scholarly journals EVENT RISK COVENANTS, DESIGN PARAMETERS AND AGENCY ISSUES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HIGH YIELD VERSUS INVESTMENT GRADE BONDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (0) ◽  
pp. 331-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Agency Cost ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Growth Options ◽  
Managerial Entrenchment ◽  
Event Risk ◽  
Call Protection ◽  
Investment Grade

We analyse security design parameters of 1,115 high yield (HY) and investment grade (IG) event risk covenants (ERC) protected issues between 1986 and 2012 from the agency conflict perspective. We find positive and significant stock price reaction to the issuance of HY but not the IG issues. Although, majority of these issues carry a call provision, we find significant design differences in the call provision between HY and IG issues. We find that HY issues provide strong call protection to mitigate the risk of a call due to ratings upgrade, compromising firm’s financial flexibility; resulting financial distress is mitigated by the ERC. IG issues provide weak call protection to fully exploit growth options however, role of ERC is not apparent. We also find evidence of increase in managerial entrenchment due to the presence of ERC in HY firms however, reduction in agency cost of debt supersedes cost of managerial entrenchment.

scholarly journals Stock Price Reactions To Debt Initial Public Offering Announcements

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Cai ◽  
Heiwai Lee
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cumulative Abnormal Return ◽  
Bond Rating ◽  
Valuation Effect ◽  
Stock Price Reaction ◽  
Investment Grade ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
Risk Investment

We examine the valuation effect of initial public debt offers on issuing firms common stock for the period 1970 to 2010. In contrast to findings for seasoned debt offerings, we find a statistically significant cumulative abnormal return of -0.24 percent over the three-day announcement period for the overall sample of 1,207 debt IPOs. Consistent with the prediction of the adverse selection model of Myers and Majluf (1984), the significant negative valuation effect of debt IPOs is only associated with risky issues that are assigned a high-yield bond rating. The announcements of low-risk investment grade debt IPO issues are associated with insignificant positive stock price reaction. In addition to the certifying effect of investment grade rating, the market also reacts favorably to successful debt IPOs issued under challenging conditions.

Does Financial Distress Using Altman Z-Score Capital Affect Stock Price?

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 3127-3134
Author(s):  
Sakina Ichsani ◽  
Vincentia Wahju Widajatun ◽  
Dede Hertina
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Z Score

Financial Distress Risk and Stock Price Crashes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoforos Andreou ◽  
Panayiotis C. Andreou ◽  
Neophytos Lambertides
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Distress Risk

Capital Market Imperfections and the Sensitivity of Investment to Stock Prices

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei V. Ovtchinnikov ◽  
John J. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Capital Markets ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Debt Overhang ◽  
Capital Market Imperfections ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Imperfect Capital Markets ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
External Equity

AbstractPrior studies argue that investment by undervalued firms that require external equity is particularly sensitive to stock prices in irrational capital markets. We present a model in which investment can appear to be more sensitive to stock prices when capital markets are rational, but subject to imperfections such as debt overhang, information asymmetries, and financial distress costs. Our empirical tests support the rational (but imperfect) capital markets view. Specifically, investment–stock price sensitivity is related to firm leverage, financial slack, and probability of financial distress, but is not related to proxies for firm undervaluation. Because, in our model, stock prices reflect the net present values (NPVs) of investment opportunities, our results are consistent with rational capital markets improving the allocation of capital by channeling more funds to firms with positive NPV projects.

MOTIVES FOR CORPORATE HEDGING: EVIDENCE FROM THE UK

2005 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 0550003 ◽  
Author(s):  
EPHRAIM CLARK ◽  
AMRIT JUDGE
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Growth Options ◽  
Corporate Hedging ◽  
Currency Exposure ◽  
The Uk

In this paper, we use survey data and data from annual reports to identify the determinants of hedging activity of United Kingdom (UK) firms in the context of an overall program of risk management. Comparing the two sets of data makes it possible to identify misclassified firms, that is, firms whose hedging claims are not consistent across the two data sets. Our results on the consistent data show that the likelihood of hedging is related to growth options, foreign currency exposure, liquidity and economies of scale in hedging costs. Contrary to many previous US studies, we also find strong evidence linking the decision to hedge and the expected costs of financial distress. Results for the misclassified firms suggest that they are actually hedgers that hedge less extensively than the correctly classified (CC) hedgers.

SEC permits abbreviated tender and exchange offers for non-convertible high-yield and investment-grade debt securities

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Ian B. Blumenstein ◽  
J. Eric Maki ◽  
John T. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Efficient Mechanism ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Traditional Structures ◽  
Investment Grade ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – To advise companies of a recent SEC no-action letter relating to tender and exchange offers for certain debt securities. Design/methodology/approach – Reviews various conditions allowing an issuer to use a shortened timeframe in which certain debt tender/exchange offers need be kept open for as few as five business days. Findings – The abbreviated debt tender/exchange offer structure contemplated by the no-action letter provides a more efficient mechanism for conducting debt tender/exchange offers in certain circumstances. Practical implications – Issuers conducting a debt tender/exchange offer should consider whether the new abbreviated structure is more effective in achieving their objectives than the more traditional structures. Originality/value – Practical guidance from experienced securities regulatory lawyers that gives an overview of important developments in debt tender/exchange offer practice.

scholarly journals DOES MARKET MICROSTRUCTURE MATTER? FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP TO AGENCY COST

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Ismiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Stock Price ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Agency Cost ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Price Premium ◽  
Price Discount ◽  
Divergence Of Opinion ◽  
Study Results

This research provides measure of absolute and relative equity agency costs for corporations under different ownership and management structures. Miller (1977) argues that divergence of opinion among investors causes the price difference of the price of a security. The dispute mechanism causes the forming price to be further of closer to its intrinsic value. Greater the divergence of opinion, causes greater the gap between the price and its’ intrinsic value. This study tests a new condition that reflects the existence of agency conflict, which is the conditions of stock price premium and stock price discount and related to agency cost control mechanism through foreign and domestic institutional ownership. The two conditions then called as price spread. This study tests four interrelated hypotheses in conditions of stock price premium and stock price discount that related to agency cost, foreign institutional ownership and domestic institutional ownership. Analysis method employs complete structural equation model (SEM), and multigroup SEM with constrained and unconstrained parameters. The direction of the study results consistent with result prediction. Nevertheless, there is one insignificant relationship, which is domestic institutional ownership towards agency cost. This indicates that the relationship hold but remains statistically unproven.

How to estimate expected credit losses – ECL – for provisioning under IFRS 9

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Gubareva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Premium ◽  
Default Risk ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Credit Default Swap ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Expected Loss ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Term Structures ◽  
Ifrs 9 ◽  
Investment Grade

PurposeThis paper provides an objective approach based on available market information capable of reducing subjectivity, inherently present in the process of expected loss provisioning under the IFRS 9.Design/methodology/approachThis paper develops the two-step methodology. Calibrating the Credit Default Swap (CDS)-implied default probabilities to the through-the-cycle default frequencies provides average weights of default component in the spread for each forward term. Then, the impairment provisions are calculated for a sample of investment grade and high yield obligors by distilling their pure default-risk term-structures from the respective term-structures of spreads. This research demonstrates how to estimate credit impairment allowances compliant with IFRS 9 framework.FindingsThis study finds that for both investment grade and high yield exposures, the weights of default component in the credit spreads always remain inferior to 33%. The research's outcomes contrast with several previous results stating that the default risk premium accounts at least for 40% of CDS spreads. The proposed methodology is applied to calculate IFRS 9 compliant provisions for a sample of investment grade and high yield obligors.Research limitations/implicationsMany issuers are not covered by individual Bloomberg valuation curves. However, the way to overcome this limitation is proposed.Practical implicationsThe proposed approach offers a clue for a better alignment of accounting practices, financial regulation and credit risk management, using expected loss metrics across diverse silos inside organizations. It encourages adopting the proposed methodology, illustrating its application to a set of bond exposures.Originality/valueNo previous research addresses impairment provisioning employing Bloomberg valuation curves. The study fills this gap.

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