scholarly journals IL-6 and IFNγ are elevated in severe mumps cases: a study of 960 mumps patients in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Wang ◽  
Yueke Zhu ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Yanmei Jiao ◽  
Nicholas Van Halm-Lutterodt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
Common Infectious Disease ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Disease Epidemics

Introduction: Mumps is a common infectious disease. Epidemics of mumps are reported globally every year and represent a threat to public health, especially in China and other developing countries. Methodology: Clinical and laboratory findings of 960 mumps patients admitted to Beijing You’an Hospital, China, between January 2010 and December 2012 were collected and analyzed. Patients with isolated complication were selected and grouped as aseptic meningitis/encephalitis (AME) patients (n = 156) and Orchitis patients (n = 72). One hundred and fifty patients without complication were grouped as control. Levels of T cell subtypes and 8 serum cytokines were also tested. Results: Majority of mumps patients were male (76.3%) and younger than 17 years old (76.2%). AME was complicated in 41.6% of mumps cases, and orchitis was in 21.3% (64.7% were left-sided). Unvacinated patients had more chance to have AME or orchitis (p = 0.034 and 0.027). The rates of AME and orchitis in mumps patients rapidly increased during the last three years. No laboratory findings were associated with AME or orchitis (all p > 0.05). Serum IL-10 level was elevated in almost all patients. IL-6 and IFNγ levels were correlated with AME (p = 0.025 and p = 0.018). Their levels peaked at day one after admission, and started to decline thereafter. Conclusions: This study suggests that the incidence of serious complications has become more common in recent years, moreover IL-6 and IFNγ may possibly be used as early serum markers for identifying patients with risk of developing complications in mumps.

scholarly journals Cytokine levels are associated with the severity of varicella infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meijun Hao ◽  
Xiaojun Wang ◽  
Jingpei Du ◽  
Lifeng Liu ◽  
Yanmei Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Infection ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Membrane Extract ◽  
Disease Epidemics

Introduction: Varicella is a highly contagious disease. Epidemics of varicella are seen every year globally and present a threat to public health, especially in China and other developing countries. Methodology: Clinical and laboratory findings of 865 varicella patients admitted to Beijing You’an Hospital, China, between January 2011 and December 2013 were collected and analyzed. Patients with isolated complication were grouped as SI (skin infection, n = 132) and LD (liver damage, n = 89). Two hundred and one patients without complications were grouped as control (mild group). Levels of T-cell subtypes and eight serum cytokines and were also tested. Levels of IFNg and IL-6 were monitored prospectively in another 12 grouped patients. Results: SI was complicated in 21.7% (188/865) of varicella cases, and LD was complicated in 16.8% (145/865). The rates of SI and LD in varicella patients increased rapidly in the past three years. No laboratory findings were associated with SI or LD (all p > 0.05). IL-6 and IFNg levels were correlated with amniotic membrane extract (AME) (p = 0.044 and p = 0.038). Their levels peaked at day 1 of admission, and then started to decline. Conclusions: The incidence of serious complications has become more common in recent years. IL-6 and IFNg may possibly be used as early serum markers for identifying patients at risk of developing complications such as skin infections in varicella.

scholarly journals Vietnamese Public Health Practices in the Advent of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-164
Author(s):  
Jeconiah Louis Dreisbach
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents a great challenge to developing countries with limited access to public health measures in grassroots communities. The World Health Organization lauded the Vietnamese government for its proactive and steady investment in health facilities that mitigate the risk of the infectious disease in Vietnam. This short communication presents cases that could benchmark public health policies in developing countries.

scholarly journals Twenty Years of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities for Effective Management of Infectious Disease Epidemics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Mremi ◽  
Janeth George ◽  
Susan F. Rumisha ◽  
Calvin Sindato ◽  
Leonard E.G. Mboera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Management Information System ◽  
Support Functions ◽  
Surveillance And Response ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Disease Epidemics

Abstract Background: Public health surveillance requires valid, timely and complete health information for early detection of outbreaks. Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) adopted Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy in 1998 in response to an increased frequency of emerging and re-emerging diseases in the region. This systematic review aimed to analyse how IDSR implementation has embraced advancement in information technology, big data analytics techniques and wealth of data sources to strengthen detection and management of infectious disease epidemics in SSA. Methods: A search for eligible articles was done through HINARI, PubMed, and advanced Google Scholar databases. The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols checklist. Using the key search descriptors, 1,809 articles were identified and screened at two stages and 45 studies met the inclusion criteria for detailed review.Results: Of the 45 studies, 35 were country-specific, seven studies covered the region and three studies covered 3-4 countries. A total of 24 studies assessed the IDSR core functions while 42 studies assessed the support functions. Twenty-three studies addressed both the core and support functions. Most of the studies involved Tanzania (9), Ghana (6) and Uganda (5). The implementation of the IDSR strategy has shown improvements mainly in the support functions. The Health Management Information System (HMIS) has remained the main source of IDSR data. However, the HMIS system is characterised by inadequate data completeness, timeliness, quality, analysis and utilisation as well as lack of integration of data from sources other than health care facilities. Conclusion: In most SSA, HMIS is the main source of IDSR data, characterised by incompleteness, inconsistency and inaccuracy. This data is considered to be biased and reflects only the population seeking care from healthcare facilities. Community-based event-based surveillance is weak and non-existence in the majority of the countries. Data from other systems are not effectively utilized and integrated for surveillance. It is recommended that SSA countries consider and adopt multi-sectoral, multi-disease and multi-indicator platforms that integrate the existing surveillance systems with other sources of health information to provide support to effective detection and prompt response to public health threats.

Lupus Vorax: A Cause of Centrofaciale Mutilation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatim Abid
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Ocular Complications ◽  
Cutaneous Tuberculosis ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties

Cutaneous tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is still endemic in developing countries and constitutes even in large cities of developed countries a serious public health issue. Clinical forms are numerous and, in this context, centrofacial location represents in addition to diagnostic difficulties, a real prognostic problem. We report in the light of a literature review, 2 cases of centrofacial mutilation secondary to cutaneous tuberculosis in its ulcerative and vegetating presentation also called lupus vorax to remind this rare paucibacillary form whose early diagnosis influences considerably prognosis by avoiding nasal and ocular complications as well as the risk of degeneration in the case of prolonged evolution.

Operationalizing Public Health Skills to Resource Poor Settings: Is This the Achilles Heel in the Ebola Epidemic Campaign?

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Burkle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
Disease Epidemics

AbstractSustainable approaches to crises, especially non-trauma-related public health emergencies, are severely lacking. At present, the Ebola crisis is defining the operational public health skill sets for infectious disease epidemics that are not widely known or appreciated. Indigenous and foreign medical teams will need to adapt to build competency-based curriculum and standards of care for the future that concentrate on public health emergencies. Only by adjusting and adapting specific operational public health skill sets to resource poor environments will it be possible to provide sustainable prevention and preparedness initiatives that work well across cultures and borders.(Diaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-3)

scholarly journals Cutaneous Anthrax Outbreak in Rajshahi District

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Md Azizul Haque ◽  
Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman Khan ◽  
Laila Shamima Sharmin ◽  
Khandaker Md Faisal Alam ◽  
Md Khalilur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cutaneous Anthrax ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
The Developed Countries

Anthrax is an acute, zoonotic infectious disease caused by gram positive, aerobic, spore forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Cutaneous anthrax is the commonest form of anthrax, comprising more than 95% of cases. Incidence of anthrax is declining in the developed countries; but because of inadequate livestock vaccination program, it remains a public health hazard in the developing countries. Several cutaneous anthrax outbreaks were observed in Bangladesh over the last few years and the latest one occurred in Lalitnagar village, Godagari Upazilla of Rajshahi district in September 2016. We are reporting clinico-demographic profile and treatment outcome of the affected patients with the aim of increasing awareness among the clinicians and public health experts.TAJ 2017; 30(1): 17-20

scholarly journals Infectious Disease Forecasting for Public Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-68
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Lauer ◽  
Alexandria C. Brown ◽  
Nicholas G. Reich
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Common Infectious Disease ◽  
The Face ◽  
Underlying Processes

Forecasting transmission of infectious diseases, especially for vector-borne diseases, poses unique challenges for researchers. Behaviors of and interactions between viruses, vectors, hosts, and the environment each play a part in determining the transmission of a disease. Public health surveillance systems and other sources provide valuable data that can be used to accurately forecast disease incidence. However, many aspects of common infectious disease surveillance data are imperfect: cases may be reported with a delay or in some cases not at all, data on vectors may not be available, and case data may not be available at high geographical or temporal resolution. In the face of these challenges, researchers must make assumptions to either account for these underlying processes in a mechanistic model or to justify their exclusion altogether in a statistical model.

scholarly journals Covid-19 and the Fear of Stigmatization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-256
Author(s):  
Quratulain Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Impact

There are some medical conditions, which make the patients extremely hesitant in contacting the physicians. When the patients are fearful of going to physicians, it is essential to determine whose responsibility it is.1 These days, everyone is fearful of the impact of COVID-19 or corona virus. The disease was started in China and within the time span of few months it crossed the boundaries of China. This public health emergency has affected almost all parts of the globe with its devastating influence. Not only the developing countries but also the developed nations of the world are stunned by the distressing illness that has become a puzzle that is yet to be solved

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