scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factor analysis for HIV/HTLV 1/2 coinfection in Paraíba state, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1551-1554
Author(s):  
Marcela Santos de Souza ◽  
Juliana Prado Gonçales ◽  
Viviane Martha Santos deMorais ◽  
José Valter Joaquim Silva Júnior ◽  
Thaísa Regina Rocha Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Mandatory Notification ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) 1 and 2 infections can lead to neurological diseases, mainly in HIV/HTLV 1 coinfected. Furthermore, HTLV 1 infection in HIV/AIDS patients has also been associated with AIDS progression. Despite this, HTLV 1/2 infections are not of mandatory notification in Brazil. Here, we describe the prevalence of HTLV 1/2 in HIV/AIDS patients from Paraíba state, Brazil, as well as the sociodemographic characteristics of the coinfected individuals. Methodology: Information about HIV viral load and TCD4 lymphocyte count were obtained from patients’ records. Data on the patients’ sociodemographic characteristics were obtained by interview conducted after signing the informed consent form. The serological diagnosis for HTLV 1/2 was performed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Western Blot (WB). Results: A total of 401 HIV/AIDS patients participated in the study, of whom about 1.5% (6/401) were positive for antibodies against HTLV, specifically for HTLV 1, evaluated by both ELISA and WB. No risk factors were found associated with HIV/HTLV 1/2 coinfection. Conclusions: We report a 1.5% prevalence of HTLV 1 infection in HIV/AIDS patients from Paraíba state. Although we have not identified risk factors associated with HTLV 1, we describe the most observed sociodemographic characteristics in HIV/HTLV 1 coinfection.

scholarly journals The prevalence and immunological features of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody in patients with HIV/AIDS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Wang ◽  
Xiao-yu Jia Jia ◽  
Zhao Cui ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Type Iv Collagen ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (GBM) is an autoimmune disease caused by the deposition of circulating anti-GBM antibodies. The main target antigens are the non-collagen region of the α3(IV)NC1(α3 chain of type IV collagen). EA and EB are two classical antigen epitopes on α3. It has been reported that anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies could be detected in HIV/AIDS patients, but its immunological characteristics are still unclear. In this study, the immunological characteristics of the target antigens were clarified.Methods Total 93 HIV/AIDS patients and 20 healthy volunteers were selected in Beijing Youan Hospital from 2017 to 2018. Recombinant humanα1-α5(IV)NC1, chimeric protein E A , E B were used as solid phase antigens. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure concentrations and subtypes of serum IgG autoantibodies specially against GBM.Results Five out of the 93 patients with HIV/AIDS had low to moderate levels of anti-GBM antibodies. However, these patients presented with no clinical manifestation of any kidney injury or pulmonary hemorrhages. Compared with HIV/AIDS patients with negative antibodies, there were no significant differences in gender, age, CD4 + T cell count and HIV viral load. All five patients recognized non-collagenous domain1 (NC1) of alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen [(α3(IV)NC1] as classic anti-GBM patients, followed by α5(IV)NC1. The antibodies against α3(IV)NC1 was IgG3 predominant, but did not react with either of the classic epitopes on α3 (E A and E B ).Conclusion These data suggest a distinct immunological profile of anti-GBM antibodies in patients with HIV/AIDS, and might explain the non-pathogenic features of HIV/AIDS associated anti-GBM antibodies.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Current Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 2 Infections Among HIV/AIDS Patients in São Paulo, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Caterino-de-Araujo ◽  
Cláudio Tavares Sacchi ◽  
Maria Gisele Gonçalves ◽  
Karoline Rodrigues Campos ◽  
Mariana Cavalheiro Magri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Aids

Serological Evaluation of Toxoplasmosis and Related Risk Factors Among HIV+/AIDS Patients in Northern Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Rafati-Sajedi ◽  
Bijan Majidi-Shad ◽  
Reza Jafari-Shakib ◽  
Zahra Atrkar-Roshan ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Hiv Aids

Factors associated to first line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure among HIV/AIDS patients at Sanglah Hospital, Bali

2017 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Cok Istri Sri Dharma Astiti ◽  
A.A Sagung Sawitri ◽  
Tuti Parwati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
First Line ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Risk Of Treatment ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background and purpose: The incidence of first line ART failure is increasing in the South East Asia region. The main referral hospital in Bali has recorded an increased use of second line ART due to the first line ART failure. This study aims to explore risk factors associated to first line ART failure.Methods: A case control study was conducted among people living with HIV and AIDS at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar who started first line ART between 2004 and 2013. Cases were those who diagnosed as having clinical treatment failure and still on treatment in 2015. Controls were those with no treatment failure. Sex and year of ART initiation were matched between case and control. Data were obtained from medical records that include initial regiments, HIV mode of transmission, the WHO HIV clinical stage, CD4 count, opportunistic infections, body mass index, hemoglobin level, and drug substitution at the beginning and during treatment. Risk factors were analysed using logistic regression.Results: Out of 68 HIV/AIDS patients with clinical ART failure, 72.1% were confirmed with immunological and 36.8% were confirmed with virological failure. Median time before treatment failure was 3.5 years. Factors associated to ART failure were HIV clinical stage IV with (AOR=3.43; 95%CI=1.65-7.13) and being widow/widower (AOR=4.85; 95%CI=1.52-15.53). Patients with TB co-infection have a lower risk for treatment failure due to early diagnosis and treatment through TB-HIV program with (AOR=0.32; 95%CI=0.14-0.70).Conclusions: Higher HIV clinical stage at ART initiation increases the risk of treatment failure. HIV-TB co-infection indirectly reduces the risk of treatment failure.

scholarly journals Immunologic biomarkers, morbidity and mortality among HIV patients hospitalised in a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wellington Mota Gama ◽  
Carlos Henrique Michiles Frank ◽  
Taynná Vernalha Rocha Almeida ◽  
Daniel Silva dos Santos ◽  
Yury Oliveira Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Advanced Immunosuppression ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background The irregular use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and late diagnosis still account for a large part of HIV-associated mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Herein, we describe HIV-associated morbidity among hospitalised HIV/AIDS patients with advanced immunosuppression and assess the comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and immunological markers associated with mortality. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD) in Manaus, Brazil. In all, 83 participants aged between 12 and 70 years were enrolled by convenience within 72 h of their hospitalisation. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from electronic medical records. We prospectively measured the cytokines Th1/Th2/Th17 and inflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-1β, and IL-12 using cytometric bead array, and the soluble CD14 using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The HIV/AIDS inpatients presented a scenario of respiratory syndromes as the most prevalent comorbidity. Almost all patients had CD4 T counts below 350 cells/mL and the mortality rate was 20.5%. Pulmonary tuberculosis, neurotoxoplasmosis and oropharyngeal–esophageal candidiasis were the most prevalent opportunistic infections. TB and weight loss were more prevalent in HIV/AIDS inpatients who died. The Mann Whitney analysis showed that those who died had higher platelet distribution width (PDW) on admission, which is suggestive for platelet activation. The Poisson multivariate analysis showed the prevalence of TB, digestive syndrome and increases in IL-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) associated to death. Conclusions The advanced immunosuppression characterized by the opportunistic infections presented in these HIV/AIDS inpatients was the major factor of mortality. The role of platelet activation in worse outcomes of hospitalisation and the IL-8 associated with the context of advanced immunosuppression may be promising markers in the prediction of mortality in HIV/AIDS patients.

scholarly journals Intestinal Microsporidiosis Among HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Sana’a City, Yemen: First Report on Prevalence and Predictors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwkab A. R. Al-Barhami ◽  
Rashad Abdul-Ghani ◽  
Salah A. Al-Qobati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Intestinal Microsporidiosis ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Intestinal microsporidiosis is an opportunistic infection associated with persistent diarrhea among HIV/AIDS patients. In Yemen, however, its epidemiology is unknown. Therefore, this study determined its prevalence and predictors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Sana'a city, Yemen.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 402 patients receiving ART at Al-Jomhori Educational Hospital in Sana'a from November 2019 to December 2020. Data about demographics, clinical characteristics and risk factors were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. Stool samples were collected and examined for microsporidian spores using the Gram-chromotrope Kinyoun staining. Blood samples were also collected and used for CD4 cell counting by flow cytometry. Univariate analysis was used to test the association of patients’ characteristics and risk factors with intestinal microsporidiosis. Multivariable logistic regression was then used to identify the independent predictors of infection. Statistical significance was considered at P-values <0.05. Results: Intestinal microsporidiosis was prevalent among 14.2% (57/402) of HIV/AIDS patients but was not significantly associated with any of the studied demographics, source of drinking water, bathing and/or swimming outdoors, contact with soil, presence of domestic animals or indiscriminate defecation. However, it was significantly associated with diarrhea (OR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.7–6.6; P=0.001) and <200 CD4 cells/µl (OR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.5–5.0; P=0.001). The significant independent predictors of infection were <200 CD4 cells/µl (AOR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.5–6.9; P=0.003), not washing hands after contacting soil (AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.1–5.4; P=0.026) and before eating (AOR=3.1, 95% CI: 1.5–6.4; P=0.003), eating unwashed raw produce (AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.2–5.3; P=0.017) and absence of indoor latrines (AOR=6.2, 95% CI: 1.5–25.9; P=0.012).Conclusions: The prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients in Sana'a is high and comparable to that several other countries, being prevalent among approximately 14.0% of patients and significantly associated with diarrhea. It could be predicted among patients who have <200 CD4 cells/µl, poor hand hygiene after contacting soil and before eating, usually eat unwashed raw produce and do not possess indoor latrines. Large-scale studies on its epidemiology and predictors among HIV/AIDS patients across the country are warranted.

scholarly journals Risk factors for Blastocystis infection in HIV/AIDS patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy in Southwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun-Xian Zhang ◽  
Fen-Yan Kang ◽  
Jia-Xu Chen ◽  
Li-Guang Tian ◽  
Lan-Lan Geng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Hiv Virus ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Blastocystis is a widespread zoonotic protozoan of mammalian species, especially in HIV/AIDS individuals. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and risk factors related with Blastocystis infection among HIV/AIDS patients in Southwest China. Methods The cross-sectional study was performed in 311 HIV/AIDS cases in Tengchong City, Yunnan Province from July 2016 to March 2017. For each subject, stool specimen was collected to detect the Blastocystis, and the blood sample was used to detect HIV virus load and CD4+ T cell count, in addition, structured questionnaire was used to collect the basic information and risk factors. Findings The result showed that the detection rate of Blastocystis was 3.86% (95% CI: 2.22–6.62) among HIV/AIDS patients. Both raising animal (OR = 12.93, 95% CI: 1.54–108.36) and drinking un-boiled water (OR = 8.17, 95% CI: 1.76–37.90) were risk factors for Blastocystis infection in HIV/AIDS individuals. In addition, the interaction of CD4+ T cell count and HIV virus load was also contribution to Blastocystis infection (P = 0.007). Conclusions A high prevalence of Blastocystis infection was found in HIV/AIDS patients in Tengchong. Poor hygienic habits, the interaction of HIV virus load and CD4+ T cell count were identified as main risk factors for infection. These results will help us to develop efficient control strategies to intervene with and prevent the occurrence of Blastocystis among HIV-infected individuals.

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