Assessing the Efficacy of Treatment Modalities in the Context of Adult Drug Courts in Four Jurisdictions in the United States, 1997-2002

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. Anspach ◽  
Jeff Bouffard ◽  
Andrew S. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Drug Courts ◽  
Efficacy Of Treatment

A Survey of Pediatric Dentists on the Treatment Timing and Modalities for White Spot Lesions in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Traci Saito ◽  
Jae Hyun Park ◽  
Curt Bay
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Treatment Timing ◽  
Pediatric Dentist ◽  
Pediatric Dentists

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of white spot lesions (WSLs) in various practice settings and patient populations, and to gather information about the treatment timing and modalities used by pediatric dentists in the United States. Study design: A fourteen question, multiple choice, electronic survey was developed and distributed to 6,092 active American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) members. Results: A total of 625 active members responded, garnering a 9.7% response rate. Before treatment, there were significantly more WSLs reported in Corporate practice than Multi-Doctor Practice (P=0.002), and significantly more WSLs in Academics/Hospital-Based Practices than in Multi-Doctor Practices (P=0.002). For WSLs after treatment, there were significantly more WSLs in Academic/Hospital-Based practices than in single-practitioner settings (P=0.003). Approximately 38% of pediatric dentists preferred to treat WSLs before, during or after orthodontic treatment, while 23% treat only before and 20% treat only after treatment. The three most common treatment modalities for WSLs, were prescription fluoride toothpaste (5000 ppm), fluoride varnish, and fluoride rinse. Approximately 47% of respondents reported they were “very comfortable” treating WSLs and 31.0% felt “comfortable.” Conclusions: The prevalence of WSLs differed across types of practice. There is no agreement among pediatric dentist as to timing and treatment modalities for WSLs.

Patterns of care in treating childhood neuroblastoma: Evidence from a population level study (SEER) in the United States.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22011-e22011
Author(s):  
Diarmuid Coughlan ◽  
Charles Lynch ◽  
Matthew Gianferante ◽  
Jennifer Stevens ◽  
Linda C Harlan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Patterns Of Care ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Risk Patients

e22011 Background: Childhood neuroblastoma describes a heterogeneous group of extracranial solid tumors. This heterogeneity is reflected in the sequence and variety of treatment modalities administered. We describe the treatment pattern and survival of childhood neuroblastoma patients using population-based data in the United States. Methods: Using the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Patterns of Care data, we examined treatment provided to childhood neuroblastoma patients newly diagnosed in 2010 and 2011 and registered to one of 14 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registries. Data were re-abstracted from hospital records and treating physicians were contacted to verify the treatment given. Stratifying by the Children’s Oncology Group (COG)’s 3-level (low, intermediate and high) neuroblastoma risk classification system for therapeutic decision-making, gave a snapshot of community-based treatment patterns. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were also performed. Results: The majority of 250 patients (76%) were enrolled on an open/active clinical trial. All low-risk patients received surgery with/without chemotherapy. The majority of intermediate-risk patients (77%) received chemotherapy regimen that included carboplatin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin. High-risk patients received extensive, multimodal treatment consisting of chemotherapy, surgery, high dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue (transplant), radiation, immunotherapy (dinutuximab), and isotretinoin therapy. Cyclophosphamide was the most utilized chemotherapy agent (94%) in high-risk patients. Survival with a maximum follow-up of 48 months, was lowest (68%) for patients diagnosed with high-risk disease. Conclusions: The majority of childhood neuroblastoma patients are registered on a risk-based open/active clinical trial. Variation in modality, systemic agents and sequence of treatment reflects the heterogeneity of therapy for childhood neuroblastoma patients.

Learning More From Evaluation of Justice Interventions: Further Consideration of Theoretical Mechanisms in Juvenile Drug Courts

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1091-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Long ◽  
Christopher J. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Drug Court ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Courts ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Juvenile Drug Court ◽  
Path Models ◽  
Court Process

It is essential to learn as much as possible from justice interventions—even those that do not appear to be successful. Data came from a sample of youths participating in drug courts in nine sites across the United States and a comparison group of probationers ( N = 1,372). Measures were drawn from case records. Path models with direct and indirect effects were analyzed. Aspects of the juvenile drug court process appear to heighten the likelihood of youth failure in the program and recidivism. The ratio of incentives to sanctions was protective as drug court youth who experienced more of the former had a reduced likelihood of recidivism. The article concludes that it is important to examine mechanisms that impact the success of justice interventions.

Mental Health Courts

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-112
Author(s):  
David DeMatteo ◽  
Kirk Heilbrun ◽  
Alice Thornewill ◽  
Shelby Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Health Court ◽  
Drug Courts ◽  
Mental Health Courts ◽  
Current State

This chapter focuses on mental health courts, a problem-solving court that developed in the wake of drug courts to address the needs of offenders with mental health diagnoses or co-occurring mental health and substance abuse concerns. In this chapter, the authors first review the overrepresentation of individuals with mental illness in the criminal justice system. They then describe the history and current state of mental health courts in the United States. The chapter then provides a detailed summary of the research on mental health courts. Although there is considerably less research on mental health courts than on drug courts, the available research provides reason to be cautiously optimistic. Within this discussion, the authors also note the limitations in mental health court research. Finally, the authors conclude the chapter with a discussion of innovative mental health court practices and the future of mental health courts.

Empathy and the failure to treat pain

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN D. PASSIK ◽  
KAREN BYERS ◽  
KENNETH L. KIRSH
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
The Face ◽  
Push Forward ◽  
Rational Therapy

We set out to discuss the psychological barriers that exist in the treatment of pain. Specifically, we argue that clinicians have several innate mechanisms at play that can hinder their judgment and lead to erroneous assumptions about their patients. Issues are discussed from social psychological and psychodynamic perspectives. A focus is placed on the issue of empathy and how this, too, can act as a barrier to rational judgment when evaluating patients. In the face of growing scrutiny on pain management in the United States, it is important to understand the barriers to providing care that already exist on an intrinsic level. Through the exploration of these barriers, clinicians might be better able to reflect on their own practice. Ultimately, we hope to push forward an agenda of rational therapy in pain management that utilizes safeguards against abuse and addiction while also preserving treatment modalities for patients in need of services.

Treatment Modalities for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in the United States: Trends and Survival Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 989-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Di Corpo ◽  
Francisco Schlottmann ◽  
Paula D. Strassle ◽  
Kamil Nurczyk ◽  
Marco G. Patti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Survival Outcomes

Can Drug Courts Help to Reduce Prison and Jail Populations?

2013 ◽  
Vol 647 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric L. Sevigny ◽  
Harold A. Pollack ◽  
Peter Reuter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Drug Courts ◽  
Eligibility Requirements ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Made In

Drug courts have been widely praised as an important tool for reducing prison and jail populations by diverting drug-involved offenders into treatment rather than incarceration. Yet only a small share of offenders presenting with drug abuse or dependence are processed in drug courts. This study uses inmate self-report surveys from 2002 and 2004 to examine characteristics of the prison and jail populations in the United States and assess why so many drug-involved offenders are incarcerated. Our analysis shows that four factors have prevented drug courts from substantially lowering the flow into prisons and jails. In descending order of importance, these are: drug courts’ tight eligibility requirements, specific sentencing requirements, legal consequences of program noncompliance, and constraints in drug court capacity and funding. Drug courts will only be able to help lower prison and jail populations if substantial changes are made in eligibility and sentencing rules.

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