scholarly journals NMDB@Home

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Maria Abunina ◽  
Rolf Bütikofer ◽  
Karl-Ludwig Klein ◽  
Monica Laurenza ◽  
David Ruffolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Neutron Detectors ◽  
User Community ◽  
Large User

An overview on the presentations at the first virtual symposium on cosmic ray studies with neutron detectors is given. The meeting was held online in July 2020. Neutron detectors on ground are shown to provide significant contributions to research on interactions of galactic cosmic rays with magnetic fields in the Heliosphere and on the acceleration of energetic particles, as well as to a growing range of applications, including geophysics and space weather. The advent of easily accessible databases makes original data easily available to a large user community. The present overview outlines and introduces the more detailed articles contained in the proceedings.

scholarly journals NMDB@Home 2020

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Neutron Monitor ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Neutron Detectors ◽  
Real Time Database

With the 'Proceedings of the 1st virtual symposium on cosmic ray studies with neutron detectors' launches the new open access series 'Cosmic ray studies with neutron detectors'. The volume comprises the papers presented at the online meeting held in July 2020. The contributions show that neutron detectors on the ground provide significant results for studying the interaction of galactic cosmic rays with magnetic fields in the heliosphere, for accelerating energetic particles, and for a growing number of applications, including geophysics and space weather. The easily accessible databases around the project 'Real-Time database for high resolution Neutron Monitor measurements' (NMDB) make the original data readily available to a large user community.

Effects of ICMEs on High Energetic Particles as Observed by the Global Muon Detector Network (GMDN)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S335) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
A. Dal Lago ◽  
C. R. Braga ◽  
R. R. S. de Mendonca ◽  
M. Rockenbach ◽  
E. Echer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Muon Detector ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
The Earth

AbstractThe Global Muon Detector Network (GMDN) is composed by four ground cosmic ray detectors distributed around the Earth: Nagoya (Japan), Hobart (Australia), Sao Martinho da Serra (Brazil) and Kuwait city (Kuwait). The network has operated since March 2006. It has been upgraded a few times, increasing its detection area. Each detector is sensitive to muons produced by the interactions of ~50 GeV Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) with the Earth′s atmosphere. At these energies, GCR are known to be affected by interplanetary disturbances in the vicinity of the earth. Of special interest are the interplanetary counterparts of coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and their driven shocks because they are known to be the main origins of geomagnetic storms. It has been observed that these ICMEs produce changes in the cosmic ray gradient, which can be measured by GMDN observations. In terms of applications for space weather, some attempts have been made to use GMDN for forecasting ICME arrival at the earth with lead times of the order of few hours. Scientific space weather studies benefit the most from the GMDN network. As an example, studies have been able to determine ICME orientation at the earth using cosmic ray gradient. Such determinations are of crucial importance for southward interplanetary magnetic field estimates, as well as ICME rotation.

scholarly journals Supernova remnants and the origin of cosmic rays

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S296) ◽  
pp. 305-314
Author(s):  
Jacco Vink
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Supernova Remnant ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Gamma Ray Emission

AbstractSupernova remnants have long been considered to be the dominant sources of Galactic cosmic rays. For a long time the prime evidence consisted of radio synchrotron radiation from supernova remnants, indicating the presence of electrons with energies of several GeV. However, in order to explain the cosmic ray energy density and spectrum in the Galaxy supernova remnant should use 10% of the explosion energy to accelerate particles, and about 99% of the accelerated particles should be protons and other atomic nuclei.Over the last decade a lot of progress has been made in providing evidence that supernova remnant can accelerate protons to very high energies. The evidence consists of, among others, X-ray synchrotron radiation from narrow regions close to supernova remnant shock fronts, indicating the presence of 10-100 TeV electrons, and providing evidence for amplified magnetic fields, gamma-ray emission from both young and mature supernova remnants. The high magnetic fields indicate that the condition for accelerating protons to >1015 eV are there, whereas the gamma-ray emission from some mature remnants indicate that protons have been accelerated.

scholarly journals Variations in Radiocarbon Production in the Earth's Atmosphere

Radiocarbon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge A Korff ◽  
Rosalind B Mendell
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Solar Flare ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Sunspot Number ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Particle Events

We have investigated solar phenomena associated with unusual changes in the production rates of 14C in the atmosphere. 14C is produced in interactions of cosmic ray neutrons with nitrogen in the atmosphere. Intensity of the neutrons varies globally and fluctuates with time as a result of interactions of galactic cosmic rays which generate neutrons with plasma and magnetic fields of the solar wind. We estimate the total mean production rate of 14C for solar cycle 20, specifically 1965 to 1975, to be 2.25 ± 0.1 nuclei-cm−2sec−1 from galactic cosmic rays alone, with negligible integrated contribution from solar particle events. Annual averages of Rz, the Zurich sunspot number, and the production rate of 14C, n(14C), were related by n(14C) = 2.60–5.53 × 10–3 Rz ± 3 percent. The contribution of solar flare particles and the zero sunspot limit are discussed with relation to major fluctuations that appear in the radiocarbon versus dendrochronology over short (∼100 years) integration times.

scholarly journals On particle acceleration and transport in plasmas in the Galaxy: theory and observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Amato ◽  
Sabrina Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Acceleration ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Galaxy Assembly

Accelerated particles are ubiquitous in the Cosmos and play a fundamental role in many processes governing the evolution of the Universe at all scales, from the sub-AU scale relevant for the formation and evolution of stars and planets to the Mpc scale involved in Galaxy assembly. We reveal the presence of energetic particles in many classes of astrophysical sources thanks to their production of non-thermal radiation, and we detect them directly at the Earth as cosmic rays. In the last two decades both direct and indirect observations have provided us a wealth of new, high-quality data about cosmic rays and their interactions both in sources and during propagation, in the Galaxy and in the Solar System. Some of the new data have confirmed existing theories about particle acceleration and propagation and their interplay with the environment in which they occur. Some others have brought about interesting surprises, whose interpretation is not straightforward within the standard framework and may require a change of paradigm in terms of our ideas about the origin of cosmic rays of different species or in different energy ranges. In this article, we focus on cosmic rays of galactic origin, namely with energies below a few petaelectronvolts, where a steepening is observed in the spectrum of energetic particles detected at the Earth. We review the recent observational findings and the current status of the theory about the origin and propagation of galactic cosmic rays.

scholarly journals The Origin and Dynamical Effects of the Magnetic Fields and Cosmic Rays in the Disk of the Galaxy

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 168-183
Author(s):  
E. N. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Interested Reader ◽  
Written Text ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The topic of this presentation is the origin and dynamical behavior of the magnetic field and cosmic-ray gas in the disk of the Galaxy. In the space available I can do no more than mention the ideas that have been developed, with but little explanation and discussion. To make up for this inadequacy I have tried to give a complete list of references in the written text, so that the interested reader can pursue the points in depth (in particular see the review articles Parker, 1968a, 1969a, 1970). My purpose here is twofold, to outline for you the calculations and ideas that have developed thus far, and to indicate the uncertainties that remain. The basic ideas are sound, I think, but, when we come to the details, there are so many theoretical alternatives that need yet to be explored and so much that is not yet made clear by observations.

scholarly journals Measurement of the cosmic ray proton spectrum from 40 GeV to 100 TeV with the DAMPE satellite

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaax3793 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Q. An ◽  
R. Asfandiyarov ◽  
P. Azzarello ◽  
P. Bernardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Spectral Feature ◽  
Dark Matter Particle ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Proton Spectrum ◽  
First Time

The precise measurement of the spectrum of protons, the most abundant component of the cosmic radiation, is necessary to understand the source and acceleration of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. This work reports the measurement of the cosmic ray proton fluxes with kinetic energies from 40 GeV to 100 TeV, with 2 1/2 years of data recorded by the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE). This is the first time that an experiment directly measures the cosmic ray protons up to ~100 TeV with high statistics. The measured spectrum confirms the spectral hardening at ~300 GeV found by previous experiments and reveals a softening at ~13.6 TeV, with the spectral index changing from ~2.60 to ~2.85. Our result suggests the existence of a new spectral feature of cosmic rays at energies lower than the so-called knee and sheds new light on the origin of Galactic cosmic rays.

Atmospheric production and transport of 7Be activity by cosmic rays: Modelling with the chemistry-climate model SOCOLv3.0 and comparison with direct measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kseniia Golubenko ◽  
Eugene Rozanov ◽  
Genady Kovaltsov ◽  
Ari-Pekka Leppänen ◽  
Ilya Usoskin
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmogenic Isotopes ◽  
Cosmogenic Isotope ◽  
The Past ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
First Results

<p>We present the first results of modelling of the short-living cosmogenic isotope <sup>7</sup>Be production, deposition, and transport using the chemistry-climate model SOCOLv<sub>3.0</sub> aimed to study solar-terrestrial interactions and climate changes. We implemented an interactive deposition scheme,  based on gas tracers with and without nudging to the known meteorological fields. Production of <sup>7</sup>Be was modelled using the 3D time-dependent Cosmic Ray induced Atmospheric Cascade (CRAC) model. The simulations were compared with the real concentrations (activity) and depositions measurements of <sup>7</sup>Be in the air and water at Finnish stations. We have successfully reproduced and estimated the variability of the cosmogenic isotope <sup>7</sup>Be produced by the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) on time scales longer than about a month, for the period of 2002–2008. The agreement between the modelled and measured data is very good (within 12%) providing a solid validation for the ability of the SOCOL CCM to reliably model production, transport, and deposition of cosmogenic isotopes, which is needed for precise studies of cosmic-ray variability in the past. </p>

scholarly journals Particle Acceleration by Supernova Shocks and Spallogenic Nucleosynthesis of Light Elements

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Tatischeff ◽  
Stefano Gabici
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Nuclear Interaction ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Halo Stars ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Low Metallicity ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

In this review, we first reassess the supernova remnant paradigm for the origin of Galactic cosmic rays in the light of recent cosmic-ray data acquired by the Voyager 1 spacecraft. We then describe the theory of light-element nucleosynthesis by nuclear interaction of cosmic rays with the interstellar medium and outline the problem of explaining the measured beryllium abundances in old halo stars of low metallicity with the standard model of the Galactic cosmic-ray origin. We then discuss the various cosmic-ray models proposed in the literature to account for the measured evolution of the light elements in the Milky Way, and point out the difficulties that they all encounter. It seems to us that, among all possibilities, the superbubble model provides the most satisfactory explanation for these observations.

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