scholarly journals STRATEGIC PLANNING OF THE ROLLING STOCK IN TRANSPORTATION BY RAIL

Transport ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 230-233
Author(s):  
Saulius Kaminskas
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Service ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Planning the structure and volume of the rolling stock is a key factor of achieving maximum efficiency of transportation by rail as well as forecasting the demand for these it transport facilities. The demand for trains is a time — dependant variable which in each case should be determined by two main approaches. The first method allows us to determine quantitative parameters of rolling stock (i.e. kilometers logged, efficiency, turnover, etc.). The second is based on specially developed mathematical models relying on qualitative characteristics such as relative expenses, efficiency of the particular train, relative expenditure of resources, cost of the trains, etc. Planning the volume of the rolling stock the determination of optimal service life of the trains plays an important role. The calculations involve repair costs, number of overhauls, current expenses and other operational characteristics.

scholarly journals PLANNING OF THE AMOUNT OF TRAINS NEEDED FOR TRANSPORTATION BY RAIL

Transport ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Jonaitis
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Service ◽  
Railway Planning ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Crew Planning ◽  
Planning Problems

The article analyses the importance of planning process of rail transportation. Railway planning problems are presented in this paper. Planning the railways for years, months, weeks or days ahead leads to substantially different problems; in this regard railway planning problems can be strategic, tactical, operational and short‐term. Another way to classify railway planning problems is based on their target: they concern the timetable, the rolling stock and the crew. Planning the structure and volume of the rolling stock is a key factor in achieving maximum efficiency of transportation by rail as well as forecasting the demand for these transport facilities. The demand for trains is a time‐dependant variable which in each case should be determined by two main approaches. The first method allows us to determine quantitative parameters of rolling stock (i.e. kilometers logged, efficiency, turnover, etc.). The second is based on specially developed mathematical models relying on qualitative characteristics such as relative expenses, efficiency of the particular train, relative expenditure of resources, cost of the trains, etc. Planning the volume of the rolling stock the determination of optimal service life of the trains plays an important role. The calculations involve repair costs, number of overhauls, current expenses and operational characteristics.

scholarly journals Thermomechanical voltages in the insulation of traction electric machines of locomotive

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (4) ◽  
pp. 042087
Author(s):  
V V Grachev ◽  
M A Shrajber
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Electric Machines ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Optimal Service ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cost Of Materials ◽  
Electric Traction ◽  
The Cost

Abstract In recent years, the production of locomotives in our country has increased significantly. At the same time, a lot of efforts are made to increase the power, reliability and efficiency of their work. One of the key components of any locomotive is electric traction machines, which are usually designed to the limit in order to obtain maximum torque and power density in the limited space of the rolling stock. Previously, this problem was solved by increasing the electromagnetic properties of materials, thermal conductivity of insulating materials. However, this path has exhausted the possibilities for increasing the efficiency of traction electric machines. As the design of traction electric machines improves, their level of functionality, reliability and durability increases, electric traction systems become more relevant and important for reducing the cost of materials, maintenance and ensuring traffic safety. The insulation state of the windings of traction electric machines mainly determines their reliability and performance, affects the service life and the cost of maintenance. Therefore, when designing a traction electric machine, it is important to take into account all operational factors that determine the optimal service life of a locomotive. The article discusses the effect of thermomechanical stresses in the insulation of traction electric machines on their reliability and durability.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF THE ROLLING STOCK SERVICE LIFE AT TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Artyom V. Bazanov ◽  
◽  
Nikolay O. Sapozhenkov ◽  
Ruslan B. Alykov ◽  
Alexander I. Kozhederov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Optimal Service ◽  
Effective Use

The operation of the rolling stock at transport enterprises is connected with the influence of many factors, and due to their analysis, it is possible to determine the optimal service life of rolling stock to increase the economic efficiency of transport processes. The scientific novelty of the research is represented by the results of experimental data statistical processing that can be used to count the studied patterns models’ parameters for various vehicles and for empirical equations for predicting operating costs based on actual data are established. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the improvement of technical and economic methods for optimizing the service life of rolling stock based on open information without carrying out resource tests and long-term observations. This makes it possible to assess the operating costs with a high degree of reliability, reasonably form preferences in vehicle configuration and rationally determine the period of effective use, taking into account the type of fuel and the dynamics of changes in the secondary market residual value.

scholarly journals The determination of the vehicles optimal service life

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
Ljubiša Brkić
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Optimal Service

scholarly journals Resource assessment in the collision of modern designed tank cars manufactured by JSC “Ruzkhimmash”

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
V. V. Galov ◽  
◽  
V. A. Bashmakov ◽  
A. V. Grigoriev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Design Documentation ◽  
Life Tests ◽  
Loading Modes

Objective: To study the nature of fatigue damage in modern tank cars using the results of multiple collision life tests. To show the need for life tests by making appropriate changes to design documentation and increasing the competitiveness of products due to the increase in service life. To confirm the possibility of a longer service life of the wagons. To identify potentially hazardous areas in car’s structure, most susceptible to damage during operation. Methods: An experimental method was applied to assess the indicators of the cyclic durability on elements of the car’s structure by testing the resource in multiple collisions. Mathematical statistics were used to assess the test results and identify fatigue damage. Results: A comparative analysis was conducted on the design features of tested cars. The procedure for testing in impacts is also described. A statistical assessment of loading modes and accumulated fatigue damage is presented. Failures were experienced that impeded further testing. The results of the tests confirmed an increase in the service life of the cars of up to 32 years. On the basis of the detected damage, the car structure zones most susceptible to damage in operation were statistically determined. Practical importance: The need to increase the service life of cars up to 32 years was confirmed. The results of the tests carried out made it possible to make appropriate changes in the design documentation and to increase the competitiveness of cars produced by JSC Ruzkhimmash in the modern market. The accumulated experimental data can be used in the future design of tank cars giving improved operational characteristics compared to the existing rolling stock, including structural units subject to fatigue damage during operation.

DETERMINATION OF THE JUICE EVAPORATION MATHEMATICAL MODELS EFFICIENCY FOR AUTOMATED PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
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Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Process Control Systems ◽  
Automated Process

Tribology of rail bogie

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-240
Author(s):  
D. P. Markov
Keyword(s):  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Approximate Estimation ◽  
Railway Bogie ◽  
Classical Calculation

Railway bogie is the basic element that determines the force, kinematic, power and other parameters of the rolling stock, and its movement in the railway track has not been studied enough. Classical calculation of the kinematic and dynamic parameters of the bogie's motion with the determination of the position of its center of rotation, the instantaneous axes of rotation of wheelsets, the magnitudes and directions of all forces present a difficult problem even in quasi-static theory. The paper shows a simplified method that allows one to explain, within the limits of one article, the main kinematic and force parameters of the bogie movement (installation angles, clearance between the wheel flanges and side surfaces of the rails), wear and contact damage to the wheels and rails. Tribology of the railway bogie is an important part of transport tribology, the foundation of the theory of wheel-rail tribosystem, without which it is impossible to understand the mechanisms of catastrophic wear, derailments, contact fatigue, cohesion of wheels and rails. In the article basic questions are considered, without which it is impossible to analyze the movement of the bogie: physical foundations of wheel movement along the rail, types of relative motion of contacting bodies, tribological characteristics linking the force and kinematic parameters of the bogie. Kinematics and dynamics of a two-wheeled bogie-rail bicycle are analyzed instead of a single wheel and a wheelset, which makes it clearer and easier to explain how and what forces act on the bogie and how they affect on its position in the rail track. To calculate the motion parameters of a four-wheeled bogie, it is represented as two two-wheeled, moving each on its own rail. Connections between them are replaced by moments with respect to the point of contact between the flange of the guide wheel and the rail. This approach made it possible to give an approximate estimation of the main kinematic and force parameters of the motion of an ideal bogie (without axes skewing) in curves, to understand how the corners of the bogie installation and the gaps between the flanges of the wheels and rails vary when moving with different speeds, how wear and contact injuries arise and to give recommendations for their assessment and elimination.

scholarly journals Pitfalls in the Immunochemical Determination of β‑Lactam Antibiotics in Water

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Alexander Ecke ◽  
Rudolf J. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Antibody Recognition ◽  
Immunochemical Determination ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Lactam Ring

Contamination of waters with pharmaceuticals is an alarming problem as it may support the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, fast and cost-effective analytical methods for potential on-site analysis are desired in order to control the water quality and assure the safety of its use as a source of drinking water. Antibody-based methods, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), can be helpful in this regard but can also have certain pitfalls in store, depending on the analyte. As shown here for the class of β-lactam antibiotics, hydrolysis of the β‑lactam ring is a key factor in the immunochemical analysis as it influences antibody recognition. With the antibody used in this study, the limit of detection (LOD) in the immunoassay could be significantly reduced by hydrolysis for the five tested penicillins, with the lowest LOD for carbenicillin (0.2 nmol/L) and the greatest impact on penicillins G and V (reduction by 85%). In addition to enhanced quantification, our strategy also provides access to information about the degree of hydrolysis in water samples as shown for the most abundant penicillin amoxicillin.

scholarly journals Effect of data quality on estimates of farm infectiousness trends in the UK 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (13) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Savill ◽  
Darren J Shaw ◽  
Rob Deardon ◽  
Michael J Tildesley ◽  
Matthew J Keeling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Inaccurate Data ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Parameter Values

Most of the mathematical models that were developed to study the UK 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic assumed that the infectiousness of infected premises was constant over their infectious periods. However, there is some controversy over whether this assumption is appropriate. Uncertainty about which farm infected which in 2001 means that the only method to determine if there were trends in farm infectiousness is the fitting of mechanistic mathematical models to the epidemic data. The parameter values that are estimated using this technique, however, may be influenced by missing and inaccurate data. In particular to the UK 2001 epidemic, this includes unreported infectives, inaccurate farm infection dates and unknown farm latent periods. Here, we show that such data degradation prevents successful determination of trends in farm infectiousness.

scholarly journals Determination of the Vertical Load on the Carrying Structure of a Flat Wagon with the 18–100 and Y25 Bogies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4130
Author(s):  
Oleksij Fomin ◽  
Alyona Lovska ◽  
Václav Píštěk ◽  
Pavel Kučera
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Mathcad Software ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The study deals with determination of the vertical load on the carrying structure of a flat wagon on the 18–100 and Y25 bogies using mathematic modelling. The study was made for an empty wagon passing over a joint irregularity. The authors calculated the carrying structure of a flat wagon with the designed parameters and the actual features recorded during field tests. The mathematical model was solved in MathCad software. The study found that application of the Y25 bogie for a flat wagon with the designed parameters can decrease the dynamic load by 41.1% in comparison to that with the 18–100 bogie. Therefore, application of the Y25 bogie under a flat wagon with the actual parameters allows decreasing the dynamic loading by 41.4% in comparison to that with the 18–100 bogie. The study also looks at the service life of the supporting structure of a flat wagon with the Y25 bogie, which can be more than twice as long as the 18–100 bogie. The research can be of interest for specialists concerned with improvements in the dynamic characteristics and the fatigue strength of freight cars, safe rail operation, freight security, and the results of the research can be used for development of innovative wagon structures.

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