scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CRUDE OIL PRODUCTS ON RC STRUCTURE DESTRUCTION / NEAPDIRBTOS NAFTOS PRODUKTŲ ĮTAKA GELŽBETONIO STRUKTŪROS SUARDYMUI

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Z. Błaszczynski
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Progressive Failure ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Rc Structure ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Concrete Damage ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

It is known that RC industrial structures are liable to the effects of crude oil products, which may have a disadvantageous influence on their exploitation and safety. Within this research, the influence of crude oil products on the physico-mechanical properties of mature concrete, as well as other possible mechanisms of RC progressive failure have been analysed. Crude oil products with a very low neutralisation number were found to be physico-chemical active agents affecting concrete. Experimental analysis undertaken in order to assess the compressive strength of concrete and its bond to reinforcements is described. Long term investigations were conducted in order to determine the effects of a group of crude oil products—mineral oils—on the properties of concrete and reinforced concrete samples. Detailed results of this research are included in the paper. Comparing the influence of different mineral oils on the compressive strength of concrete, leads to the conclusion that there are large differences in their effects. The paper also attempts to answer the question of how the characteristics of RC structure bonds change over time of exposure to mineral oils. The problem of the influence of organic agents on concrete and its bond under conditions of natural humidity is mainly linked to its structure. In the case of oil products, there are four possible mechanisms i.e., biological, chemical, physical and physico-chemical, affecting concrete, its bond and, sometimes, reinforcements. Each of these mechanisms is presented. Necessary laboratory tests were performed in order to prove the thesis that the content of active surface polar molecules in active agents is the reason behind concrete damage brought about by crude oil products. The conducted experiments demonstrated that the effects of artificial environments (on concrete) prepared by the author, are the same as those of widely used industrial mineral oils. Santrauka Yra žinoma, kad gelžbetoninės pramoninės konstrukcijos yra jautrios neapdirbtos naftos produktams, o tai gali turėti neigiamąįtaką jų eksploatacijai ir saugumui. Šiame tyrime analizuojama neapdirbtos naftos produktų įtaka brandaus betono fizinėms ir mechaninėms savybėms, aptariami galimi poveikiai, skatinantys progresyvų gelžbetonio irimą. Buvo nustatyta, kad neapdirbtos naftos produktai, turintys labai žemą neutralizavimo laipsnį, yra fiziniai ir cheminiai reagentai, veikiantys betoną. Straipsnyje aptariamas eksperimentas, kuris buvo atliktas siekiant įvertinti betono stiprį gniuždant ir jo sukibtį su armatūra. Buvo atlikti ilgai trunkantys bandymai, siekiant nustatyti neapdirbtos naftos produktų grupės—mineralinių naftos produktų—poveikį betono savybėms ir armatūros bandiniams. Šiame straipsnyje pateikiami išsamūs tyrimų rezultatai. Skirtingų mineralinių naftos produktų poveikio betono stipriui palyginimas leidžia daryti išvadą, kad poveikiai gali būti labai skirtingi. Straipsnyje stengiamasi atsakyti į klausimą—kaip keičiasi gelžbetonio sukibtis laikui bėgant, jo neapsaugojus nuo mineralinių naftos produktų poveikio. Natūralios drėgmėssąlygomis organinių reagentų įtaka betonui ir jo sukibčiai daugiausia priklauso nuo jo struktūros. Veikiant naftos produktams galimi keturi pagrindiniai poveikiai—biologinis, cheminis, fizinis, fizinis ir cheminis, kurie veikia betoną, jo sukibimą ir kartais armatūrą. Kiekvienas šių poveikių yra aptariamas straipsnyje. Siekiant įrodyti teiginį, kad aktyvios paviršiaus polinės molekulės, esančios aktyviuose reagentuose, yra priežastis, dėl kurios betonas veikiamas neapdirbtos naftos produktų, buvo atlikti būtini laboratoriniai bandymai. Atlikti eksperimentai parodė, kad dirbtinės aplinkos poveikiai (betonui), sumodeliuoti autoriaus, yra tokie patys kaip ir tie, kurie atsiranda dėl plačiai naudojamų pramoninių naftos produktų.

The Influence of the Physico-Chemical Properties of Water on the Compressive Strength of Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 20244-20253
Author(s):  
Benjamin Boahene Akomah ◽  
Emmanuel Nana Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Aquarium Water ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Different Sources

Objective: To determine the influence of the physico-chemical compositions of the different sources of water on the compressive strength of concrete. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two 150mm x 150mm concrete specimen were cast using six different sources of water and cured using the same water sources by immersion for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Each water sample was used to produce 12 specimen, three each for the four different ages. Concrete cubes were weighed using digital weighing machine before testing. Test for compressive strength was done using digital compressive test machine after which the Average Compressive Strength (ACS) of the three samples was determined. Results: The silt content of the fine aggregates used was within the recommended percentage specified by the IS part II 1963. The results obtained from the slump test classifies the concrete produced for the study as stiff or extremely dry. Though the Amissano and Aquarium water recorded some amount of slump, their slumps could still be described as no-slump and cannot be classified. The figures for the compacting factor test indicated low workability for the concrete produced for the test. It was only the concrete produced from the Kakum river water that had a medium workability. The sea water recorded the highest pH and was followed by the Kakumdo well water. The least pH was recorded by the Amissano well water. The total dissolved solid (TDS) of the Kakumdo well water and the sea water were far higher than the Ghana standards. On the other hand, the figures recorded by the Kakum water for chloride, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness and electric conductivity were below what is prescribed by the Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL). The calcium hardness of the Kakumdo well water was (160mg/l) more than the standard. The Amissano well water specimen recorded the least ACS both at age 7 and 28. This was the lowest among all the samples produced from the various sources of water used for the experiment. The significant strength increase of the Amissano well water samples was recorded at age 14 and 21. The Kakumdo water specimen recorded the highest earliest strength of 20.339KN/mm2 and was followed by the Kakum river water. The samples from this source still recorded the highest at age 14 and 21. But at 28, it was overtaken by the Kakum river water samples with the Kakum river samples recording 26.439 KN/mm2 as against the 25.484 KN/mm2 registered by the Kakumdo well water samples. The Aquarium well water specimen recorded high strength at both age 7 and 28 than the Amissano well water specimen. Conclusion: The Aquarium water and Amissano well water were more acidic, meaning their pHs were lower than 6. This had significant influence on the ACS of the samples produced from them. This was evident in the case of the Amissano well water samples which recorded the lowest earliest strength of (12.173N/) among the six sources. The ACS difference recorded between the Aquarium and Amissano well water samples which were all acidic was 5.379KN/mm2. This means that higher the acidity of the water use for the production of concrete, the lower the ACS. The Amissano well water was 10 times more acidic than the Aquarium water and 20 times higher than the Kakum river water, pipe borne water and Kakumdo well water but 40 times higher than the sea water.

scholarly journals Modeling the Effect of Crude Oil Impacted Sand on the Properties of Concrete Using Artificial Neural Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. Ajagbe ◽  
A. A. Ganiyu ◽  
M. O. Owoyele ◽  
J. O. Labiran
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Activation Function ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Number Of Iterations

A network of the feedforward-type artificial neural networks (ANNs) was used to predict the compressive strength of concrete made from crude oil contaminated soil samples at 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, 84, and 168 days at different degrees of contamination of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. A total of 49 samples were used in the training, testing, and prediction phase of the modeling in the ratio 32 : 11 : 7. The TANH activation function was used and the maximum number of iterations was limited to 20,000 the model used a momentum of 0.6 and a learning rate of 0.031056. Twenty (20) different architectures were considered and the most suitable one was the 2-2-1. Statistical analysis of the output of the network was carried out and the correlation coefficient of the training and testing data is 0.9955712 and 0.980097. The result of the network has shown that the use of neural networks is effective in the prediction of the compressive strength of concrete made from crude oil impacted sand.

Effect of Crude Oil Impacted Sand on compressive strength of concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasiu O. Ajagbe ◽  
Olusola S. Omokehinde ◽  
Gabriel A. Alade ◽  
Oluwole A. Agbede
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

scholarly journals Liquid Penetration Depth and Strength of Concretes Modified with Polymer Admixtures Under the Action of Crude-Oil Products

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Gruszczyński ◽  
Małgorzata Lenart
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Liquid Penetration ◽  
Polymer Dispersion ◽  
Standard Mixture ◽  
Mineralized Water ◽  
Polymer Dispersions ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

In the present article, the research results of concretes modified with a polymer dispersion of vinyl-benzene and acrylic (PC1) and with a styrene–butadiene dispersion (PC2) are discussed. Concretes were exposed to diesel, non-ethylated fuel, and the standard mixture of light liquids for 1000 h. Concretes modified with polymer dispersions, especially with the styrene–butadiene dispersion (PC2), indicated a smaller degree of liquid penetration into the depth of samples compared to the control concrete. The compressive strength for tested concretes, determined after 1000 h of storage in crude-oil products, in comparison to the strength of samples stored in de-mineralized water was significantly decreased, with the maximum differences equal to 12% for PC2 concrete.

scholarly journals KAJIAN PERBAIKAN STRUKTUR PERKERASAN KAKU MENGGUNAKAN METODE PRESSURE GROUTING DENGAN MATERIAL POLYURETHANE DAN EPOXY (Studi Kasus : Ruas Jalan Patriot – Perintis Kemerdekaan Kota Pekalongan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Arif Junianto ◽  
Rifqi Maulana Ramadhan ◽  
Jantayu Padma Utari ◽  
Kusdiyono Kusdiyono ◽  
Dadiyono Amat Pawiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
Epoxy Material ◽  
Concrete Damage ◽  
Pressure Grouting ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Average Compressive Strength

Today the implementation of road infrastructure development using concrete pavement is experiencing rapid development because it can serve heavy and heavy traffic loads. But there are some problems that often arise in the use of concrete for pavement, causing damage (cracks). Repair of concrete cracks using pressure grouting method is one solution that can be used to improve the strength of concrete. This study discusses the comparison of the effectiveness of using polyurethane and epoxy materials in an effort to improve the rigid pavement structure. The research method used was to carry out repairs to the concrete structure on the Independence Patriotic-Road Section of Pekalongan City using polyurethane and epoxy materials. In this study each of the 5 existing normal (non-damaged) concrete samples, concrete repaired with polyurethane material and repaired concrete using epoxy material using core drill method, which will then be tested for compressive strength in the laboratory, as well as hammer test testing. to find out the strength of the existing concrete damage. The results showed that the average compressive strength of normal existing concrete (not damaged) amounted to 59.20 N/mm2, the average compressive strength of concrete that experienced cracks was 27.04 N/mm2, the average compressive strength value of repair concrete using polyurethane material is 31.92 N/mm2 (increasing by 15.17%) and the average compressive strength of concrete repair using epoxy material is 45.22 N/mm2 (increased by 56.53%).

Variasi Penambahan Sika Cim Dan Fiber Kawat Pada Beton Mutu Fc’ 30 Mpa

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
M Zainul Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Astm Method ◽  
Additive Type ◽  
Composition Variation ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

This research was conducted to determine the value of the highest compressive strength from the ratio of normal concrete to normal concrete plus additive types of Sika Cim with a composition variation of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, 1 , 50% and 1.75% of the weight of cement besides that in this study also aims to find the highest tensile strength from the ratio of normal concrete to normal concrete in the mixture of sika cim composition at the highest compressive strength above and after that added fiber wire with a size diameter of 1 mm in length 100 mm with a ratio of 1% of material weight. The concrete mix plan was calculated using the ASTM method, the matrial composition of the normal concrete mixture as follows, 314 kg / m3 cement, 789 kg / m3 sand, 1125 kg / m3 gravel and 189 liters / m3 of water at 10 cm slump, then normal concrete added variations of the composition of sika cim 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, 1.5%, 1.75% by weight of cement and fiber, the tests carried out were compressive strength of concrete and tensile strength of concrete, normal maintenance is soaked in fresh water for 28 days at 30oC. From the test results it was found that the normal concrete compressive strength at the age of 28 days was fc1 30 Mpa, the variation in the addition of the sika cim additive type mineral was achieved in composition 0.75% of the cement weight of fc1 40.2 Mpa 30C. Besides that the tensile strength test results were 28 days old with the addition of 1% fiber wire mineral to the weight of the material at a curing temperature of 30oC of 7.5%.

Determination of Concrete Cube Strength from Used Samples / Určení Krychelné Pevnosti Betonu U Použitých Zkušebních Trámců

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldřich Sucharda ◽  
David Mikolášek ◽  
Jiří Brožovský
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Cube Strength ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Concrete Cube

Abstract This paper deals with the determination of compressive strength of concrete. Cubes, cylinders and re-used test beams were tested. The concrete beams were first subjected to three-point or fourpoint bending tests and then used for determination of the compressive strength of concrete. Some concrete beams were reinforced, while others had no reinforcement. Accuracy of the experiments and calculations was verified in a non-linear analysis.

scholarly journals Linkages between Energy Delivery and Economic Growth from the Point of View of Sustainable Development and Seaports

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4255
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Szaruga ◽  
Zuzanna Kłos-Adamkiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Gozdek ◽  
Elżbieta Załoga
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The One ◽  
Oil And Oil Products

This paper presents the synchronisation of economic cycles of GDP and crude oil and oil products cargo volumes in major Polish seaports. On the one hand, this issue fits into the concept of sustainable development including decoupling; on the other hand, the synchronisation may be an early warning tool. Crude oil and oil products cargo volumes are a specific barometer that predicts the next economic cycle, especially as they are primary sources of energy production. The research study applies a number of TRAMO/SEATS methods, the Hodrick–Prescott filter, spectral analysis, correlation and cross-correlation function. Noteworthy is the modern approach of using synchronisation of economic cycles as a tool, which was described in the paper. According to the study results, the cyclical components of the cargo traffic and GDP were affected by the leakage of other short-term cycles. However, based on the cross-correlation, it was proved that changes in crude oil and oil products cargo volumes preceded changes in GDP by 1–3 quarters, which may be valuable information for decision-makers and economic development planners.

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