scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY COMPOSITION AND PHYSICAL FITNESS / RYŠIO TARP KŪNO SUDĖTIES IR FIZINIO PAJĖGUMO TYRIMAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-657
Author(s):  
Dainius Taraškevičius ◽  
Andžela Šešok
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Total Body

The article deals with importance and adaptation options of body composition and physical fitness. Measurement methodology of body composition and physical fitness was done. Skinfold caliper and bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques was used to obtain body composition parameters. Physical fitness was measured using veloergometry, sit-ups, sit-and-reach, flamingo balance, plate tapping and back muscle dynamometer tests. After research relationship was established between: muscle mass and maximum oxygen uptake (for female, r = −0,635, p < 0,05), muscle mass and sit-ups results (for female, r = 0,514, p > 0,05), bone mass and maximum oxygen uptake (for female, r = −0,636, p < 0,05), body fat mass and maximum oxygen uptake (for male, 0,580 r = − , 0,05 p < ), body fat mass and sit-and-reach results (for male, r = − 0,601, p < 0,05), total body water and maximum oxygen uptake (for male, r = 0,537 , p < 0,05 ), total body water and sit-and-reach results (for male, r = 0,559 , p < 0,05). Straipsnyje nagrinėjama kūno kompozicijos ir fizinio pajėgumo tyrimų svarba bei pritaikymo galimybės. Sudaryta kūno kompozicijos ir fizinio pajėgumo matavimo metodika. Kūno kompozicijos parametrams gauti naudojami odos raukšlių kaliperio ir bioelektrinės varžos analizės būdai, o fizinis pajėgumas vertinamas taikant veloergometriją, sėstis-gultis, sėstis-siekti, pusiausvyros, tepingo ir nugaros raumenų dinamometro testus. Atlikus tyrimus nustatytas ryšys tarp: raumenų masės ir maksimalaus deguonies suvartojimo (moterims, r = − 0,635, p < 0,05 ), raumenų masės ir atsilenkimų skaičiaus (moterims, r =0,514 , p > 0,05), kaulų masės ir maksimalaus deguonies suvartojimo (moterims, r = − 0,636, p < 0,05 ), kūno riebalų kiekio ir maksimalaus deguonies suvartojimo (vyrams, r = − 0,580, p < 0,05 ), kūno riebalų kiekio ir siekimo atstumo (vyrams, r = − 0,601 , p < 0,05 ), kūno vandens kiekio ir maksimalaus deguonies suvartojimo (vyrams, r = 0,537 , p < 0,05 ), kūno vandens kiekio ir siekimo atstumo (vyrams, r = 0,559 , p < 0,05).

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Physical Fitness and Body Composition of 5—7 Year-Old Children of Several Kaunas Preschools and Interaction between those Indexes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (73) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrija Čapkauskienė ◽  
Kristina Visagurskienė ◽  
Rima Bakienė ◽  
Irena Vitkienė ◽  
Daiva Vizbaraitė
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
General Physical

Childhood obesity is a key public health issue around the globe in developed and developing countries (Dugan, 2008). The recent worldwide increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity may be due in part to a decrease in children’s physical activity levels (Ball et al., 2001). It is necessary to develop early interventions to improve physical fitness in children and to prevent the increase of childhood obesity (Brunet et al., 2006). So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition and physical fitness of children aged 5—7 years and to estimate the interaction between body composition components and physical fitness tests. Participants: 216 children participated in this study: 104 girls, mean age 5.90 ± 0.63 years and 112 boys — mean age 5.98 ± 0.50 years from Kaunas city (Lithuania) preschools. Methods: all the subjects have been measured for their height, body mass, waist circumference (WC) and skinfolds at 2 different places — triceps and subscapular. Body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat mass (BFM) were evaluated. All the participants did four physical fitness tests including speed shuttle run, 20 meters distance run, standing long jump and throwing 1 kg ball. General physical fitness level was evaluated based on B. Sekita (1988) methods. Results. Results showed that BMI did not significantly differ between boys and girls, and was evaluated as “optimal” for both groups. BFM was significantly higher in girls (p < 0.001), and WC did not differ between genders. But WC had a tendency to increase with age in both boys and girls. Strong relationship was observed between BMI and BFM (r = 0.660, r = 0.660 respectively; p < 0.01), and between BMI and WC (r = 0.703, r = 0.826 respectively; p < 0.01) for both boys and girls. The results of physical tests showed that boys did all the tests better than girls (p < 0.01). When we evaluated the general physical fitness of each child, the results indicated that their physical fitness waslow, evaluated as “good enough” for most boys and girls. General physical fitness of children negatively but slightly correlated with BFM (r = –0.201; p < 0.001), it indicated that higher BFM determined lower evaluation of general physical fitness.Conclusions. Optimal body weight, according to body mass index, percentage body fat mass and waist circumference, was established for the bigger part of children, aged 5—7 years old. This study shows that physical fitness of children was low — evaluated as “good enough” and negatively correlated with body fat mass, showing that high body fat mass negatively impacted physical fitness.Key words: body mass index, percentage body fat mass, waist circumference, physical fitness.

New equations for estimating body fat mass in pregnancy from body density or total body water

1988 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M van Raaij ◽  
M E Peek ◽  
S H Vermaat-Miedema ◽  
C M Schonk ◽  
J G Hautvast
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Body Density ◽  
Total Body ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Body composition and health behaviors among older women attending regular fitness classes: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Agata Mroczek ◽  
Iwona Dobrowolska ◽  
Magdalena Golachowska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Senior Women

Background: The average lifespan is increasing worldwide, although the healthspan and quality of life is not. Many older adults either have a chronic disease, excessive body mass, or do not follow the healthy lifestyle recommendations as for nutrition and physical activity. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the relationship between body composition among senior women and health behaviors in the five domains of nutrition, body care, rest, safety and physical activity. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 36 women attending fitness classes. The Positive Health Behavior Questionnaire was used as the qualitative measurement and participant height, weight and body composition were measured. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR ), Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) were calculated. Results: Significant correlations (p≤0.05) were found between attending organized physical activities and higher muscle mass and higher BMR. Moreover, (a) sleeping at least six to seven hours at night correlated with a lower BMI and lower body fat mass; (b) spending at least 20–30 minutes a day resting correlated with lower visceral fat; (c) devoting at least 30 minutes daily to moderate or heavy physical exertion correlated with lower body fat mass, percent of body fat and visceral adiposity. Conclusions: The study shows strong relationships between physical activity, dietary patterns, rest, length of sleep, BMI, adiposity and muscle mass of physically active senior women. The results suggest it is necessary to actively promote and support older women in implementing healthy behaviors consistently in their life.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PROGRAMMED FITNESS EXERCISE ON BODY COMPOSITION AMONG PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 047
Author(s):  
Predrag Bićanin ◽  
Saša Milenković ◽  
Dragan Radovanović ◽  
Aco Gajević ◽  
Jelena Ivanović
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Fitness Clubs ◽  
Experimental Group

This research included a sample of 79 pre-school boys aged 6 and 7 with 40 of them in the experimental group and 39 in the control group. Their current state of body composition was studied, as well as their relations after a 6-month fitness treatment that the experimental group of participants was involved in, in order to analyze its effects. The experimental group had two classes per week, in addition to regular programmed activities as part of the children’s sport school (three times per week), and as part of 48 of additional, six-month training lessons of exercising in sport (fitness) clubs. The following variables have been used to evaluate body composition with the application of bio-electric impedance In Body 230 such as: muscle mass, percentage of muscle mass, body fat mass, percentage of body fat mass, fat free mass, percentage of fat free mass. Although small to moderate effects were obtained by the double mixed ANOVA, the results show the experimental group’s achievements as significantly higher than those of the control group. Furthermore, with individual eta coefficient findings in comparison with each group measurements, it is clear that the value of the obtained effects is different between groups to the benefit of the experimental group. Permanent implementation of the proposed programme could contribute to an improvement on the studied body composition variables which can result in the better health status of children in future.    

scholarly journals Efficacy of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Non-athletic Adults. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kemmler ◽  
Mahdieh Shojaa ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Joshua Berger ◽  
Michael Fröhlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Trunk Extension

This systematic review and meta-analysis set out to determine the efficacy on whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on body composition and strength parameters in non-athletic cohorts. A systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA statement included (a) controlled trials, (b) WB-EMS trials with at least one exercise and one control group, (c) WB-EMS as primary physical intervention, (d) WB-EMS with at least six electrodes covering most muscle groups, (e) non-athletic cohorts. We searched eight electronic databases up to June 30, 2020, without language restrictions. Standardized mean differences (SMD) for muscle mass parameters, total body fat mass, maximum leg extension, and trunk extension strength were defined as outcome measures. In summary, 16 studies with 19 individual WB-EMS groups representing 897 participants were included. Studies vary considerably with respect to age, BMI, and physical conditions. Impulse protocols of the studies were roughly comparable, but training frequency (1–5 sessions/week) and intervention length (6–54 weeks) differed between the studies. SMD average was 1.23 (95%-CI: 0.71–1.76) for muscle mass, 0.98 (0.74–1.22) for maximum leg, and 1.08 (0.78–1.39) for maximum trunk extension strength changes (all p &lt; 0.001). SMD for body fat changes (−0.40, [−0.98 to 0.17]), however, did not reach significance. I2 and Q-statistics revealed substantial heterogeneity of muscle and fat mass changes between the trials. However, rank and regression tests did not indicate positive evidence for small-study bias and funnel plot asymmetries. This work provided further evidence for significant, large-sized effects of WB-EMS on muscle mass and strength parameters, but not on body fat mass.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, PROSPERO; ID: CRD42020183059.

scholarly journals In seasonal body composition and jump performance variation in a second league male volleyball team

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Hans-Eric Reitmayer
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Volleyball has become a sport of the giants. Under these circumstances it is desirable that players of a very large stature also possess a corresponding vertical jump. The aim of the paper was to identify the values of some parameters that we considered crucial in limiting or maximizing the in-game performance of the athletes in the study. Our intention was to verify if the body composition indicators change significantly at different stages of a competition season and if the characteristics of the jump, crucial in performing the actions through which the points arescored, are relevant in determining the level of physical conditioning. Twelve players (n=12) were selected from the second league Romanian male volleyball team CSU UVT. The subjects were tested for body composition and their spike jump and counter movement jump was measured on three separate occasions, each corresponding to a different stage of training. Study results highlighted a significant increase of 1.15kg (p=0.028) in weight at the intermediate testing compared to the initial values. There were no differences in muscle mass between the initial and the intermediate testing (p=0.88). The results have shown a significant increase of the average skeletal muscle mass in the final test by 0.77 kg over the intermediate test (p=0.012) and 0.81kg over the initial test (p=0.039).We recorded a considerable increase of body fat mass between initial and intermediate testing (p=0.0073) and there was an average decrease of 1.76 kg (p=0.0285) of body fat mass between intermediate and final testing. We have seen a significant increase in the height of the spike jump at the final test compared to the intermediate testing (p<0.0001) respectively the initial testing (p<0.0001).The counter movement jump recorded a significant decrease in the intermediate test 37.58 cm, compared to the initial test 40.57 cm (p=0.014).. Final measurements of the counter movement jump height increase in relation to intermediate testing (p=0.037). Measurements also indicate a direct correlation between the height and power developed during the jump in all the three tests: initial (r=0.76), intermediate (r=0.68) and final (r=0.84).

scholarly journals Effect of an Estrogen Receptor-α Intron 4 Polymorphism on Fat Mass in 11-Year-Old Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 2286-2291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Tobias ◽  
C. D. Steer ◽  
C. Vilariňo-Güell ◽  
M. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Context: Polymorphisms in the ESR1 gene encoding estrogen receptor (ER)-α may be associated with fat mass in adults. Objectives: The objective of the study was to establish whether ESR1 polymorphisms influence fat mass in childhood. Design: This was a cross-sectional analysis after genotyping of rs9340799, rs2234693, and rs7757956 ESR1 polymorphisms. Setting: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) was a population-based prospective study. Participants: Participants included 3097 11-yr-old children with results for ESR1 genotyping, puberty measures, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry results. Outcomes: Relationships between ESR1 polymorphisms and indices of body composition were measured. Results: The rs7757956 polymorphism was associated with fat mass (P = 0.002). Total body fat mass (adjusted for height) was reduced by 6% in children with TA/AA genotypes, and risk of being overweight (≥85th centile of fat mass) was decreased by 20%. This genetic effect appeared to interact with puberty in girls (P = 0.05 for interaction): in those with the TT genotype, total body fat mass (adjusted for height) was 18% higher in Tanner stages 3–5 vs. stages 1–2; the equivalent difference was 7% in those with TA/AA genotypes. Furthermore, the risk of being overweight was 36% lower in girls with TA/AA genotypes in Tanner stages 3–5, but no reduction was seen in those in stages 1–2. Neither rs9340799 nor rs2234693 polymorphisms were associated with body composition measures. Conclusions: Fat mass in 11-yr-old children was related to the rs7757956 ESR1 polymorphism. This association was strongest in girls in more advanced puberty, in whom the risk of being overweight was reduced by 36% in those with the TA/AA genotype.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels and Body Composition Changes after Sleeve Gastrectomy

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Masahiro Ohira ◽  
Yasuhiro Watanabe ◽  
Takashi Yamaguchi ◽  
Hiroki Onda ◽  
Shuhei Yamaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Preoperative Serum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Composition Changes

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> We previously reported that preoperative serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a predictor of total weight loss percentage (%TWL) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). IGF-1 may suppress muscle loss after surgery. IGF-1 almost accurately reflects the growth hormone (GH) secretion status, and GH has lipolytic effects. Therefore, IGF-1 may influence both the maintenance of skeletal muscle and the reduction of adipose tissue after LSG. The identification of the relationship between preoperative serum IGF-1 and body composition changes after LSG can help in understanding the pathophysiology of obesity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively reviewed 72 patients with obesity who underwent LSG and were followed up for 12 months. We analyzed the relationship between preoperative serum IGF-1 levels and body composition changes after LSG. A multiple regression model was used. <b><i>Results:</i></b> LSG led to a significant reduction in body weight. Both body fat mass and skeletal muscle mass decreased after LSG. Preoperative serum IGF-1 levels significantly correlated with %TWL, changes in skeletal muscle mass, and body fat mass after LSG. The multiple regression model showed that preoperative serum IGF-1 levels were related to decreased body fat mass and maintaining skeletal muscle mass after LSG. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Preoperative IGF-1 measurement helps predict not only successful weight loss but also decreases body fat mass and maintains skeletal muscle mass after LSG.

Bivariate whole-genome linkage scan for bone geometry and total body fat mass

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufeng Lei ◽  
Feiyan Deng ◽  
Peng Xiao ◽  
Kai Zhong ◽  
Hongyi Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Lower Percentage of Fat Mass among Tai Chi Chuan Practitioners

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Silvia Stagi ◽  
Azzurra Doneddu ◽  
Gabriele Mulliri ◽  
Giovanna Ghiani ◽  
Valeria Succa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Tai Chi Chuan ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Total Body

The aim of the study was to analyze total and regional body composition in Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) middle-aged and elderly practitioners. A cross-sectional study on 139 Italian subjects was realized: 34 TCC practitioners (14 men, 20 women; 62.8 ± 7.4 years) and 105 sedentary volunteers (49 men, 56 women; 62.8 ± 6.4 years). Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, arm, waist, and calf circumferences), hand-grip strength, and physical capacity values were collected. Total and regional (arm, leg, and trunk) body composition was analyzed by means of specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (specific BIVA). TCC practitioners of both sexes were characterized by a normal nutritional status, normal levels of physical capacity, and normal values of hand-grip strength. Compared to controls, they showed lower percentages of fat mass (lower specific resistance) in the total body, the arm, and the trunk, and higher muscle mass (higher phase angle) in the trunk, but lower muscle mass in the arm. Sexual dimorphism was characterized by higher muscle mass (total body, arm, and trunk) and lower %FM (arm) in men; sex differences were less accentuated among TCC practitioners than in the control. TCC middle-aged and elderly practitioners appear to be less affected by the process of physiological aging and the associated fat mass changes, compared to sedentary people.

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