scholarly journals Changes during 15 years succession of the ground beetle fauna (Carabidae) after the conversion from conventional to organic farming on Ritzerau Manor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Irmler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Sind Eine ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Die Arbeit stellt die Ergebnisse aus 15 Jahren Unter­suchungen an Laufkäfern nach der Umstellung vom konventionellen auf ökologischen Landbau auf Hof Ritzerau (südöstliches Schleswig-Holstein, Deutsch­land) für die erfassten Laufkäferarten im Einzelnen sowie die Entwicklung der Artenvielfalt zusammen. Die Entwicklung der Laufkäferarten lässt sich nach verschiedenen ökologischen Gruppen einteilen. Zu unterscheiden sind Arten, die während der Sukzession mit ihren Mengen zurückgehen oder sich aus den Äckern in randliche Bereiche in die Nähe ihrer Quellhabitate zurückziehen. Dazu gehören häufige Arten des konventionellen Land­baus, z.B. Pterostichus melanarius, und Arten, die Beschattung benötigen und vornehmlich aus Wäldern stammen, z.B. Carabus coriaceus. Aus den ökologischen Gruppen der Arten des Offen­landes, z.B. wärmebegünstigtes und oligotrophes Grasland oder Heiden, sind eine Vielzahl an Arten eingewandert oder haben sich auf den ökologischen Äckern stark vermehrt und ausgebrei­tet. Auch auf Arten aus Grünbrachen trifft dies zu. Außerdem haben sich charakteristische Arten ökologisch bewirtschafteter Äcker oder fast ausgestorbene Arten, die früher in Äckern häufig waren, neu angesiedelt (z.B. Zabrus tenebrioides) und zum Teil stark vermehrt (z.B. Carabus auratus). Ferner können Arten des feuchten Grünlandes in nasseren Jahren die ökologischen Äcker nutzen, wenngleich sie sich dort nicht dauerhaft ansiedeln. Im speziellen Fall der Äcker des Ritzerauhofes können die Arten vor allem aus dem südwest­lichen Landschaftsteilen, die an trockene, offene Grünländer angrenzen oder über die hohen Bereiche des Duvenseebachtals aus dem Nordosten einwandern, während die Wälder im Nord­westen und die nassen Bereiche des südöstlichen Duvenseebaches als Barrieren wirken. Die Ent­wicklung der Artengemeinschaften im Untersuchungsgebiet hängt daher stark von den Einwanderungspforten und dem ökologischen Zustand der umliegenden Ökosysteme ab. Für die Zukunft ist eine weitere Einwanderung von Arten aus den mesotrophen Ökosystemen der Umgebung zu erwarten. Dies ist aus Sicht des Artenschutzes besonders vorteilhaft, da diese Gruppe sehr artenreich ist und außerdem eine Vielzahl gefährdeter Arten aufweist. Die Entwicklungs­analyse lässt erkennen, dass die Artenvielfalt auf den ökologisch bewirtschafteten Äckern von den Rändern zum Zentrum fortschreitet. Der Gradient zwischen Randbereichen und Zentralbe­reichen wird im Laufe der Sukzession zunehmend geringer, was sich auch positiv auf die Arten­vielfalt der Landschaft auswirkt. Danach hat der ökologische Landbau nicht nur eine aus Ge­sichtspunkten des Naturschutzes positive Wirkung auf die Ackerflächen selbst, sondern strahlt auch auf die angrenzenden Ökosysteme aus.

scholarly journals Ground beetles (Carabidae) of field margin habitats

Biologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1631-1641
Author(s):  
Janina Bennewicz ◽  
Tadeusz Barczak
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Field Margin ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus ◽  
The Status ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Anchomenus Dorsalis ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the role of field margin habitats in preserving the diversity and abundance of ground beetle assemblages, including potentially entomophagous species and those with conservation status in Poland. Research material was collected in 2006–2007 in four types of margin habitats – a forest, bushes, ditches and in two arable fields. Insects were captured into pitfalls, without preservation liquid or bait added to the traps. Traps were inspected twice a week, between May and August, and one sample was a weekly capture. In field margin habitats the most abundant species were Limodromus assimilis, Anchomenus dorsalis, Pterostichus melanarius and Carabus auratus. A lower abundance of species was noted on fields, with dominant Poecilus cupreus and P. melanarius. The group of zoophagous carabids found in our study includes 30 species from field margin habitats, i.e. 37.5% of all captured Carabidae taxa and 58.3% of all specimens. The share of aphidophagous species was 84.9% among bushes, 86.7% near ditches, and 88.0% in the forest habitat. Several species captured during the study are under protection in Poland. These include the partly protected Carabus convexus, which also has the status of near threatened species, the partly protected Calosoma auropunctatum, and Broscus cephalotes. Considering all the investigated field margin habitats, ground beetles were most numerous in the oak-hornbeam habitat, defined as bushes, formed predominantly by Prunus spinosa, Crataegus leavigata, Sambucus nigra and Rosa canina. Thus, this habitat was the most important reservoir/refugium for the ground beetles.

GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) AS PREDATORS OF THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 917-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer A.C. Hagley ◽  
W.R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Amara Aenea

AbstractPterostichus melanarius Ill. was the predominant ground beetle recovered in pitfall traps in three blocks of apple trees at Jordan Station, Ont. In one block, C, the number of mature fifth-instar larvae of Cydia pomonella (L.) seeking overwintering sites was related significantly (r2 = 0.5476, P < 0.05) to the number of P. melanarius caught, but was not related significantly (r2 = 0.1181, P > 0.10) to the proportion of beetles that were serologically positive. The proportion of larvae pupating also was not related significantly (r2 = 0.2014, P > 0.10) to the number of P. melanarius. The total number of all predators caught was related significantly (r2 = 0.4490, P < 0.05) to the number of larvae present, but the proportion of larvae that pupated was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3606, P > 0.05) to the total number of predators.In block A, in 1983–1985, the number of mature larvae of C. pomonella seeking overwintering sites was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3763, 0.3619, and 0.5042, P > 0.05, respectively) to the number of P. melanarius taken in pitfall traps. In both blocks A and B, the number of serologically positive beetles was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3824 and 0.7921, P > 0.10, respectively) to the number of larvae seeking overwintering sites.Amara aenea DeG., Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis F., Bembidion quadrimaculatum oppositum Say, Clivinia impressifrons LeC., Diplochaeila impressicolis (Dej.), Harpalus aeneus F., and Pterostichus chalcites Say also gave positive serological reactions to the antiserum against C. pomonella.The occurrence of other species of Lepidoptera did not affect significantly the results obtained for C. pomonella.

scholarly journals Do properties and species of weed seeds affect their consumption by carabid beetles?

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (Suppl.) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Hana Foffová ◽  
David A. Bohan ◽  
Pavel Saska
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Seed Predators ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anchomenus Dorsalis ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Seed predators are an integral part of agroecosystems, where they can reduce the populations of weeds. The preference of predators for seeds and the observed predation rate may be affected by the properties of seeds (e.g. taxonomy, chemical composition, physical defence). In this work, we focused on seed consumption of Taraxacum officinale Web. and Stellaria media (L.) Vill., from France and the Czech Republic, by three species of ground beetle that are seed predators (Coleoptera: Carabidae): Poecilus cupreus (Linnaeus), Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) and Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan). The seed species were offered in arenas, simultaneously, under three different experimental manipulations of moisture and seed coat conditions: dry and intact, water-imbibed and intact, and water-imbibed with a damaged seed coat. Seed consumption was checked after 0.5, 1, 2, 24, and 48 hours of exposure. Anchomenus dorsalis largely refused to feed on seeds. Taraxacum officinale seeds with damaged coats were most preferred by the remaining two species of carabids. The consumption by P. cupreus of T. officinale seeds with damaged coats increased from 0.18 % after 0.5 hours to 83.83 % after 48 hours, and by P. melanarius from 13.76 % after 0.5 hours to 76.77 % after 48 hours. Seeds of S. media were consumed less. There was a significant difference in consumption rates due to the country of origin of the seeds, but there were no differences between the carabid sexes. That carabids preferred water-imbibed and damaged seeds may suggest an involvement of olfactory clues in the seed selection process, and/or shorter seed-handling times.

Predatory behavior of two species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) towards juvenile salamanders (Plethodon vehiculum)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ovaska ◽  
M. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Carabid beetles are suspected to prey on terrestrial salamanders, but no records of this exist. We examined the behavior of two species of ground beetle (Scaphinotus angusticollis and Pterostichus melanarius) towards juvenile western red-backed salamanders (Plethodon vehiculum) in staged laboratory encounters. We predicted that the beetles would show more aggression towards small (snout–vent length (SVL) ≤30 mm) than large (30 < SVL ≤ 40 mm) juvenile salamanders, as small individuals frequently had missing tails (indicating predation) in the field. Our additional objective was to examine antipredator behavior of P. vehiculum. Scaphinotus angusticollis approached, bit, and climbed on the salamanders more frequently than P. melanarius did, but neither beetle behaved differently towards small and large salamanders. Small juveniles jerked away more frequently than larger individuals when bitten by P. melanarius and when climbed on by S. angusticollis, but otherwise the behavior of salamanders of the two size classes did not differ. After overnight encounters, the injuries on the salamanders included missing toes and tail tips and skin lacerations. Scaphinotus angusticollis consumed an additional six P. vehiculum, and P. melanarius consumed three. The damage was unrelated to the size (SVL) of the salamanders, but all individuals consumed were among the smallest we tested. We suggest that in terms of both its morphology and its behavior, S. angusticollis is better suited than P. melanarius to prey on P. vehiculum, and probably preys on hatchlings in the wild.

scholarly journals Modeling Sexual Differences of Body Size Variation in Ground Beetles in Geographical Gradients: A Case Study of Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Life ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Sergey Luzyanin ◽  
Anatoly Saveliev ◽  
Nadezhda Ukhova ◽  
Iraida Vorobyova ◽  
Igor Solodovnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Body Size Variation ◽  
Regression Curves ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

The aim of this study was to test the steepness of body size variation in males and females in the widespread ground beetle Pterostichus melanarius in geographical gradients. Beetles were sampled in 15 regions of Europe and Asia, and sampling territories differed 17° in latitude and 121° in longitude. We measured six linear traits in every captured beetle and formed a data set that included 2154 individuals. Body size variation in all traits in general was sawtooth, both in latitude and in longitude gradients. Regression analysis showed slight trends: in the latitude gradient, elytra parameters increased, pronotum length did not change but the width increased, and head parameters decreased. In the longitude gradient, the changes were as follows: elytra length increased, but its width did not change; pronotum length did not change, but its width increased; the head parameters decreased. Thus, we observed the elytra length increase and the head parameters decrease northwards and eastwards. We compared female and male regression curves (trait size on latitude/longitude): p-levels were significant only in four cases out of 12. Thus, we conclude that, in general, there is no evidence for the steepness in trait variation in males compared with females.

Effects of crop rotation and genetically modified herbicide-tolerant corn on ground beetle diversity, community structure, and activity density

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bourassa ◽  
H.A. Cárcamo ◽  
J.R. Spence ◽  
R.E. Blackshaw ◽  
K. Floate
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Structure And Activity

AbstractGround beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) were sampled in conventional and genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) corn, Zea mays L. (Poaceae), planted under rotation with canola, Brassica L. (Brassicaceae), or continuously cropped corn to investigate the influence of corn variety and rotation on the structure of carabid assemblages. Corn variety, cultivation regime, and their interaction all influenced overall carabid activity density. Weed management associated with corn variety influenced the activity density of a few carabid species and this was attributed to changes in vegetation. Some smaller bodied carabids such as Bembidion quadrimaculatum L. were less abundant in GMHT plots, probably because weed density was higher in midseason, but the opposite was observed for larger bodied carabids such as Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger). Overall, rotating corn with canola had a stronger effect on carabid community structure than did corn variety. We suggest that GMHT corn has little impact on the overall carabid fauna but may influence the activity of certain species through effects on the weed community.

scholarly journals Modeling the bioclimatic range of Pterostichus melanarius (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in conditions of global climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
T. A. Avtaeva ◽  
R. A. Sukhodolskaya ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

At present, climate change significantly affects living organisms on the planet, leading to transformations in their niches, ranges and abundance. The aim of our work was to forecast the range of the representative of the large family Carabidae, famous for its indicative characters, richness and importance in soil communities. We used 19 bioclimatic variables of Bioclim according to our own data and the data of GBIF with the help of the MaxEnt program. We used 550 coordinates of ground beetle Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) records. We distinguished the potential range the species studied and drew prognostic maps of the species’ distribution related to climate change according to four scenarios. Mean annual temperatures and the mean temperature in the warmest and the coldest quarters of the year were the major factors affecting spatial distribution of P. melanarius. Visualization of potential range according to RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 6.0 scenarios predicted range reduction by 2050 but its recovery by 2070. According to RCP 8.5 scenario, the range of the species studied will be significantly transformed: by 2070 the range will shift towards the north-west in the continental European states but to the northeast – in the coastal states. By 2070 almost all southern territories of Europe will become unsuitable for P. melanarius survival. The most visible changes will be the shift in range to the north in the eastern part of the European plain. The comfort conditions for P. melanarius decrease in mountain regions including the Alps, Carpathians, Caucasus and Urals. By 2070, the cenotic optimum significantly decreases on the Balkan Peninsula. Thus, a sharp reduction in Southern European and Mediterranean populations is predicted.

scholarly journals Variability of Assemblage Structure and Body Sizes in the Ground Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) Along an Anthropogenic Impact Gradient

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
R. A. Sukhodolskaya ◽  
D. N. Vavilov ◽  
T. A. Gordienko ◽  
T. R. Mukhametnabiev
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Dynamic Density ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Industrial Center

Carabus communities of the industrial, habitual and recreational zones in a large industrial center (Nizhnekamsk City, Republic of Tatarstan) were examined. 31 species were revealed, and the highest abundance and diversity was in the recreational zone (23 species). Similar species (Carabus cancellatus Illiger, 1798, Pterostichus niger Schaller, 1783 and Pterostichus oblongopunctatus Fabricius, 1787) predominated in the industrial and recreational zones, while Pterostichus versicolor Sturm, 1824 prevailed in the habitual zone. The dynamic density of beetles was 12.1, 7.5 and 16.4 per 10 trapnights in the industrial, habitual and recreational zone, respectively. Discriminant analysis has shown significant differences of the carabids in the recreational zone from those in the other two zones ones by structure and dynamic density. In addition, multidimensional analysis has revealed differences of the carabid communities in conifer, deciduous and meadow biotopes. Urbanization also affects the morphometric structure of ground beetle populations. We chose two species – Pterostichus melanarius Ill., 1798 and P. niger as objects for morphometric analysis, because they had been included as model ones into the project on carabid morphometric variation on Research Gates. The body sizes of P. melanarius were smaller in the recreational zone than in the industrial one. By the morphometric structure, the populations of the species were similar in both zones explored. The beetles of P. niger increased in body size from the industrial zone to the recreational ones. The morphometric structure of populations of this species was similar in the habitual and recreational zones and differed significantly in the industrial one. Such traits as the pronotum width and the distance between eyes contributed much into discrimination.

Long-termed changes in ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in a field treated by organic fertilizers

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Porhajašová ◽  
Vladimír Petřvalský ◽  
Zbyšek Šustek ◽  
Jana Urminská ◽  
Peter Ondrišík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
Starting Values ◽  
Anchomenus Dorsalis ◽  
Stable Manure ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

AbstractIn 2001–2006, ground beetles were pitfall-trapped in a temperate lowland area of South Slovakia in an experimental field divided in five plots fertilized by four different doses of manure or biosludge (25 t stable manure ha−1, 50 t biosludge ha−1, 50 t stable manure ha−1, 100 t biosludge ha−1 and without fertilization). The field was subsequently sown by spring barley, sugar beat, maize, sunflower, sugar beat and maize. The ground beetle assemblage consisted of 31 species, but only five species predominated: Pseudoophonus rufipes representing 82.6% of individuals and five species (Poecilus cupreus, Carabus scheidleri, Calathus fuscipes, Trechus quadristriatus, Pterostichus melanarius, Anchomenus dorsalis, Dolichus halensis) representing together 14.5% of individuals. Pseudophonus rufipes represented 81.7% of dry biomass and three species (Carabus scheidleri, Poecilus cupreus Pterostichus melanarius) 15.9% of biomass. There was no significant influence of organic fertilizing on assemblage structure. During the investigation, the number of individuals and their biomass increased in all plots until 2003 and than dropped to the starting values. The culmination of 2003 was preceded by a warmer and more humid season in 2002. After a cold and dry season of 2003 abundance decreased approximately to starting values. Simultaneously, the local maxima and minima of occurrence of ground beetles in individual plots shifted independently on the doses of organic material. At the same time, number of occurring species slightly decreased. The observed changes obviously represent part of long-termed fluctuations in wider surroundings.

FARMING AND GROUND BEETLES: EFFECTS OF AGRONOMIC PRACTICE ON POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor A. Cárcamo ◽  
Jari K. Niemalä ◽  
John R. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Field Plots

AbstractWe studied the effects of agricultural practice on ground beetles, using pitfall traps in field plots and in an uncultivated meadow near Edmonton, Alberta. Ground beetle abundance and species richness were higher in plots operated under an organic farming regime than in those under a chemical regime, but neither crop type [barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), barley-pea (Pisum sativum L.) intercrop] nor crop rotation had an effect. Reduced tillage did not significantly change overall carabid activity or species richness but species differed in their response to tillage treatments. The carabid assemblage from an uncultivated field differed conspicuously from assemblages in the crops and fescue. Carabid abundance was highest in the meadow and the fauna was dominated by the exotic species Pterostichus melanarius Illiger. Effects of agronomic practice on carabid assemblages are complex, reflecting the interaction of biological traits of particular species and the combination of agronomic treatments applied.

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