Allelopathic potential of Artemisia herba-alba and Anthemis arvensis to control Weeds in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potentials for utilization of Artemisia herba-alba and Anthemis arvensis shoot aqueous extract at different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) to suppress the germination and growth of Panicum turgidum and Portulaca oleracea (weeds of crop fields) in Petri dish experiment. Results indicated that the degree of inhibition on seed germination and growth of the recipient species was largely dependent on the concentration of A. herba-alba and A.arvensis shoot aqueous extract. The aqueous extract of A.herba-alba showed the highest allelopathic effect on the germination of the seeds of P. turgidum, (10%,10% and 0%) while the effect of A. arvensis shoot aqueous extract was greater on the germination of the seeds P. oleracea (40%,0% and 0%). Percentage germination of the two selected crop species Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare also de-creased as the A.herba-alba and A.arvensis shoot aqueous extract concentra-tion increased from 1% to 5% (90%,80% and 70%),(40%,40% and 20%). But the inhibition percentage was largely less than that of weed species. The results also showed that H.vulgare was more sensitive than T. aestivum and responds more strongly to the increase of concentration of A. herba-alba shoot aqueous extract . Results also showed that the radicle length of almost all tested species was more sensitive to allelochemicals from A.herba-alba and A.arvensis shoot aqueous extract than plumule length. Therefore, A. herba-alba and A. arvensis shoot aqueous extract may offer promises for their usefulness as a tool for weed management.

Download Full-text

Comparison of the Allelopathic Potential of Leguminous Summer Cover Crops: Cowpea, Sunn Hemp, and Velvetbean

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.42.2.289 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 289-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Michael J. Adler ◽

Carlene A. Chase

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Weed Species ◽

Crop Species ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Sunn Hemp ◽

Germination And Growth

The phytotoxicity of aqueous foliar extracts and ground dried residues of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Iron Clay], and velvetbean [Mucuna deeringiana (Bort) Merr.] to crop and weed germination and growth was evaluated to compare the allelopathic potential of the cover crops. By 14 days after treatment (DAT), goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] germination with 5% aqueous extracts of all cover crops (w/v fresh weight basis) was similar and greater than 75% of control. However, with the 10% extracts, goosegrass germination was lowest with cowpea extract, intermediate with velvetbean extract, and highest with sunn hemp extract. Livid amaranth (Amaranthus lividus L.) germination declined to ≈50% with cowpea and sunn hemp extracts and even lower to 22% with velvetbean extract. The suppression of livid amaranth germination was greater with the 10% extracts than the 5% extracts. Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) germination was unaffected by velvetbean extract, inhibited more by the 5% cowpea extract than the 10% extract, and was also sensitive to the 10% sunn hemp extract. All cover crop extracts resulted in an initial delay in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) germination, but by 14 DAT, inhibition of germination was apparent only with cowpea extract. The phytotoxicity of ground dried residues of the three cover crops on germination, plant height, and dry weight of goosegrass, smooth amaranth (A. hybridus L.), bell pepper, and tomato was evaluated in greenhouse studies. Goosegrass germination was inhibited in a similar manner by residues of the three cover crops to 80% or less of control. Smooth amaranth germination, plant height, and dry biomass were more sensitive to sunn hemp residues than to cowpea and velvetbean residues. Bell pepper germination, plant height, and dry weight were greater than 90% of control except for dry weight with cowpea residue, which was only 78% of control. The greatest effect of cover crop residue on tomato occurred with dry weight, because dry weights with cowpea and sunn hemp were only 76% and 69% of control, respectively, and lower than with velvetbean. There was more evidence of cover crop phytotoxicity with the weed species than with the crop species and cowpea extracts and residue affected all species more consistently than those of sunn hemp and velvetbean.

Download Full-text

Allelopathic Potential of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Straw on Selected Weed Species

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500041047 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 495-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

James W. Steinsiek ◽

Lawrence R. Oliver ◽

Fred C. Collins

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Weed Species ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽

Sesbania Exaltata ◽

Pitted Morningglory ◽

Germination And Growth

The allelopathic potential of wheat [Triticum aestivum(L.) ‘Doublecrop′] straw residue was evaluated on weed-seed germination and seedling growth. The inhibition of weed-seed germination and seedling growth was extract-, species-, and temperature-dependent. The extracts prepared by agitating and soaking caused greater inhibition than those obtained by leaching. The descending order of species susceptibility was ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.), hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cory], sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL.), and Japanese barnyard millet [Echinochloa crus-gallivar.frumetaceae(Roxb.) Link]. Incubation at 35 C caused the greatest inhibition of germination and growth.

Download Full-text

Allelopathic Potential of Etlingera coccinea (B.) Sakai & Nagam on Seed Germination and Growth of Mung Bean and Siam Weed

Science Letters ◽

10.24191/sl.v15i2.13829 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 79-89

Author(s):

Mohamad Nadzrin Mohamad Zainurin ◽

◽

Nurfitri Harman ◽

Lo Chor Wai ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Suppressive Effect ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Weed Species ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Germination And Growth

Etlingera coccinea, a native Borneon Zingiberaceae are found to exert allelopathic effect on some weed species. The objective of this study is to investigate the allelopathic effects of hexane (80%), methanol (80%), ethyl acetate (80%) extracts from the dried powder of both stem and leaf of E. coccinea on mung bean (Vigna radiata) and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata). The phytochemical screening of both stem and leaf crude extracts elicited saponin, tannin, flavonoid, and terpenoid, which are targeted bioactive compounds for allelopathy. The allelopathic activity was assessed by evaluating their effects on seed germination and percentage of radicle and shoot growth. The results showed that both stem and leaf extracts have a suppressive effect on the mung bean development during in-vitro bioassay. The methanolic extracts of both stem and leaf showed the most significant suppression (100%) than other solvent extracts. In the pot experiment, the methanolic stem extracts suppressed the Siam weed’s germination by 57 ± 0.13% and the methanolic leaf extracts suppressed the growth by 46 ± 0.29%. The present study shows that E. coccinea methanolic extract has the potential as bio-herbicide.

Download Full-text

ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF WEED SPEICES AGERATUM CONYZOIDES L. AND CLEOME VISCOSA L. ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF SESAMUM INDICUM L

Kongunadu Research Journal ◽

10.26524/krj106 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 114-117

Author(s):

Anbarasan R ◽

Prabhakaran J

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Sesamum Indicum ◽

Weed Species ◽

Ageratum Conyzoides ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Germination And Growth ◽

Cleome Viscosa

Various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of aqueous extracts prepared from two weed species namely Ageratum conyzoides L. and Cleome viscosa L. and used for the present experiments to determine their allelopathic potential on growth and developmental changes on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The weed extracts showed an inhibitory effect on germination percentage, root and shoot growth, and fresh and dry weight of sesame seedlings. The extracts of A.conyzoides had more inhibitory effect at 20%concentration,than that of C.viscosa on growth parameters of sesame.

Download Full-text

POTENSI ALELOKIMIA DARI EXTRACT DAN MULSA BIOMAS TANAMAN SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.31186/jipi.23.2.121-128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 121-128

Author(s):

Advent F. Sitanggang ◽

Marulak Simarmata ◽

Bilman Wilman Simanihuruk ◽

Uswatun Nurjanah

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Weed Management ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Early Growth ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Vigor Index ◽

Test Plants ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

[ALLELOCHEMICAL POTENTIAL OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT AND MULCH OF PLANT BIOMASS OF SORGHUM (Sorgum bicolor L. Moench)]. This study was aimed to examine the allelopathic potential of sorghum through aqueous extract and mulch from biomass on seed germination and early growth of three tested plants, namely rice, mustard and cucumber. The results showed that the aqueous extract of the sorghum biomass significantly inhibited the germination of mustard and cucumber seeds, reduced the vigor-index of the germination of rice, mustard and cucumber seeds, and suppressed the growth of radicle length of mustard sprouts. The same thing was seen when sorghum biomass was tested as mulch which also suppressed the early growth of the tested plants on the variables of stem height, fresh and dry weight of biomass of rice, mustard and cucumber. The higher the concentration of allelochemicals extract or sorghum mulch, the stronger the inhibition on germination and early growth of the three test plants. At a concentration of 10% allelochemicals suppressed the germination of mustard and cucumber to 76 and 79%, respectively, while a dose of 10% mulch suppressed early growth in the height of rice, mustard, and cucumber to 56, 55, and 68%; and dry weight to 53, 30 and 60%. The results of this study are important information about the allelochemical potential of sorghum as a natural herbicide in integrated weed management

Download Full-text

Allelopathic potential of mustard crop residues on weed management and performance of transplant Aman rice

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v15i2.35054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 133-139

Author(s):

MN Hossain ◽

MR Uddin ◽

UK Sarker ◽

S Ferdousi ◽

MJ Uddin

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Management ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Block Design ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Weed Species ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Straw Yield ◽

Percent Inhibition ◽

Mustard Crop

Crop allelopathy may be useful to minimize serious problems in the present agricultural production such as environmental pollution, unsafe production, human health concerns, depletion of crop diversity, soil sickness and reduction of crop productivity. In this phenomenon an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effect of crop residues of mustard on weed management and crop performance of T. aman rice. The experiment consisted of three cultivars of T. aman rice viz., BR11, BR23 and BRRI dhan49 and five different level of mustard crop residues such as no crop residues, mustard crop residues @ 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 t ha–1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Five weed species belonging to three families infested the experimental plots. Weed population, weed dry weight and percent inhibition of weed were significantly influenced by mustard crop residues and cultivar. The maximum weed growth was noticed with the cultivar BR23 and the minimum was found in the cultivar BR11. The grain yield as well as the other yield contributing characters produced by BR11 was the highest among the studied varieties. The highest percent inhibition of 71.17, 69.19, 80.88, 70.48 and 86.97 was in Shama (Echinochlo acrusgalli), Panishapla (Nymphaea nouchali), Panichaise (Scirpus juncoides), Panikachu (Monochoria vaginalis) and Susnishak (Marsilea quadrifolia), respectively which was caused by the application of mustard crop residues @ 2 t ha–1. The highest loss of grain yield was obtained where no crop residues were incorporated. The highest numbers of tillers hill-1, numbers of grains panicle–1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield were observed where mustard crop residues were incorporated @ 2.0 t ha–1. BR11 cultivar with all treatments produced the highest grain and straw yield among the treatment combination. The results of this study indicate that different amount of mustard crop residues showed potential activity to suppress weed growth.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 133-139, December 2017

Download Full-text

Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Allelopathic Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl (Cyperaceae)

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v8i3.16353 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 310

Author(s):

Ana Claudia Martins Da Silva ◽

José Jailson Lima Bezerra ◽

Ana Paula Do Nascimento Prata ◽

Renan Cantalice De Souza ◽

Cynthiane Lins de Albuquerque Paulino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

High Performance ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Phytochemical Profile ◽

Germination Bioassays

The allelopathic potential of some plant species has been scientifically proven over the years. The use of such natural compounds with phytotoxic activity is an alternative to synthetic herbicides. Thus, this research aims to analyze the phytochemical profile and the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. The allelopathic potential was evaluated by germination bioassays using seeds from two receptor species (Lactuca sativa L. and Emilia fosbergii Nicolson) and seven concentrations of aqueous extracts of F. miliacea aerial and underground parts in triplicate. The variables evaluated were germination (G) and germination speed index (GSI). The data obtained were submitted to F test and the averages to regression analysis. In addition, phytochemical analyses were performed to analyze possible allelochemicals present in aqueous extracts of F. miliacea through phytochemical screening and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The aqueous extracts of aerial and underground parts of F. miliacea inhibit the germination of E. fosbergii seeds at all concentrations analyzed (0.94, 1.87, 3.75, 7.5, 15 and 30%). However, the same extracts do not show any effects when evaluated in L. sativa seeds. The aqueous extract of F. miliacea shows important chemical constituents (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, luteolin, apigenin, acacetin, and alkaloids) that can be directly related to the allelopathic effects observed in E. fosbergii seeds.

Download Full-text

Allelopathic Potential of Papaver Somniferum L. on Seed Germination Against Three Different Varities of Zea Mays

10.21203/rs.3.rs-181838/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muntaha Tul Sidra ◽

SAYEDA SARAH MUBARAK ◽

FATIMA KHAN SHERWANI ◽

NAZMA AZEEM

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Water Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Papaver Somniferum ◽

Hot Water ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Hot Water Extract

Abstract Aims To evaluate the allelopathic effect of Papaver somniferum against the 3 varieties of Zea mays seeds cv. Azam, Pahari and Iqbal. Methods Aqueous extracts were made by soaking the powder of dried leaves of Papaver somniferum. For the aqueous extract treatment, the extract was soaked in distilled water for 24 and 48 hours separately. For mulching treatment, the seeds were sowed in soil and sprinkled powder of leaves. For litter, the petri dishes were grounded with randomly cut pieces of filter paper wetted with extract. For hot water treatment the water was boiled for 5 minutes. The powder was then mixed in boil water. Results Azam got effected in 24h extract in aqueous extract treatment while Pahari in 48h treatment. In mulching all the three varieties got inhibited by extract. Azam showed resistance toward the inhibitory effect of extract in litter experiments. Iqbal was affected in hot water extract. Conclusion It is concluded that the extracts obtained from Papaver somniferum showed inhibitory effects on all the three varieties except few exceptions of maize. The plumule and radical growth got affected the most.

Download Full-text

Research on the Allelophatic Effect Between the Invasive Species Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L. (“Floarea Pustei”) and Some Agricultural Crops

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:4265 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicolae HODIŞAN ◽

Gavrilă MORAR ◽

Cristina-Maria NEAG

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Crop Species ◽

Inhibiting Effect ◽

Secale Cereale L ◽

Germination And Growth

The paper presents the results of the allelopathic effect on the germination and growth of plants, immediately after springing, in the interaction between the invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed) and five crop species: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rape (Brassica napus L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa). The tests consisted in applying treatments with aqueous extracts obtained from young Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. plants, as well as from different vegetative organs harvested from mature plants (roots, leaves and seeds). The results show a highly significant inhibiting effect on the germination of wheat, rye, barley and rape seeds and an insignificant one in lucerne seeds. A strong inhibiting effect upon the growth of plants in early stages of vegetation was established in wheat and rape and a stimulation of growth in the same stage of vegetation in barley and lucerne.

Download Full-text

Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Stinkwort (Dittrichia graveolens L.) on Germination and Growth of Some Weed Species

10.25135/rfac.01.2107.2151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Tamer Üstuner ◽

Kamal Almhemed ◽

Muhammad Al Sakran ◽

Menderes Üstüner

Keyword(s):

Germination Rate ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Sorghum Halepense ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Average Height ◽

Weed Species ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Cuscuta Campestris ◽

Germination And Growth

The experiment was implemented by CRD design with three replications and lasted for 40 days, from 5 October until 15 November 2020. Four extract concentrations of D. graveolens 0, 2, 6, and 10% were used. The concentration of 0% was considered as control. The allelopathic effect has been studied on five weed species; Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca oleracea L., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Sorghum halepense L., and Cuscuta campestris Yunck. The research also aimed to determine the effect of Stinkwort extract on the growth of tomato seedlings. All concentrations affected seed germination for all studied weeds. The concentration of 10% was more influential in growth-related indicators compared to other concentrations. The seeds of L. multiflorum and rhizomes of S. halepense were more tolerant to D. graveolens allelochemicals in germination rate than A. retroflexus, P. oleracea, and C. campestris. All concentrations led to a reduction in the weed heights and the wet and dry weights compared with the controls. The effect of the extract with various concentrations was catalytic for the growth of tomato seedlings, as the average height of tomato seedlings was in direct proportion to the concentration.

Download Full-text