scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in children with Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in Brazilian Amazon

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (08) ◽  
pp. 698-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Nucia Cristiane da Silva Lima ◽  
Roger Lafontaine Mesquita Taborda ◽  
Rosimar Pires Esquerdo ◽  
Antonieta Rodrigues Gama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Typical Epec

Introduction: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is an important causative agent of diarrhea in both developed and developing countries. Methodology: We assessed the antibiotic resistance profile and the ability of 71 Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolates from children in the age group 6 years, or younger, to form biofilm. These children were hospitalized in Cosme and Damião Children Hospital in Porto Velho, Western Brazilian Amazon, between 2010 and 2012, with clinical symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. Results: The highest frequency of atypical EPEC (aEPEC) isolates reached 83.1% (59/71). Most EPEC isolates presented Localized Adherence Like (LAL) pattern in HEp-2 cells (57.7% - 41/71). Biofilm production was observed in 33.8% (24/71) of EPEC isolates, and it means statistically significant association with shf gene (p = 0.0254). The highest antimicrobial resistance rates and a large number of multiresistant isolates 67.6% (48/71), regarded cefuroxime (CXM), ampicillin (AMP), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) and tetracycline (TET), respectively, mainly in typical EPEC (tEPEC). Furthermore, 96% (68/71) of EPEC isolates in the present study were resistant to at least one antibiotic, whereas only 3 isolates were sensitive to all the tested drugs. Conclusion: Based on our findings, there was increased aEPEC identification. EPEC isolates showed high resistance rate; most strains showed multiresistance; thus, they work as warning about the continuous need of surveillance towards antimicrobial use. Besides, the ability of forming biofilm was evidenced by the EPEC isolates. This outcome is worrisome, since it is a natural resistance mechanism of bacteria.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli between Pristine and Human-Impacted Sites in a River

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Emi Nishimura ◽  
Masateru Nishiyama ◽  
Kei Nukazawa ◽  
Yoshihiro Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Downstream Site ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Upstream Site ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Significant Difference

Information on the actual existence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in rivers where sewage, urban wastewater, and livestock wastewater do not load is essential to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water environments. This study compared the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli upstream and downstream of human habitation. The survey was conducted in the summer, winter, and spring seasons. Resistance to one or more antibiotics at upstream and downstream sites was on average 18% and 20%, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between the survey sites. The resistance rates at the upstream site (total of 98 isolated strains) to each antibiotic were cefazolin 17%, tetracycline 12%, and ampicillin 8%, in descending order. Conversely, for the downstream site (total of 89 isolated strains), the rates were ampicillin 16%, cefazolin 16%, and tetracycline 1% in descending order. The resistance rate of tetracycline in the downstream site was significantly lower than that of the upstream site. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that many strains showed different resistance profiles even in the same cluster of the Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. Moreover, the resistance profiles differed in the same cluster of the upstream and the downstream sites. In flowing from the upstream to the downstream site, it is plausible that E. coli transmitted or lacked the antibiotic resistance gene.

scholarly journals Two Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Induce the Production of Secreted and Membrane-Bound Mucins To Benefit Their Own Growth at the Apical Surface of Human Mucin-Secreting Intestinal HT29-MTX Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 927-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica A. M. Vieira ◽  
Tânia A. T. Gomes ◽  
Antonio J. P. Ferreira ◽  
Terezinha Knöbl ◽  
Alain L. Servin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Typical Epec ◽  
Membrane Bound

ABSTRACT In rabbit ligated ileal loops, two atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) strains, 3991-1 and 0421-1, intimately associated with the cell membrane, forming the characteristic EPEC attachment and effacement lesion of the brush border, induced a mucous hypersecretion, whereas typical EPEC (tEPEC) strain E2348/69 did not. Using cultured human mucin-secreting intestinal HT29-MTX cells, we demonstrate that apically aEPEC infection is followed by increased production of secreted MUC2 and MUC5AC mucins and membrane-bound MUC3 and MUC4 mucins. The transcription of the MUC5AC and MUC4 genes was transiently upregulated after aEPEC infection. We provide evidence that the apically adhering aEPEC cells exploit the mucins' increased production since they grew in the presence of membrane-bound mucins, whereas tEPEC did not. The data described herein report a putative new virulence phenomenon in aEPEC.

Occurrence of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Serotypes in Butter

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 829-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. ABBAR ◽  
M. TAHIR MOHAMED
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

A total of 30 samples of butter analysed during the course of the investigation showed that fecal coliforms were absent from only 13.3% of samples. One hundred forty colonies of fecal coliforms were biochemically characterized with the following types obtained (Escherichia sp. 41.4%, Enterobacter sp. 25.7%, Citrobacter sp. 20%, Klebsiella sp. 10%). Five different serotypes, namely 0 125 K70(2), 0 142K86(1), 0 127K63(1), 0 114 K90(2), 0 111 K58(1) were detected in 7 of 58 Escherichia coli isolates and 51 strains were untypable. Three strains produced heat stable (ST) enterotoxin and belonged to the enteropathogenic serotype. The antibiotic resistance patterns of coliform strains are presented.

scholarly journals Association of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with Diarrhea and Related Mortality in Kittens

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 2719-2735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria E. Watson ◽  
Megan E. Jacob ◽  
James R. Flowers ◽  
Sandra J. Strong ◽  
Chitrita DebRoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Experimental Animal Models ◽  
Atypical Epec ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathology ◽  
Typical Epec ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Related Mortality

ABSTRACTDiarrhea is responsible for the death of approximately 900,000 children per year worldwide. In children, typical enteropathogenicEscherichia coli(EPEC) is a common cause of diarrhea and is associated with a higher hazard of death. Typical EPEC infection is rare in animals and poorly reproduced in experimental animal models. In contrast, atypical EPEC (aEPEC) infection is common in both children and animals, but its role in diarrhea is uncertain. Mortality in kittens is often attributed to diarrhea, and we previously identified enteroadherent EPEC in the intestines of deceased kittens. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and type of EPEC in kittens and whether infection was associated with diarrhea, diarrhea-related mortality, gastrointestinal pathology, or other risk factors. Kittens with and without diarrhea were obtained from two shelter facilities and determined to shed atypical EPEC at a culture-based prevalence of 18%. In contrast, quantitative PCR detected the presence of the gene for intimin (eae) in feces from 42% of kittens. aEPEC was isolated from kittens with and without diarrhea. However, kittens with diarrhea harbored significantly larger quantities of aEPEC than kittens without diarrhea. Kittens with aEPEC had a significantly greater severity of small intestinal and colonic lesions and were significantly more likely to have required subcutaneous fluid administration. These findings identify aEPEC to be prevalent in kittens and a significant primary or contributing cause of intestinal inflammation, diarrhea, dehydration, and associated mortality in kittens.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Sorbitol Non-Fermenting Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Reservoir Species ◽  
Stx2 Gene

Sorbitol non-fermenting Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (SNF-STEC) is considered as a significant emerging pathogen. Though, cattle and buffaloes are the chief reservoir, species like goat, sheep, deer and other ruminants can also harbor this pathogen. Therefore, this pathogen can easily be transmitted to human and other animals through food chain and their environment. The present study, aimed to ascertain the antibiotic resistance profile of SNF-STEC isolates from buffaloes as well as to detect the resistance genes. A total of 33 sorbitol non-fermenting (SNF) E. coli isolates were tested against ten commonly used antibiotics both in human and veterinary medicine. Results revealed that 78.8% isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and nalidixic acid whereas 60.6% to tetracycline and 48.5% to doxycycline. The majority of the isolates were found sensitive to both gentamycin and ciprofloxacin (90%) followed by erythromycin (66.7%) and ceftriaxone (51.5%). Of 33 SNF E. coli, 12 were STEC harboring both stx1 and stx2 gene that dictated 66.7% isolates were found resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and nalidixic acid followed by ampicillin (58.3%) and tetracycline (58.3%). blaTEM was detected in 66.7% ampicillin resistant isolates and sul2 was exposed in 34.6% sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistant isolates. sul1 gene was negative for the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistant isolates.

scholarly journals Virulence and antibiotic resistance profile of avian Escherichia coli strains isolated from colibacillosis lesions in central of Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1840-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nacima Meguenni ◽  
Nathalie Chanteloup ◽  
Angelina Tourtereau ◽  
Chafika Ali Ahmed ◽  
Saliha Bounar-Kechih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Embryo Lethality

Background and Aim: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli cause extensive mortality in poultry flocks, leading to extensive economic losses. To date, in Algeria, little information has been available on virulence potential and antibiotics resistance of avian E. coli isolates. Therefore, the aim of this study was the characterization of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profile of Algerian E. coli strains isolated from diseased broilers. Materials and Methods: In this study, 43 avian E. coli strains isolated from chicken colibacillosis lesions at different years were analyzed to determine their contents in 10 virulence factors by polymerase chain reaction, antimicrobial susceptibility to 22 antibiotics belonging to six different chemical classes and genomic diversity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: Mainly E. coli isolates (58.1%) carried two at six virulence genes and the most frequent virulence gene association detected were ompT (protectin), hlyF (hemolysin) with 55.8% (p<0.001), and iroN, sitA (iron acquisition/uptake systems), and iss (protectin) with 41.8% (p<0.001). Some strains were diagnosed as virulent according to their virulence gene profile. Indeed, 23.25% of the isolates harbored iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, and sitA combination, 14% ompT, hlyF, and frzorf4 (sugar metabolism), and 11,6% iroN, hlyF, ompT, iss, iutA (iron acquisition/uptake systems), and frzorf4. The chicken embryo lethality assay performed on five isolates confirmed the potential virulence of these strains. All isolates submitted to PFGE analysis yielded different genetic profiles, which revealed their diversity. Overall, 97.2% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 53.5% demonstrated multi-antimicrobial resistance to three different antimicrobial classes. The highest resistance levels were against nalidixic acid (83.4%), amoxicillin and ampicillin (83.3%), ticarcillin (80.5%), pipemidic acid (75%), and triméthoprim-sulfamethoxazole (66.6%). For beta-lactam class, the main phenotype observed belonged to broad-spectrum beta-lactamases. However, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase associated with three at six virulence factors was also detected in 13 isolates. Two of them were attested virulent as demonstrated in the embryo lethality test which constitutes a real public threat. Conclusion: It would be imperative in avian production to discourage misuse while maintaining constant vigilance guidelines and regulations, to limit and rationalize antimicrobial use.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 (STEC) from retailed miscellaneous meat and fish types in Abuja, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Adaeze Joy Alu ◽  
Gabriel K. Omeiza ◽  
James A. Ameh ◽  
Enem S.I
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile

Most Escherichia coli strains are harmless intestinal bacteria of animals, but some are implicated in food infection/poisoning especially Shiga toxin (or Vero toxin) producing E. coli (STEC) due to consumption of meat. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 (STEC) from retailed miscellaneous fish and meat types in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. A total of 256 meat and fish consisting of cow muscles, intestines, rumen-sacs, livers and tails, cat-fish, frozen fish (mackerel and herrings) were examined. Escherichia coli were isolated by enrichment culture cefixime-tellurite sorbitol MacConkey agar (CT-SMAC), morphological, biochemical, serotype latex agglutination and disk diffusion methods. Of the 256 samples, 138 (53.9%) were contaminated with E. coli and 28 (21.7%) E. coli strains were positive for Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 (STEC). Meat muscles had the highest prevalence of STEC (7.41%) among meat samples, followed by rumen-sacs (6.0%), intestines (5.77%), tails (4.0%), and the prevalence of STEC in Fish includes Cat-fish intestine (26.7%), skin (21.4%), Mackerel intestine (26.7%), skin (14.3%), and Herrings skin (15.4%), gill (7.1%). All the STEC assessed indicated multi-drug resistance, with the isolates showing 100% resistant to ampicilin, and erythromycin, nitrofurantoin (95.7%), amoxicilin clavulanic acid (84.3%), sulphamethaxazole/trimethoprim (75%), streptomycin (75%), tetracycline (66.17%), and gentamycin (53.6%). The isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (66.7%), Cefoxitin (66.7%), amikacin (39.3%), and chloramphenicol (35.7%). The implication of STEC in this study suggests that contaminated meat types are sold to consumers and can result to serious foodborne hazards. Prescription of ciprofloxacin and cefoxicilin are recommended against this organism. Application of good hygienic procedures in meat and fish handling processes and proper boiling before consumption can mitigate the risk of infection due to resistance STEC strains.

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