Assessment of Heavy Metal Profile in Commercially Packaged Water in Ado Metropolis, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Commercially packaged water has been the main source of water supply to residents of Ado Metropolis; due to lack of potable water supply, individuals depend on commercial packaged water for drinking and domestic use. As a result of this, one has little or no assurance on the quality and safety of the water and its source. Heavy metal contamination includes exposure to lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium, heavy metal contamination in Ado metropolis includes anthropogenic sources which includes activities of mining industries as discharge their untreated effluents into nearby water sources, other source of contamination includes automobile source that releases zinc, arsenic and copper; insecticides which releases arsenic and burning of fossil fuels which releases nickel, vanadium and mercury. Heavy metals cause general body weakness, abdominal pain, shortness of breath, chills, diarrhea, vomiting and tingling in the hands and feet when consumed. Hence, this study is important because it will reveal the presence of heavy metals in sampled waters in Ado Metropolis and also compare with WHO standard which in turn gives room for the suggestion of mitigating measures to regulate the sale of these public waters. Some brands of commercially packaged were purchased from different markets in Ado metropolis based on accessibility and high demands.

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Heavy Metal Contamination and Ecological Risk Assessment of Overlying Water and Sediments of Nkozoa Lake (Southern Cameroon)

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i430366 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 92-109

Author(s):

Noa Tang Sylvie Désirée ◽

Ekoa Bessa Armel Zacharie ◽

Tchakam Kamtchueng Brice ◽

Wongan Kouonchie Sorel Ange ◽

Etame Jacques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Overlying Water ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Contamination Degree ◽

Effect Level

Examination of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Cd and Ni) in overlying water and sediments was conducted in Lake Nkozoa, in a peripheral area of Yaoundé characterized by a high population density and rapid economic development in Cameroon. Sediment samples were collected at the entrance and near the center of the lake, using a raft and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. They were subjected to water quality parameters, heavy metals comparisons and calculations of pollution indices and ecological risks followed by statistical analysis in order to identify and estimate the sources of metal contamination in overlying water and sediments of the Nkozoa Lake. The physico-chemical parameters of water show that the pH (5 < pH < 6), total dissolved solids (TDS~130 g/L) and conductivity (EC~194.8 µs/cm) are below the recommendations of the WHO. The average heavy metal concentrations in sediments, except Cd, are lower than the upper continental crust (UCC) and several environmental contamination monitoring parameters, such as threshold effect level (TEL), probable effect level (PEL), and severe effect level (SEL). The sediment samples show a low heavy metal contamination degree (class 0) and low potential ecological risk (PER) level, except for Cd and Hg which have high contamination degree (class 1 to 6) and moderate PER. Matrix correlation shows that some parameters like pH, EC, Cr and TDS, Cu, Hg in water have perfect positive correlations (r = 1.00) suggesting common sources of contamination. Cluster analyses coupled with matrix data for sediments revealed that Cd is the most contaminant elements derived from anthropogenic sources.

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Heavy Metal Contamination in Oryza sativa L. at the Eastern Region of Malaysia and Its Risk Assessment

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19020739 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 739

Author(s):

Nur Syahirah Zulkafflee ◽

Nurul Adillah Mohd Redzuan ◽

Sara Nematbakhsh ◽

Jinap Selamat ◽

Mohd Razi Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Health Risk ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Acceptable Limit

Paddy plants tend to accumulate heavy metals from both natural and anthropogenic sources, and this poses adverse risks to human health. The objective of this study was to investigate heavy metal contamination in paddy plants in Kelantan, Malaysia, and its health risk assessment. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals was studied by means of enrichment (EF) and translocation factors (TF). The health risk assessment was performed based on USEPA guidelines. The EF for heavy metals in the studied areas was in the descending order of Cu > As > Cr > Cd > Pb. Meanwhile, Cr and Pb exhibited higher TF values from stem to grain compared with the others. The combined hazard index (HI) resulting from five heavy metals exceeded the acceptable limit (HI >1). The lifetime cancer risk, in both adult and children, was beyond the acceptable limit (10−4) and mainly resulted from exposure. The total cancer risk (CRt) due to simultaneous exposures to multiple carcinogenic elements also exceeded 10−4. In conclusion, intake of heavy metal through rice ingestion is likely to cause both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks. Further research is required to investigate the extent of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and, moreover, to establish human exposure as a result of rice consumption.

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Heavy metal pollution status in surface sediments of the Khajeh Kory River, north Iran

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2020.202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 81 (6) ◽

pp. 1148-1158

Author(s):

Maryam Zare Khosheghbal ◽

Marjan Esmaeilzadeh ◽

Fereydoun Ghazban ◽

Mohammad Ebrahim Charmsazi

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Surface Sediments ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Principal Component ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Riverbed Sediments

Abstract This study aimed at exploring the extent of likely sources of heavy metal pollution in sediments of the Khajeh Kory riverbed in the north of Iran. In order to assess the heavy metal contamination, samples from surface sediments in 10 stations covering the river were collected and analysed to determine heavy metal contents including Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, Co, Al, and Fe. Three guidelines were applied to assess the heavy metal contamination. Compared with the global average values, the calculated enrichment factors indicated high values for Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, and Cu, and very high values for Pb and Zn. The results obtained from principal component analysis revealed that the geogenic and anthropogenic sources were the main causes of the widespread enrichment of heavy metals in the riverbed sediments. The results suggested that the riverbed sediments were contaminated with heavy metals, which contribute to the freshwater toxicity in the ecosystem of the Khajeh Kory River.

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Feasibility of using environmental covariates and machine learning to predict the spatial variability of selected heavy metals in soils

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-12378 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mojtaba Zeraatpisheh ◽

Rouhollah Mirzaei ◽

Younes Garosi ◽

Ming Xu ◽

Gerard B.M. Heuvelink ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Random Forest ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Prediction Performance ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Environmental Covariates

Heavy metal contamination in soil is a major environmental issue intensified by rapid industrial and population growth. Understanding the spatial distribution of soil contamination by heavy metals in the ecosystem is a necessary precondition to monitor soil health and to assess the ecological risks. The main sources of heavy metals in soil are natural and anthropogenic sources. Natural sources are typically released of heavy metals from rock by weathering and atmospheric precipitation. Anthropogenic sources are related to industrialization, rapid urbanization, agricultural practices, and military activities. We analyzed a total of 358 topsoil samples (0&#8211;30 cm) collected in Golestan province in the northeast of Iran based on a regular square grid networks with 1,700 squares each sized 2.5 km&#178;(random sampling within the grid). From these samples, we determined the spatial distribution of Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb using random forest (RF). A multi-spectral image (Landsat 8), and environmental derivatives calculated from terrain attributes, climatic parameters, parent material, land use maps, distances to mine sectors, main roads, industrial sites, and rivers were used as covariates to predict the spatial distribution of concentrations of heavy metals. The multi-collinearity of the predictors was examined by the variance inflation factor (VIF), and a feature selection process (genetic algorithm) was applied to avoid noise and optimize the selected input variables for the final model. The predictive accuracy of RF model was assessed by the mean prediction error (ME), root mean squared error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) using 5-fold cross-validation technique. The results showed that the concentration levels (mg kg-1) of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn varied from 0.02 to 2.75, 9.70 to 93.70, 6.80 to 114.20, 9.50 to 93.20, and 25.10 to 417.4, respectively. The best prediction performance was for Ni (RMSE=9.9 mg kg-1 and R2=56.6%), and the lowest prediction performance for Cd (RMSE=0.4 mg kg-1 and R2=28.0%). Environmental covariates that control soil moisture and water flow along with climatic factors were the most important variables to define the spatial distribution of soil heavy metals. We conclude that the RF model using easily accessible environmental covariates is a promising, cost-effective and fast approach to monitor the spatial distribution of heavy metal contamination in soils.Keywords: Heavy metals; digital soil mapping; machine learning; random forest; spatial variation; soil pollution.

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A brief Survey of Assessment models to Predict stress Level of Heavy Metals in Soils

Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) ◽

10.2174/2352096513999201116214345 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Sangeetha Annam ◽

Anshu Singla

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Stress Level ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Human Life ◽

High Stress ◽

Heavy Metal Stress

Abstract: Soil is a major and important natural resource, which not only supports human life but also furnish commodities for ecological and economic growth. Ecological risk has posed a serious threat to the ecosystem by the degradation of soil. The high-stress level of heavy metals like chromium, copper, cadmium, etc. produce ecological risks which include: decrease in the fertility of the soil; reduction in crop yield & degradation of metabolism of living beings, and hence ecological health. The ecological risk associated, demands the assessment of heavy metal stress levels in soils. As the rate of stress level of heavy metals is exponentially increasing in recent times, it is apparent to assess or predict heavy metal contamination in soil. The assessment will help the concerned authorities to take corrective as well as preventive measures to enhance the ecological and hence economic growth. This study reviews the efficient assessment models to predict soil heavy metal contamination.

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TINGKAT BIOKONSENTRASI LOGAM BERAT DAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI IKAN MUJAIR (Oreochromis Mossambicus) YANG HIDUP DI PERAIRAN TUKAD BADUNG KOTA DENPASAR

ECOTROPHIC Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) ◽

10.24843/ejes.2015.v09.i01.p04 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Made Rahayu Kusumadewi ◽

I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa ◽

I Ketut Berata

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Hexavalent Chromium ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽

Metal Exposure ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Food Ingredient

Tukad Badung River is one of the potential contamination of heavy metal sare very highin the city of Denpasar. Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) isa commonspecies of fish found in the river and became the object of fishing by the public. The fish is usually consume das a food ingredient forever yangler. Fish can be used as bio-indicators of chemical contamination in the aquatic environment. Determination of heavy metal bioconcentration and analysis of liver histopathology gills organs and muscles is performed to determine the content of heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Cr+6, and the influence of heavy metal exposure to changes in organ histopathology Tilapia that live in Tukad Badung. In this observational study examined the levels of heavy metal contamination include Pb, Cd and Cr+6 in Tilapia meat with AAS method (Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometric), and observe the histopathological changes in organ preparations gills, liver, and muscle were stained with HE staining (hematoxylin eosin). Low Pb content of the fish that live in Tukad Badung 0.8385 mg/kg and high of 20.2600 mg/kg. The content of heavy metals Pb is above the quality standards specified in ISO 7378 : 2009 in the amount of 0.3 mg / kg. The content of Cr+6 low of 1.1402 mg / kg and the highest Cr+6 is 6.2214 mg / kg. The content of Cr+6 is above the quality standards established in the FAO Fish Circular 764 is equal to 1.0 mg / kg. In fish with Pb bioconcentration of 0.8385 mg / kg and Cr+6 of 1.1402 mg / kg was found that histopathological changes gill hyperplasia and fusion, the liver was found degeneration, necrosis, and fibrosis, and in muscle atrophy found. Histopathologicalchangessuch asedema and necrosis ofthe liveris foundin fishwith Pb bioconcentration of 4.5225mg/kg and Cr+6 amounted to2.5163mg/kg. Bio concentration of heavy metal contamination of lead (Pb) and hexavalent chromium (Cr+6) on Tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ) who lives in Tukad Badung river waters exceed the applicable standard. Histopathological changes occur in organs gills, liver, and muscle as a result of exposure to heavy metals lead and hexavalent chromium. Advised the people not to eat Tilapia that live in Tukad Badung

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Study on Heavy Metal Contamination in High Water Table Coal Mining Subsidence Ponds That Use Different Resource Reutilization Methods

Water ◽

10.3390/w12123348 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3348

Author(s):

Min Tan ◽

Kun Wang ◽

Zhou Xu ◽

Hanghe Li ◽

Junfeng Qu

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Coal Mining ◽

Control Region ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

High Water ◽

Aquaculture Pond ◽

Coal Mining Subsidence ◽

Resource Reutilization

Heavy metals accumulate in high water table coal mining subsidence ponds, resulting in heavy metal enrichment and destruction of the ecological environment. In this study, subsidence ponds with different resource reutilization methods were used as study subjects, and non-remediated subsidence ponds were collectively used as the control region to analyze the heavy metal distributions in water bodies, sediment, and vegetation. The results revealed the arsenic content in the water bodies slightly exceeded Class III of China’s Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water. The lead content in water inlet vegetation of the control region and the Anguo wetland severely exceeded limits. Pearson’s correlation, PCA, and HCA analysis results indicated that the heavy metals at the study site could be divided into two categories: Category 1 is the most prevalent in aquaculture pond B and mainly originate from aquaculture. Category 2 predominates in control region D and mainly originates from atmospheric deposition, coal mining, and leaching. In general, the degree of heavy metal contamination in the Anguo wetland, aquaculture pond, and fishery–solar hybrid project regions is lower than that in the control region. Therefore, these models should be considered during resource reutilization of subsidence ponds based on the actual conditions.

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Heavy Metals Concentration in Contaminated Soils from Southern Part of Romania

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:6544 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Diana FLORESCU ◽

Andreea IORDACHE ◽

Claudia SANDRU ◽

Elena HORJ ◽

Roxana IONETE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Land Application ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Contamination Of Soils

As a result of accidental spills or leaks, industrial wastes may enter in soil and in streams. Some of the contaminants may not be completely removed by treatment processes; therefore, they could become a problem for these sources. The use of synthetic products (e.g. pesticides, paints, batteries, industrial waste, and land application of industrial or domestic sludge) can result in heavy metal contamination of soils.

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Organic Versus Conventional – a Comparative Study on Quality and Nutritive Value of Selected Vegetable Crops of Southern India

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v18i1.48385 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 99-116

Author(s):

JR Xavier ◽

V Mythri ◽

R Nagaraj ◽

VCP Ramakrishna ◽

PE Patki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Plate Count ◽

Microbial Quality ◽

Edible Plant ◽

Lead And Cadmium

Vegetables are defined as edible plant parts generally consumed raw or cooked with a main dish, in a mixed dish, as an appetizer or as a salad. Food safety aspects related to microbial quality (total plate count, yeast and mold and food borne pathogens) and toxic residue (heavy metals) and mineral content were investigated for vegetables such as green leafy vegetable, salad vegetables, sprouts, brinjal, green chilies and French beans collected from organic and conventional outlets from Mysore region, Karnataka, India. Microbial analysis was carried out using standard procedures and mminerals (Ca, K, Fe, Cu, Mg, Mn and Zn) and heavy metals (Cd and Pb) were determined. Significant variations (p>0.05) were observed for microbial quality among organic and conventional vegetables. Mineral and vitamin C content were also significantly higher (p>0.01) in organic samples. Heavy metal contamination for lead and cadmium tested positive for conventional samples while organic samples tested negative. The variables that contributed most for the variability were heavy metal contamination, mineral and vitamin C content. Organically grown vegetables were free from heavy metals and safe for consumption, as well as they are rich in mineral and vitamin C content in comparison to conventional samples. SAARC J. Agri., 18(1): 99-116 (2020)

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Environmental Susceptibility: Soil Contamination of Heavy Metals in the Territory of E-Waste Recycling Area

International Journal of Plant and Environment ◽

10.18811/ijpen.v3i.8444 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

pp. 25-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Charu Gangwar ◽

Aprajita Singh ◽

Raina Pal ◽

Atul Kumar ◽

Saloni Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Physiological Analysis

E-waste is a popular name given to those electronic products nearing the end of their useful life which has become a major source of heavy metal contamination in soil and hence, became the global concern. Various samples of soil were collected from different sites and were determined for heavy metal analysis by the ICP-AAS after the digestion process. The main source of contamination is illegal e-waste recycling activities such as burning of PCB's acid baths etc. Different soil indices like contamination factor, I-geo, pollution load index, were calculated to determine the quality of the soil. Results indicate that e-waste recycling and industrial area are strongly contaminated by the heavy metals. Physiological analysis of soil revealed that e-waste processing and industrial activities decrease the soil pH and organic matter while enhancing the electrical conductivity of soil. The exceedance of metal contamination imposed negative impact to the soil environment and human health.

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