RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS CONTAMINATED BY SMELTING WASTE FOR THE PERSPECTIVE OF CHEMICAL FRACTION AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION

The heavy metals contamination in soil has attracted increasing attention. In this study, the main objective was to determine three heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Cr) of soils contaminated by smelting waste, and to evaluate pollution risk. The Pb (15.48 mg/kg) and Cd (311.39 mg/kg) mean concentrations exceeded the national standard, while Cr (48.60 mg/kg) concentration did not exceed. The Heavy metal fractions analysis showed that three heavy metals were dominated by FeMn oxides fraction (Fe-Mn). The correlation and cluster analysis indicated that there was significant correlation between Cd and Pb (0.55< r < 0.96), while Cr was not correlation to Cd and Pb. The environmental pollution of heavy metals was assessed by the ratio of secondary phase and primary phase (RSP). The result showed that RSP values of Cd, Pb, and Cr range from 13.05–54.28, 16.11–4.97 and 1.61–52.33, which indicated soil was serious contaminated by them. These results showed that smelting waste discharge led to this smelter soil being seriously contaminated by multiple heavy metals which have a tendency to transport and accumulate into deep soil due to their high fractional transformation.

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Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in Sediments from Aha Lake, China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1913 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 554-556 ◽

pp. 1913-1918

Author(s):

Feng Liu ◽

Ji Wei Hu ◽

Xian Fei Huang ◽

Jing An Chen ◽

Li Ya Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Industrial Effluent ◽

Principal Component ◽

Secondary Phase ◽

Primary Phase ◽

Point Source Pollution ◽

Residual Phase ◽

Heavy Metals Contamination ◽

Mining Wastewater ◽

Aha Lake

Assessment of the pollution for the selected six heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Ni) in ten surface sediments sampled from Aha Lake in a dry season was made in the present investigation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the sources of the heavy metals contamination and two components were extracted. Analysis of the lake characteristics and point source pollution revealed that the discharge of industrial effluent and coal mining wastewater were the possible sources of these heavy metals contamination. Based on the speciation characteristics of heavy metals in sediments, the method ratio of secondary phase to primary phase (RSP) was applied to evaluate the loadings and the bioavailability of these heavy metals. The RSP evaluation exhibited that Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn and Ni were mainly associated with Fe-Mn oxides besides residual phase, while Cu mainly existed in organic phase and residual phase. In summary, the potential risk posed to the lake caused by the heavy metals was high and descended in the order of Mn > Ni > Zn > Pb > Cu > Fe.

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The concentration of heavy metals in soils around the wetlands of the Ina valley near Sławęcin / Koncentracja metali ciężkich w glebach mokradeł doliny Iny koło Sławęcina

Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych ◽

10.1515/oszn-2015-0025 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 10-14

Author(s):

Dariusz Paprota

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Granulometric Composition ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Laboratory Analysis ◽

Municipal Waste ◽

Waste Discharge ◽

Industrial Impact ◽

Sources Of Contamination ◽

Heavy Metals In Soils

Abstract Wetlands around the upper part of the Ina valley are the area of great natural value, free from negative industrial impact. In the possible sources of contamination, we could include herbicides and artificial fertilisers from fields and meadows or municipal waste discharge from a small town Recz and local farms. The soils of wetlands, situated in the left part of the Ina valley near Sławęcin, were studied. Four characteristic profiles were made, from which soil samples were collected for laboratory analysis. In the soil samples, the content of organic matter and reaction in 1 mol KCl·dm-3 were determined, whereas in mineral horizons, granulometric composition and the concentration of total and exchangeable forms of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe). As a result of conducted studies, it was found that the soils of wetlands in the Ina valley near Sławęcin, do not exhibit contamination with heavy metals but their greater accumulation was observed in the surface muck layers than in fen peat and lower lying sediments.

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IN-SITU DETECTION OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN SEAWATER WITH DIAMOND COATED ELECTRODES

Surface Review and Letters ◽

10.1142/s0218625x18501792 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (04) ◽

pp. 1850179

Author(s):

BIN ZHAO ◽

JIA LI ◽

XIANG YU ◽

JING ZHANG ◽

YI REN

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Mercury Electrode ◽

In Situ Monitoring ◽

National Standard ◽

Electrochemical Window ◽

Multiple Heavy Metals

Heavy metal pollution endangers seawater and there is urgent need for the development of effective detectors that can provide warning of heavy metal pollution. Anodic stripping voltammetry is applicable for the detection of heavy metal pollution in sea water, but it suffers from two problems that are associated with the mercury electrode used: one is insufficient sensitivity and the other is secondary pollution caused by toxic mercury. In this work, we employed boron-doped diamond electrode as an alternative to mercury electrode for the detection of heavy metals. The BDD electrode was fabricated and its electrochemical properties were ascertained. The results of this work showed that: (1) the electrode prepared has a wide electrochemical window (4.2 V) and low background current ([Formula: see text]A). (2) multiple heavy metals (Pb[Formula: see text], Cd[Formula: see text], Zn[Formula: see text] and Cu[Formula: see text]) in seawater samples are detected simultaneously with the optimized electrode, with high sensitivity and good repeatability. (3) the repeatability of the detection meets the values stipulated in the national standard. The detection period is less than 15[Formula: see text]min, and in situ monitoring of heavy metals in seawater can be achieved by automatic sampling and wireless data transmission.

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Speciation of Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments from Northern Beibu Gulf

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1977 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 1977-1981

Author(s):

Yue Han Li ◽

Ai Rong Zheng ◽

Zhi Kai Ma

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Surface Sediments ◽

Secondary Phase ◽

Primary Phase ◽

Beibu Gulf ◽

Predominant Species ◽

Sequential Extraction Method ◽

Mn Oxides

The four species of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd) were analyzed using BCR (the Bureau Communautaire de Reference) sequential extraction method. Results showed that, about the contents the four species (exchangeable and carbonate state, Fe-Mn oxides state, organic and sulfide state and residual state) in surface sediment, the average contents of Cu were 0.94 μg/g, 2.17 μg/g, 1.18 μg/g and 13.19 μg/g, respectively. the average contents of Pb were1.51 μg/g, 12.90 μg/g, 4.51 μg/g and 16.42 μg/g, respectively; the average contents of Zn were 1.82 μg/g, 13.00 μg/g, 4.20 μg/g and 48.97 μg/g, respectively; the average contents of Cd were 0.010 μg/g, 0.012 μg/g, 0.005 μg/g and 0.063 μg/g, respectively; the average contents of Cr were 0.32 μg/g, 2.98 μg/g, 4.22 μg/g and 13.19 μg/g, respectively. The predominant species of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd is residual state. The relative abundance in residual state for these elements followed the order: Cr＞Cu＞Zn＞Cd＞Pb. The pollution degree was assessed with ratio of secondary phase to primary phase. Results showed that the sediments in the northern Beibu Gulf were uncontaminated with Cu, Zn and Cr. 12 % of the sites was slightly polluted with Cd. 47 % of the sites were polluted with Pb.

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Opposite Effect of Lysine on Platelet Aggregation Induced by Arachidonate and by Other Aggregants

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1657221 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 48 (01) ◽

pp. 078-083 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C Ts'ao ◽

S J Hart ◽

D V Krajewski ◽

P G Sorensen

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Secondary Phase ◽

Aminocaproic Acid ◽

Adenosine Diphosphate ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Human Platelets ◽

Primary Phase ◽

High Doses ◽

The Many ◽

Induced Aggregation

SummaryEarlier, we found that ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA) inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen, but not aggregation by arachidonic acid (AA). Since EACA is structurally similar to lysine, yet these two agents exhibit vast difference in their antifibrinolytic activities, we chose to study the effect of lysine on platelet aggregation. We used L-lysine-HCl in these studies because of its high solubility in aqueous solutions while causing no change in pH when added to human plasma. With lysine, we repeatedly found inhibition of ADP-, collagen- and ristocetin-induced aggregation, but potentiation of AA-induced aggregation. Both the inhibitory and potentiation effects were dose-dependent. Low doses of lysine inhibited the secondary phase of aggregation; high doses of it also inhibited the primary phase of aggregation. Potentiation of AA-induced aggregation was accompanied by increased release of serotonin and formation of malondialdehyde. These effects were not confined to human platelets; rat platelets were similarly affected. Platelets, exposed to lysine and then washed and resuspended in an artificial medium not containing lysine, remained hypersensitive to AA, but no longer showed decreased aggregation by collagen. Comparing the effects of lysine with equimolar concentrations of sucrose, EACA, and α-amino-n-butyric acid, we attribute the potent inhibitory effect of lysine to either the excess positive charge or H+ and C1− ions. The -NH2 group on the α-carbon on lysine appears to be the determining factor for the potentiation effect; the effect seems to be exerted on the cyclooxygenase level of AA metabolism. Lysine and other chemicals with platelet-affecting properties similar to lysine may be used as a tool for the study of the many aspects of a platelet aggregation reaction.

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