Dalia Ofer and Lenore J. Weitzman (eds.) Women in the Holocaust

2002 ◽  
pp. 506-508
Author(s):  
Sabine von Mering
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Short Fiction ◽  
Personal Narrative ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Face ◽  
Historical Detail ◽  
The Way

This chapter discusses Women in the Holocaust. This book shows how men and women experienced the Holocaust differently owing to culturally defined gender roles, gender-related expectations, and differences in the way the Nazis treated them. The twenty-one original articles in this book present a wide spectrum of historical detail, personal narrative, short fiction, description of experiences, statistical evidence, and theoretical conclusions. They highlight women’s suffering and ingenuity, their mistakes, and their unfailing resilience in nurturing relationships, supporting others, and sacrificing everything for their children. They also tell the story of women’s professional versatility, courage, and even creativity in the face of a monstrous machinery of death.

How Muscular was Victorian Christianity? Thomas Hughes and the Cult of Christian Manliness Reconsidered

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 421-430
Author(s):  
Sean Gill
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
General Reaction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Muscular Christianity ◽  
Traditional Image ◽  
The Way ◽  
Christian Beliefs

Despite the enduring popularity of Tom Brown’s Schooldays, which has never been out of print since its publication in 1857, the reputation of its author, Thomas Hughes, has suffered from the general reaction against Victorian values which characterized the first part of the twentieth century. Even as late as 1965, out of sympathy both with Hughes’s Christian beliefs and with his moral didacticism, Kenneth Allsop could dismiss him as a writer ‘fluctuating between a facetious smugness and a creepy piety’. However, in recent years scholars such as George Worth and Norman Vance have provided us with a more sensitive and nuanced picture of his thought, and one which severely qualifies the traditional image of Hughes as an exponent of a muscular Christianity which exalted an anti-intellectual credo of schoolboy athleticism and adult male toughness perfectly attuned to the ethos of high Victorian imperialism. This paper examines some of the ambiguities which are to be found in Hughes’s attempts to encapsulate and transcend the ideals of appropriate masculine and feminine behaviour within the specifically Christian context from which they arose, and in so doing cast some light on the way in which Victorian Christianity both contributed to, and was influenced by, the construction and maintenance of gender roles for both men and women.

scholarly journals Understanding the Dynamics of Conflict: Insights from the Case of Algeria

1970 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Cathie Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Crisis Of Masculinity ◽  
The Way

Competing interpretations of gender roles have played a central role in the recent conflict in Algeria. It is impossible to understand this without exploring the desperate circumstances of many men in Algeria, and throwing new light on the debate on the ‘crisis of masculinity’. Nearly all the accounts I have read by women of their experience of the conflict highlight the issue of gender separation and difficult, painful relations between men and women, which leaves both parties in distress. This article is an attempt to explore the way in which masculinity is constructed and represented in Algeria, and to look at the r

scholarly journals The Meeting of Two Tides

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Hēni Collins
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Personal Narrative ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
High Achievers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dual Identity ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cultural Tensions ◽  
Over Time

Consistent with the theme of this year’s conference, “Tōna Kanohi, Kauae Moko: The Face that Turns Towards her Ancient Self”, this article includes a personal narrative about taking moko kauae, and some of the cross-cultural tensions associated with that decision within our whānau/family. It also describes my thesis Te Pūtahitanga o Ngā Tai e Rua (The Meeting of Two Tides) (Collins, 2004). The thesis aimed to provide new insights and understandings about the challenges, vulnerabilities and strengths associated with being of mixed Māori and Pākehā heritage in Aotearoa New Zealand. It was based on the life narratives of eleven men and women of dual Māori–Pākehā heritage and looked at change over time, particularly the process of seeking and developing cultural and ethnic identity strength as Māori. It acknowledged ongoing stresses and tensions; coping strategies; and described two cases in which coping strategies were overwhelmed and breakdown occurred. It considered whether a dual Māori–Pākehā ethnicity can be maintained and stabilised over time in the light of inequities and racism in society. Most participants in the thesis were high achievers in terms of education, career success and acculturation and socialisation as Māori. These factors perhaps facilitated the level of self-validation required to tolerate the stress of maintaining a dual identity position for some. The Māori cultural and political renaissance has involved defining Māori in terms of difference from Pākehā/Europeans, but this thesis explored the overlap — genetic, cultural, and social — between the two ethnic groups and provided new insights into diversity within the Māori ethnic group. Waitara Ōrite ki te kaupapa o tē hui o tēnei tau, “Tōna Kanohi, Kauae Moko: The Face that Turns Towards her Ancient Self”, kei roto i tēnei tuhinga he kōrero whaiaro e pā ana ki te tāmoko kauae, me ētahi o ngā maniore ahurea-whakawhitinga uru mai ki tērā whakaritenga i roto i tō mātou whānau. Ka whakaahuahia anō taku tuhinga roa ‘Te Pūtahitanga o Ngā Tai e Rua (Collins, 2004). Ko te whāinga a te tuhinga he whakarato tirohanga mātatau hou e pā ana ki ngā wero, hauaitu me ngā awe piri ki te hunga whai totorua- Māori-Pākehā i Aotearoa Niu Tīreni. I pūpū ake mai i ngā kōrero koiora ā ngā tāngata tokongahuru mā tahi heke mai i te toto Māori-Pākehā, ā, ka titiro ki ngā nekenekehanga haere o te wā, whaitika tonu I te huarahi kimihanga ā, whanaketanga o te awe ahurea, awe ahurea tuakiri Māori. E whakaaea ana e haere tonu ana ngā kōhikuhiku, ngā maniore; ngā whakahaere rautaki; ā, ka whakaatuhia ngā tauria e rua i te āpuruahangatia ngā whakahaereng rautaki, ā, ka puta te mānukanuka. I whakaarohia mēnā ka taea te pupuri te whakakōhatu i te ahurea Māori-Pākehā huri noa te wā, inā rā i te āhua o ngā rerekētanga me te aukati iwi i rō porihanga. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaituku kōrero o te tuhinga nei, he ihupuku teitei i roto i te mātauranga, te mahi, te tuakiritanga me te hāpori i roto i tōna Māoritanga. Nā ēnei whiwhinga pea i āwhinahia ai te pae o tōna whaitake-whaiaro i taea ai te hiki i te kōhukihukinga o te mau ki o rātou tuakiri rua. I te whakaaranga rangatiranga ahurea, tōrangapū Māori te whakaurunga mai o te rangatiratanga o te Māori rerekē anō ana i te iwi Pākehā/Kiritea, engari ko tā tēnei tuhinga he rangahau i te tautoro — ira, ahurea, hāpori — i waenganui i ngā rōpū tuakiri e rua, ka whakauru tirohanga hou ki te kanorautanga kai roto i te rōpū tuakiri Māori.

Singing Their Way Home

2020 ◽  
pp. 411-428
Author(s):  
Eliyana R. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Human Spirit ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Face ◽  
Polish Jews ◽  
The Many ◽  
Spiritual Resistance ◽  
The Way

This chapter analyzes the way wartime experiences were reflected in the songs of Polish Jews who escaped the Holocaust by fleeing to the Soviet Union. It introduces both the contours of the controversy and the broad outlines of what the Polish Jews went through during the war years. It also looks into the research about partisans and ghetto fighters that far outweighs their significance and their percentage of the Jewish population in Europe. The chapter investigates the hegemony of armed resistance by introducing the idea of “spiritual resistance,” which encompassed explicitly religious and other actions that raised the human spirit in the face of the Nazi effort to destroy it. It identifies singing as one of the many phenomena to describe spiritual resistance, which is considered an act that could have no possible effect on the war and yet allowed its victims to find the strength to continue living.

Ideology and Its Ethics: Maria Da̧browska's Jewish (and Polish) Problem

Slavic Review ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-421
Author(s):  
Rachel Feldhay Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Human Interaction ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Warsaw Ghetto ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Face ◽  
Polish Jews ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

This article is part of a project that examines Polish writers' diaristic responses to the Warsaw ghetto and to the Holocaust in general. Rachel Feldhay Brenner examines Maria Da̧browska's response in the context of her prewar attitude to Polish Jews, which was shaped by her nationalistic ideology of Poland's messianic position among the nations. Although Da̧browska publicly denounced Endecja and its antisemitism, in private she cultivated a powerful sense of ressentiment toward the Jews, seeing Jews as outsiders who stood in the way of Poland realizing its special mission. This attitude persisted during the Holocaust and explains Da̧browska's emotional disengagement in the face of Jewish extermination. In the postwar years, her resentment became more pronounced, as even Jewish suffering in the Holocaust became an object of competition and envy. Da̧browska's response to the Holocaust offers a poignant example of the impact of ideological beliefs on emotional and ethical aspects of human interaction.

scholarly journals THE SUBJECTIVE DIMENSION OF NAZISM

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
MORITZ FÖLLMER
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
German Society ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Violent Acts ◽  
Film Stars ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTThe present historiographical review discusses the subjective dimension of Nazism, an ideology and regime that needed translation into self-definitions, gender roles, and bodily practices to implant itself in German society and mobilize it for racial war. These studies include biographies of some of the Third Reich's most important protagonists, which have important things to say about their self-understandings in conjunction with the circumstances they encountered and subsequently shaped; cultural histories of important twentieth-century figures such as film stars, housewives, or consumers, which add new insights to the ongoing debate about the Third Reich's modernity; studies that address participation in the Nazi Empire and the Holocaust through discourses and practices of comradeship, work in extermination camps, and female ‘help’ within the Wehrmacht. In discussing these monographs, along the way incorporating further books and articles, the piece attempts to draw connections between specific topics and think about new possibilities for synthesis in an overcompartmentalized field. It aims less to define a ‘Nazi subject’ than to bring us closer to understanding how Hitler's movement and regime connected different, shifting subject positions through both cohesion and competition, creating a dynamic that kept producing new exclusions and violent acts.

scholarly journals PELAKSANAAN HAJI MELALUI PENERAPAN FORMAL DALAM PERATURAN HAJI DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Andi Intan Cahyani
Keyword(s):  
Men And Women ◽  
Eastern Hemisphere ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Way

AbstractHajj in the sense of making a pilgrimage to a place that has been determined with the intention and purpose of worship, known by all mankind through religious guidance or advice, especially in the eastern hemisphere. By carrying out this worship is expected to be able to lead people to get to know themselves, cleanse and purify their souls, All scholars agree with the way Ijma 'that the Hajj is mandatory for all Muslims, both men and women. Hajj is indeed an obligation for Muslims where the general requirements are Islam, peace, understanding and ability. In carrying out the pilgrimage there are pillars of pilgrimage that must be done namely ihram, wukuf, tawaf, sa'I, and tahallul. Special prohibitions for men are to wear clothing that is sewn deeply when performing Ihram, wear headgear while in Ihram, and wear shoes that cover the ankles during the Ihram process. Special prohibition for women is not allowed to cover the face and hands when doing Ihram. Keywords: Law, Hajj Implementation, Hajj Regulations. AbstrakHaji dalam artian berziarah ke suatu tempat yang telah ditentukan dengan niat dan tujuan untuk beribadah, dikenal oleh seluruh umat manusia melalui tuntunan atau anjuran agama, terkhusus pada belahan dunia bagian Timur. Dengan melaksanakan ibadah ini diharapkan mampu mengantar manusia untuk lebih mengenal jati diri, membersihkan dan mensucikan jiwa-jiwa mereka, Semua ulama sepakat dengan jalan Ijma’ bahwa hukum haji wajib bagi semua umat Islam, baik itu laki-laki maupun bagi perempuan. Haji memang suatu kewajiban bagi kaum muslim yang mana syarat-syarat umum yaitu islam, baligh, berakal, dan mampu. Dalam melaksanakan ibadah haji terdapat rukun-rukun haji yang wajib dilakukan yaitu ihram, wukuf, tawaf, sa’I, dan tahallul. Larangan khusus bagi kaum pria adalah memakai pakaian yang berjahit dalam pada saat melakukan ihram, memakai tutup kepala selama dalam ihram, dan memakai sepatu yang menutupi mata kaki selama proses ihram. Larangan khusus untuk kaum wanita adalah tidak diperbolehkan menutup muka dan tangan sewaktu melakukan ihram.Kata Kunci : Hukum, Pelaksanaan Haji, Peraturan Haji.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Reactivity

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Whited ◽  
Kevin T. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

Sex differences in cardiovascular reactivity to stress are well documented, with some studies showing women having greater heart rate responses than men, and men having greater blood pressure responses than women, while other studies show conflicting evidence. Few studies have attended to the gender relevance of tasks employed in these studies. This study investigated cardiovascular reactivity to two interpersonal stressors consistent with different gender roles to determine whether response differences exist between men and women. A total of 26 men and 31 women were assigned to either a traditional male-oriented task that involved interpersonal conflict (Conflict Task) or a traditional female-oriented task that involved comforting another person (Comfort Task). Results demonstrated that women exhibited greater heart rate reactions than men independent of the task type, and that men did not display a higher reactivity than women on any measure. These findings indicate that sex of participant was more important than gender relevance of the task in eliciting sex differences in cardiovascular responding.

Heritage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Shaikh ◽  
Stefano Bonino
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Online Video ◽  
The South ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Public ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Community Heritage ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
The Way

The Colourful Heritage Project (CHP) is the first community heritage focused charitable initiative in Scotland aiming to preserve and to celebrate the contributions of early South Asian and Muslim migrants to Scotland. It has successfully collated a considerable number of oral stories to create an online video archive, providing first-hand accounts of the personal journeys and emotions of the arrival of the earliest generation of these migrants in Scotland and highlighting the inspiring lessons that can be learnt from them. The CHP’s aims are first to capture these stories, second to celebrate the community’s achievements, and third to inspire present and future South Asian, Muslim and Scottish generations. It is a community-led charitable project that has been actively documenting a collection of inspirational stories and personal accounts, uniquely told by the protagonists themselves, describing at first hand their stories and adventures. These range all the way from the time of partition itself to resettling in Pakistan, and then to their final accounts of arriving in Scotland. The video footage enables the public to see their facial expressions, feel their emotions and hear their voices, creating poignant memories of these great men and women, and helping to gain a better understanding of the South Asian and Muslim community’s earliest days in Scotland.

Making a Right Tit of Myself: Subverting the Trajectory of Mastectomy: Soma, Psyche, Techné

Somatechnics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-30
Author(s):  
Fiona K. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Personal Narrative ◽  
Abrupt Transition ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
Return Journey ◽  
The Uk

In the UK, when one is suspected of having breast cancer there is usually a rapid transition from being diagnosed, to being told you require treatment, to this being effected. Hence, there is a sense of an abrupt transition from ‘normal’ embodiment through somatechnic engagement; from normality, to failure and otherness. The return journey to ‘embodied normality’, if indeed there can be one, is the focus of this paper; specifically the durée and trajectory of such normalisation. I offer a personal narrative from encountering these ‘normalising interventions’, supported by the narratives of other ‘breast cancer survivors’. Indeed, I havechosento become acquainted with my altered/novel embodiment, rather than the symmetrisation of prosthetication, to ‘wear my scars’,and thus subvert the trajectory of mastectomy. I broach and brook various encounters with failure by having, being and doing a body otherwise; exploring, mastering and re-capacitating my embodiment, finding the virtuosity of failure and subversion. To challenge the durée of ‘normalisation’ I have engaged in somatic movement practices which allow actual capacities of embodiment to be realised; thorough kinaesthetic praxis and expression. This paper asks is it soma, psyche or techné that has failed me, or have I failed them? What mimetic chimera ‘should’ I become? What choices do we have in the face of failure? What subversions can be allowed? How subtle must one be? What referent shall I choose? What might one assimilate? Will mimesis get me in the end? What capacities can one find? How shall I belong? Where / wear is my fidelity? The hope here is to address the intra-personal phenomenological character and the inter-corporeal socio-ethico-political aspects that this body of failure engenders, as one amongst many.

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