Individual growth of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) and blue shrimp L. stylirostris (Stimpson, 1874) (Crustacea: Penaeidae) by multi-model approach

Individual growth of two shrimp species of the family Penaeidae, the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and blue shrimp L. stylirostris were analyzed. The hypothesis was that both species would have an asymptotic growth type with sigmoid shape. The data comes from shrimp farming in earthen ponds of an aquaculture farm located in the Gulf of California, density was 25 post-larvae m-2 in ponds of 1.8 ha. Three asymptotic models were applied to averaged length at age data: von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and logistic. The model’s parameters were computed by maximum likelihood criterion. Best model was selected according to the Akaike information criterion. The final total length of white shrimp was 128.8 mm and the estimated asymptotic length was 130 mm, after 140 rearing days. The blue shrimp final size was 142.2 mm, and the asymptotic length was 174 mm, after 158 rearing days. For both species, the model which better described the growth was the Gompertz model; consequently the conclusion was that the growth of both species must be sigmoid shape.

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Effect of Estradiol-17β Injection on Gonad Development of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.6.17-25 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

. Tarsim ◽

M. Zairin Junior ◽

E. Riani

Keyword(s):

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Gonad Development ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Hormonal Control ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Protein Marker ◽

Double Injection ◽

Sds Page ◽

Somatic Index

The methods for hormonal control of shrimp reproduction are very limited, and only eyestalk ablation is used to induce ovarian development and spawning in shrimp farming. The occurrence of vertebrate-type steroid hormones in crustaceans have been reported, however, their physiological role are not sufficiently understood. The present study analyzed the effect of estradiol-17β injection on gonad development of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The estradiol-17β dose 0.10 μg/g body weight were used. The treatments consisted of control, single injection (day 0) and double injection (day 0 and 6). The females broodstock were cultured for 12 days. The result showed that estradiol-17β had positive effect on gonad development. The gonado somatic index (GSI) and oocytes diameter in treatment larger than the control. Double injection had highest effect with ∆GSI and oocytes diameter was 0.453  and 23.97 µm, respectively. The only oocytes previtelogenesis was found in gonad. It indicated that estradiol-17β important to induce endogenous vitellogenesis. Gonad development probably affected by gonad inhibiting hormone in the eyestalk. It was inhibited oocyte maturation. The polypeptide sub unit was observed in vitellin of ovari by SDS-PAGE. The molecular weights of approximately 95, 98, 109 and two units higher than 118 kDa of protein marker. Keywords: Gonad, estradiol-17β, oocyte, Litopenaeus vannamei   ABSTRAK Teknologi reproduksi dalam pembenihan udang belum mengalami perkembangan yang signifikan.  Pada umumnya untuk mempercepat kematangan gonad induk udang digunakan teknik ablasi. Mekanisme dan peranan hormon pada proses reproduksi udang belum banyak diketahui. Keberadaan hormon steroid pada krustase telah dikemukaan oleh beberapa peneliti, tetapi peranannya belum banyak diketahui.  Pada penelitian ini dikaji pengaruh penyuntikan hormon estradiol-17β pada perkembangan gonad induk udang putih (Litopenaeus vannamei).  Penelitian ini menggunakan dosis 0,10 μg/g bobot tubuh dengan perlakuan penyuntikan tunggal (hari ke-0) dan ganda (hari ke-0 dan ke-6). Sebagai pembanding dilakukan uji tanpa perlakuan (kontrol). Untuk melihat respon perkembangan gonad, pemeliharaan induk dilakukan selama 12 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa estradiol-17β berpengaruh positif pada perkembangan gonad. Gonado somatic index (GSI) dan rata-rata diameter oosit pada perlakuan relative lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol. Penyuntikan ganda memberikan pengaruh paling besar dengan peningkatan GSI sebesar 0,453  dan rata-rata diameter oosit 23,97 µm.  Oosit pada gonad hanya mampu berkembang hingga tahap previtelogenesis.  Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa estradiol-17β berperang dalam vitelogenesis endogenous. Keberadaan hormon penghambat perkembangan yang dihasilkan tangkai mata diduga menyebabkan oosit tidak dapat mencapai matang. Analisis SDS-PAGE menunjukkan bahwa protein kuning telur pada gonad terdapat  5 sub unit dengan perkiraan bobot 95, 98, 109 kDa dan dua unit >118 kDa. Kata kunci: Gonad, estradiol-17β, oosit, Litopenaeus vannamei

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Efficacy of Probiotics and Bioflocs on the Production Performance of Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon and Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during Polyculture Operation

Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research ◽

10.9734/ajfar/2021/v11i230198 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 15-28

Author(s):

K. Sirisha ◽

Y. Aparna ◽

M. Srinivasulu Reddy

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Penaeus Monodon ◽

Pacific White Shrimp ◽

Mass Mortality ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

Probiotic Bacteria ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Production Rates ◽

Shrimp Culture

Shrimp culture has been developed during the last three decades and the production of farmed shrimp reached its peak. However, the shrimp production was decreased all over the World including in Asian Countries because of the mass mortality due to the outbreak of several diseases predominantly White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) which caused extensive economic damage to the shrimp culture industry. Various Polyculture technologies of shrimp with shellfish, finfish or seaweeds have been implemented to reduce economic damages by mass mortality of shrimp. The present study was conducted with Tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon and Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei through Polyculture operation to determine optimum stocking ratios for induction of best performance and highest production rates. Initially, the experiments were conducted with different ratios and combinations of stocking densities 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 ratios of Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei with control group feed with commercial feed, the other group certain Probiotic bacteria such as Bacillus licheniformis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus added in feed, the third group both the Probiotic bacteria and the addition of external Carbon source from sugarcane molasses in the form of Bioflocs for 100 days. To ascertain further interaction of ratios influence, 20:10, 20:12, 20:15 ratios of stocking and Monoculture experiments were conducted. In both the experiments the Survival rate, Final body weights, Weight Gain, Feed conversion ratio, Specific growth rates, Average daily growth rates, Protein efficiency ratio, and Productivity rates were significantly different (P<0.05) in all the different treatments both for P. monodon and L. vannamei. From the results obtained 20:10 ratio of P. monodon and L. vannamei was considered as the best ratio of stocking, which yielded the highest production rates in all the Control, Probiotic added and both Probiotic & Biofloc added groups. The results obtained in the present study clearly demonstrate that the rearing of taxonomically similar species with optimum stocking ratios seems to improve the efficiency of shrimp farming and substantially increasing the production rates. So, this polyculture of P. monodon and L. vannamei can be considered as an alternative approach towards the establishment of sustainable shrimp farming activity which will yield good economic returns.

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Acute Hepatopancreases Necrosis Diseases (AHPND) as Challenging Threat in Shrimp

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac121.978991 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 978-991

Keyword(s):

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Penaeus Monodon ◽

Penaeid Shrimp ◽

Case Definition ◽

Pacific White Shrimp ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

White Shrimp ◽

The Pacific

White feces syndrome (WFS) is an emerging problem for penaeid shrimp farming industries in South East Asia countries. Outbreaks began in cultivated shrimp Penaeus (Penaeus) monodon, and Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei and spread progressively worldwide, although the disease's cause was unknown. In 2011 a case definition for AHPND (as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis diseases) and white fecal syndrome (WFS) were reported. The presence of white feces floating on water and clinical symptoms include pale empty gut region, reduced growth, movable shell, and black discoloration. The pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, with the major shrimp cultivable species globally, is currently in danger by a severe disease- WFS, which causes serious losses worldwide. It has been confirmed that the causative agent of WFS/AHPND is a bacterium that is a pathogen - probably Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This bacterium currently reported has acquired plasmids that encode lethal binary toxins PirA/PirB causing rapid death of infected shrimp. Additionally, this plasmid acquired some virulence factor which is directly related to pathogenicity. Further rapid diagnostic tests for early detection of WFS/AHPND pathogens will promote the production of hatchery and pond maintenance and contribute to the long-term explication of the disease's various aspects.

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Application of Probiotics for Organic Matter and Enhancement of Growth Performance in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan ◽

10.20473/jipk.v12i1.16618 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Muhammed Jefri ◽

Woro Hastuti Satyantini ◽

Adriana Monica Sahidu ◽

Daruti Dinda Nindarwi ◽

Rozi Rozi

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Organic Content ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Feed Conversion

HighlightsLitopenaeus vannamei has been established as alternative to Penaeus monodon to shrimp farming in several countries.Increased importance of in situ microorganisms both in regulating biogeochemical cycles within the culture environment and in directly affecting shrimp growth and survival.To improve water quality in aquaculture is the application of probiotics and/or enzymes to ponds. AbstractIntensive shrimp farming has raised environmental issues due to aquaculture pollution, which is caused by uneaten feed, feces, organic matter, and toxic compounds (ammonia and H2S). One way to solve this issue is by using probiotics. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the effect of probiotic administration (Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.) at varying concentrations on total organic matter in the rearing water, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, and growth rate of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). This study used a Completely Randomized Design consisting of four treatments: T0 (without the probiotic supplementations), T1 (probiotics at 106 CFU/ml), T2 (probiotics at 107 CFU/mL), T3 (probiotics at 108 CFU/mL) with three replicates each. The results showed that the administration of probiotics at different concentrations had a significant effect on the total amount of organic matter, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, and specific growth rate of white shrimp. Administration of probiotics at a concentration of 107 CFU/ ml had the lowest organic matter in the rearing water, 138 mg /Lt. While probiotic administration at 108 CFU/ ml gave the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.22), the highest feed efficiency (81.57%) and the best growth rate (2.25%/day). This research suggests that the administration of 107-108 CFU/ ml probiotics could be applied to reduce organic content in the rearing water and improve the growth performances of white shrimp.

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Administration of Phyllanthus niruri to control IMNV (myonecrosis infectious virus) infection white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.10.192-202 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

Sukenda . ◽

Sri Nuryati ◽

Isni Rahmatika Sari

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Negative Control ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Striated Muscles ◽

Phyllanthus Niruri ◽

Infectious Myonecrosis Virus ◽

Shrimp Tissue

ABSTRACT Infectious myonecrosis (IMN) disease is a major disease in Indonesia shrimp farming. The disease is caused by infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). Currently, treatment and drug has not been obtained to control the virus. This research was conducted to determine the effect of Phyllanthus niruri extract in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against IMNV infection. Healthy shrimp was given P. niruri extract 20 mg/kg of feed for seven days and after that the shrimp was challenged by orally with IMNV infected shrimp tissue. The positive control was given feed without P. niruri extract and challenged with IMNV infected shrimp tissue, while negative control was not challenged with IMNV infected shrimp tissue. IMNV infection gave a significantly different effect on survival rate. In the shrimp P. niruri previously (86.7%) gave higher survival rate compared to shrimp without P. niruri (66.67%). Survival rate of negative control was 93.33%. IMNV clinical signs in general was white necrotic areas in striated muscles. Histological examination showed that cell necrosis appeared on the mussel tissues. In conclusion the addition of P. niruri to the commercial feed can give the survival rate of shrimp better when challenged with IMNV. Keywords: IMNV, Phyllanthus niruri, Litopenaeus vannamei ABSTRAK Penyakit infectious myonecrosis (IMN) merupakan penyakit utama pada budidaya udang di Indonesia. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). Saat ini, belum diperoleh cara dan obat untuk mengendalikan virus IMNV. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh immunostimulan tepung meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) yang diberikan melalui pakan pada udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang diinfeksi IMNV. Udang vaname yang sehat diberi pakan yang mengandung meniran dengan dosis 20 mg/kg pakan selama tujuh hari dan kemudian diuji tantang secara oral dengan memberikan jaringan udang yang telah terinfeksi IMNV. Udang kontrol positif dilakukan dengan memberi pakan komersial tanpa penambahan meniran yang kemudian diuji tantang dengan memberi makan jaringan udang yang terinfeksi IMNV, sedangkan udang kontrol negatif tidak diuji tantang dengan jaringan yang terinfeksi IMNV. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kelompok udang yang diberi pakan mengandung meniran mempunyai kelangsungan hidup (86,67%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan udang yang tidak diberi pakan mengandung meniran (66,67%) ketika diuji tantang dengan IMNV. Kontrol negatif yang tidak diberi pakan mengandung meniran dan tidak diuji tantang dengan IMNV memberikan kelangsungan hidup 93,33%. Gejala klinis yang ditunjukkan adanya infeksi IMNV terlihat dengan adanya otot putih pada ruas tubuh udang. Pengamatan histopatologi menunjukkan adanya nekrosis pada sel-sel di jaringan otot udang. Sebagai kesimpulan dapat dinyatakan bahwa penambahan meniran pada pakan komersial dapat meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup udang ketika terjadi infeksi IMNV. Kata kunci: IMNV, Phyllanthus niruri, Litopenaeus vannamei

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