Strategy IUCN tahun 1980 yang di tingkat internasional telah mengalami perubahan-perubahan mendasar. Terlepas dari keberhasilan UUini, diantaranya dengan mencadangkan lebih dari 25 juta ha ekosistem daratan dan lautan ke dalam sistem kawasan yang dilindungi (protected areas), undang-undang ini mengandung berbagai kelemahan untuk penerapannya saat ini dan perlu segera direvisi, termasuk harmonisasi yang mendalam dengan undang-undang terkait agar dapat dilaksanakan secara efektif di lapangan.  AbstractBiodiversity and its components: genetic resources, species and ecosystem with actual or potential use values to humanity is the future for the survival of humankind. With this potential, it is essential for Indonesia to conserve these resources equipped with effective national legislation to stop and reverse the unprecendented rate of biodiversity loss. This paper aims to discuss the conservation legal framework in Indonesia and the capability of the conservation law to halt unprecedented biodiversity loss and suggested revision for this law.The current legal framework for biodiversity conservation stems on the Act No 5 of 1990 which adopts World Conservation Strategy of IUCN 1980. Under the current framework,  more than 25 million hectares of terrestrial and marine areas have been totally protected within protected areas systems. However, this centralistic law has some weaknesses to be effectively implemented at the current contexts. This law needs substantial revision and harmonization with other laws in order to make the implementation effective.

scholarly journals Are Valuable and Representative Natural Habitats Sufficiently Protected? Application of Marxan model in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Ondřej Cudlín ◽  
Vilém Pechanec ◽  
Jan Purkyt ◽  
Karel Chobot ◽  
Luca Salvati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Conservation Targets ◽  
Percent Area

The joint impact of human activities and climate change on natural resources lead to biodiversity loss. Therefore, it is important to select protected areas through systematic conservation planning. The present study assessed how representative natural habitats are protected under the nature conservation network, and to identify new—but so far insufficiently—protected areas containing these habitats for sustainable management. We used the Marxan model to select the most valuable insufficiently protected natural habitats in the Czech Republic as a representative example for a conservation strategy for Central–Eastern European environments. We set three conservation targets (25%, 50%, and 75%), defining how much percent area of valuable representative natural habitats should be added to the area of the habitats already included in the Nature Protection Network. To implement these conservation targets it is necessary to preserve 22,932 ha, 72,429, ha and 124,363 ha respectively of the conservation targets occurring in the insufficiently protected areas, and 17,255 ha, 51,620 ha, and 84,993 ha respectively of the conservation features in the areas without protection status. Marxan was revealed to be an appropriate tool to select the most valuable and insufficiently protected natural habitats for sustainable management.

scholarly journals Autonomous Marine Robot Based on AI Recognition for Permanent Surveillance in Marine Protected Areas

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2664
Author(s):  
J. Carlos Molina-Molina ◽  
Marouane Salhaoui ◽  
Antonio Guerrero-González ◽  
Mounir Arioua
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Autonomous Surface Vehicle ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Marine Areas

The world’s oceans are one of the most valuable sources of biodiversity and resources on the planet, although there are areas where the marine ecosystem is threatened by human activities. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are distinctive spaces protected by law due to their unique characteristics, such as being the habitat of endangered marine species. Even with this protection, there are still illegal activities such as poaching or anchoring that threaten the survival of different marine species. In this context, we propose an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) model system for the surveillance of marine areas by detecting and recognizing vessels through artificial intelligence (AI)-based image recognition services, in search of those carrying out illegal activities. Cloud and edge AI computing technologies were used for computer vision. These technologies have proven to be accurate and reliable in detecting shapes and objects for which they have been trained. Azure edge and cloud vision services offer the best option in terms of accuracy for this task. Due to the lack of 4G and 5G coverage in offshore marine environments, it is necessary to use radio links with a coastal base station to ensure communications, which may result in a high response time due to the high latency involved. The analysis of on-board images may not be sufficiently accurate; therefore, we proposed a smart algorithm for autonomy optimization by selecting the proper AI technology according to the current scenario (SAAO) capable of selecting the best AI source for the current scenario in real time, according to the required recognition accuracy or low latency. The SAAO optimizes the execution, efficiency, risk reduction, and results of each stage of the surveillance mission, taking appropriate decisions by selecting either cloud or edge vision models without human intervention.

scholarly journals Guidelines for Marine Protected Areas

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Mark Westera
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Broad Application

Guidelines to marine protected areas is a collation of efforts from the IUCN, NOAA and Cardiff University, among others. It is aimed at managers and would be managers of marine parks, but will also be of use to anyone involved in the Marine Protected Area (MPA) process from conceptual planning to establishment, monitoring and management. Its broad application takes into account the hurdles that a manager is likely to encounter. There are nine sections, an introduction, an evaluation of the legal framework required to successfully establish MPAs, a discussion on dealing with all the relevant parties, involving communities and other stakeholders, site selection, planning and managing MPAs, zoning, evaluating economic aspect and financial sustainability, and finally a section on research, monitoring and review. Boxes are used throughout the text within each chapter to summarize important points and make for quick reference to the topic of that chapter.

Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria: The “Awareness” Imperative

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Foluke Ogunleye
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
World Conservation ◽  
The World ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Stockholm Conference ◽  
Nations Environment

The practice of treating the environment with disdain has gradually become unfashionable. Yet in many developing nations, Nigeria among them, environmental education and awareness campaigns remain something regarded as unnecessary. According to Berry (1993: 158):The term “sustainable development” has become a shibboleth of governments and industries, to present a respectful image to a society that is becoming even more strident in its concern for the environment. It is a concept that was projected onto the world by the Stockholm Conference of 1972, and has been carried ever since by the United Nations Environment Programs (UNEP), the World Conservation Union (IUCN), and the World Wildlife Fund for nature (WWF) in their world conservation strategy. It has the ring of truth and worldwide acceptance, but it is poorly understood by those who use it.

Sustaining Development of Environmental Education in National Political and Curriculum Priorities

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 115-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Greenall Gough
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
World Conservation ◽  
Environmental Education Policy

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between national economic and political priorities and environmental education policy formulation and curriculum strategies. This relationship will be placed in the historical context of developments in environmental education in Australia from 1970 until the present and will be analysed in terms of the ideological and pedagogical stances implicit, and explicit, in the developments during this period. I will argue that the emphasis throughout the period has been to sustain the development of environmental education without any questioning of why, what and how this development should occur.‘Sustainable development’ has become a slogan for governments, industry and conservation groups in recent times. It was the subtitle for the World Conservation Strategy (IUCN 1980) and the National Conservation Strategy for Australia (DHAE 1984) - living resource conservation for sustainable development - and was popularised in the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, more commonly known as the Brundtland Report or Our Common Future (WCED 1987). The definition of sustainable development given in the World Conservation Strategy (IUCN 1980: section 1.3) and repeated in the National Conservation Strategy for Australia (DHAE 1984: 12) is as follows:Development is…the modification of the biosphere and the application of human, financial, living and non-living resources to satisfy human needs and improve the quality of human life. For development to be sustainable it must take account of social and ecological factors, as well as economic ones; of the living and nonliving resource base; and of the long term as well as the short term advantages and disadvantages of alternative actions.

scholarly journals Achieving mangrove conservation and sustainable use in Mexico through community-based Management Units for Wildlife Conservation within and beyond Protected Areas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Fajardo ◽  
Ignacio Valdez Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Alternative Scheme

Mangroves are valuable socio-ecological ecosystems that provide vital goods and services to millions of people, including wood, a renewable natural capital, which is the primary source of energy and construction material for several coastal communities in developing countries. Unfortunately, mangrove loss and degradation occur at alarming rates. Regardless of the protection and close monitoring of mangrove ecosystems in Mexico during the last two decades, mangrove degradation and the loss of biodiversity is still ongoing. In some regions, unregulated and unsustainable mangrove wood harvesting are important causes of degradation. In this context, community-based mangrove forestry through Management Units for Wildlife Conservation could be a cost-effective alternative scheme to manage and conserve mangrove forests, their ecosystem services and biological diversity within and beyond protected areas while providing sustainable local livelihoods and helping reduce illegal logging. The objective of the Management Units is to promote alternative means of production with the rational and planned use of renewable resources based on Management Plans. If implemented with a multidisciplinary perspective that incorporates scientific assessments this conservation strategy may contribute to achieving national and international environmental and biodiversity agreements providing multiple social, ecological and economic benefits from local to global scales.

scholarly journals ESTADO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN EVALUATIVA EN EL CASO DE LAS ÁREAS MARINAS PROTEGIDAS DE MÉXICO

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
M. G. Rivera ◽  
P. Del Monte-Luna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
National Commission ◽  
National Council ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Sociedad Civil ◽  
Marine Areas

La Investigación Evaluativa (IE) se originó en el siglo XVII, pero surgió como disciplina formal en la década de 1970. La IE consiste en la aplicación de métodos de las ciencias sociales a la evaluación de actividades humanas específicas. La IE puede ser de diseño experimental, cuasi-experimental o no-experimental y debe reunir 10 puntos básicos entre los que destacan, la planeación y evaluación. En México han existido esfuerzos por evaluar programas de desarrollo social desde 1917 y actualmente esta labor la realiza el Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política Social. A nivel nacional, la evaluación del desempeño para todos los programas públicos es obligatoria. La IE es indispensable en materia de administración de recursos naturales; sin embargo, los trabajos publicados sobre este tópico son escasos. Respecto a las Áreas Marinas Protegidas (AMP), consideradas como instrumento universal de conservación de ecosistemas, la evaluación de los programas para implementarlas se lleva a cabo a nivel internacional mediante diversas metodologías. La evaluación de AMP se aplica con la finalidad de mejorar su gestión y desempeño en cuanto al cumplimiento de metas y objetivos (manejo adaptativo). En México, la evaluación de las AMP está a cargo de la Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP), pero los métodos para realizarla son poco eficientes y se carece de la capacidad técnica para hacer las evaluaciones. Para subsanar esta carencia, se requiere fortalecer la capacidad de evaluación dentro de la administración de las AMP con el apoyo de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil y el sector académico. La adecuada evaluación de las AMP en México permitirá practicar un verdadero manejo adaptativo, cumplimentar los objetivos de implementación y, sobre todo, una clara rendición de cuentas a la sociedad acerca de su eficiencia como instrumento de manejo de recursos naturales. A review on the evaluation research of protected marine areas in Mexico Evaluation Research (ER) has its origins in the XVII century but emerges as a formal discipline in 1970. ER consists on the application of techniques used in social sciences to evaluate specific human activities. The ER design may be experimental, quasi experimental or non-experimental and must contain at least 10 basic points where the planning and evaluation are particularly important. In Mexico there have been efforts to evaluate the programs of social development since 1917. Currently, this task is performed by the National Council for Social Policy Evaluation and the assessment of all social programs is compulsory. Regarding to the administration of natural resources, ER is essential; however, papers published on the subject are scarce. In order to improve the management of the Marine Protected Areas (MPA) and to assess the level on which the goals and objectives has been reached (Adaptive Management) the ER is applied to evaluate the implementation of MPAs using different methodologies. In Mexico, the National Commission of Natural Protected Areas is in charge of the evaluation of the MPAs; however, the methods used have proven little effective and lack of technical capacity. In the MPAs to do such assessments it is necessary to reinforce the evaluation capacity within the administration of MPA supported by civil organizations and academy. Proper assessment of MPAs in Mexico will allow the practice of a true adaptive management, to meet the implementation objectives and, above all, a clear accountability to the society on the effectiveness of MPA as a tool for natural resources management.

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