scholarly journals Environmental Enrichment Ameliorates Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rats without Altering Plasma Corticosterone Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 1074-1080
Author(s):  
Muthmainah Muthmainah ◽  
Winda Atika Sari ◽  
Nanang Wiyono ◽  
Dhoni Akbar Ghazali ◽  
Ratih Dewi Yudhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
And Function

BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorder is one of the most common psychiatric problems. Prolonged stress gives rise to anxiety-like behavior in animals. Environmental interventions influence the outcome of anxiety treatment. Environmental enrichment (EE) can modulate brain’s structure and function. AIM: The objective of the study was to evaluate EE effects on anxiety-like behavior and corticosterone (CORT) level after unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). METHODS: A total of 28 rats were assigned into four groups randomly: Control, UCMS, UCMS+EE, and UCMS+fluoxetine. UCMS, EE, and fluoxetine were given for 21 days. Anxiety behavior was measured on day 22nd using Elevated Plus Maze. Behavioral measurement was based on the total time spent and total entries onto open and closed arms. CORT was measured using ELISA. RESULTS: UCMS increased anxiety-like behavior as seen from reduced number of entries and time spent in open arms as well as increased number of entries and time spent in in closed arms in UCMS group than control. Rats in EE group spent more time and made more entries in the open arms than UCMS group (both p = 0.002). Anxiolytic effect of EE was stronger than fluoxetine. Plasma CORT level among groups did not differ significantly (p = 0.351). CONCLUSION: EE can ameliorate stress-induced anxiety-like behavior without affecting CORT level.

scholarly journals Peptide Selank Enhances the Effect of Diazepam in Reducing Anxiety in Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Conditions in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Kasian ◽  
Timur Kolomin ◽  
Lyudmila Andreeva ◽  
Elena Bondarenko ◽  
Nikolay Myasoedov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Benzodiazepine Drugs

It was shown that the anxiolytic effect of Selank is comparable to that of classical benzodiazepine drugs and that the basis of their mechanism of action may be similar. These data suggest that the presence of Selank may change the action of classical benzodiazepine drugs. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the anxiolytic activity of Selank and diazepam in rats both under conditions of unpredictable chronic mild stress and in its absence, after the individual and combined administration of these compounds using the elevated plus maze test. We found that, even in the absence of chronic stress, the administration of a course of test substances changed anxiety indicators toward their deterioration, but the changes after the administration of a course of Selank were less pronounced. In conditions of chronic stress, anxiety indicator values after the simultaneous use of diazepam and Selank did not differ from the respective values observed before chronic stress exposure. The data obtained indicate that the individual administration of Selank was the most effective in reducing elevated levels of anxiety, induced by the administration of a course of test substances, whereas the combination of diazepam with Selank was the most effective in reducing anxiety in unpredictable chronic mild stress conditions.

scholarly journals Short Daily Exposure to Environmental Enrichment, Fluoxetine, or Their Combination Reverses Deterioration of the Coat and Anhedonia Behaviors with Differential Effects on Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Chronically Stressed Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10976
Author(s):  
Gerardo Bernabé Ramírez-Rodríguez ◽  
Nelly Maritza Vega-Rivera ◽  
David Meneses-San Juan ◽  
Leonardo Ortiz-López ◽  
Erika Montserrat Estrada-Camarena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Daily Exposure ◽  
Newborn Neurons

Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder with a high impact on the worldwide population. To overcome depression, antidepressant drugs are the first line of treatment. However, pre-clinical studies have pointed out that antidepressants are not entirely efficacious and that the quality of the living environment after stress cessation may play a relevant role in increasing their efficacy. As it is unknown whether a short daily exposure to environmental enrichment during chronic stress and antidepressant treatment will be more effective than just the pharmacological treatment, this study analyzed the effects of fluoxetine, environmental enrichment, and their combination on depressive-associated behavior. Additionally, we investigated hippocampal neurogenesis in mice exposed to chronic mild stress. Our results indicate that fluoxetine reversed anhedonia. Besides, fluoxetine reversed the decrement of some events of the hippocampal neurogenic process caused by chronic mild stress. Conversely, short daily exposure to environmental enrichment changed the deterioration of the coat and anhedonia. Although, this environmental intervention did not produce significant changes in the neurogenic process affected by chronic mild stress, fluoxetine plus environmental enrichment showed similar effects to those caused by environmental enrichment to reverse depressive-like behaviors. Like fluoxetine, the combination reversed the declining number of Ki67, doublecortin, calretinin cells and mature newborn neurons. Finally, this study suggests that short daily exposure to environmental enrichment improves the effects of fluoxetine to reverse the deterioration of the coat and anhedonia in chronically stressed mice. In addition, the combination of fluoxetine with environmental enrichment produces more significant effects than those caused by fluoxetine alone on some events of the neurogenic process. Thus, environmental enrichment improves the benefits of pharmacological treatment by mechanisms that need to be clarified.

Chronic mild stress damages mitochondrial ultrastructure and function in mouse brain

2011 ◽  
Vol 488 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Gong ◽  
Yi Chai ◽  
Jian-Hua Ding ◽  
Xiu-Lan Sun ◽  
Gang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Ultrastructure ◽  
Ultrastructure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Young-Adult Male Rats’ Vulnerability to Chronic Mild Stress Is Reflected by Anxious-Like instead of Depressive-Like Behaviors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herrera-Pérez José Jaime ◽  
Benítez-Coronel Venus ◽  
Jiménez-Rubio Graciela ◽  
Hernández-Hernández Olivia Tania ◽  
Martínez-Mota Lucía
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Plus Maze

In a previous study, we found that chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm did not induce anhedonia in young-adult male rats but it reduced their body weight gain. These contrasting results encouraged us to explore other indicators of animal’s vulnerability to stress such as anxious-like behaviors, since stress is an etiologic factor also for anxiety. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the vulnerability of these animals to CMS using behavioral tests of depression or anxiety and measuring serum corticosterone. Male Wistar rats were exposed to four weeks of CMS; the animals’ body weight and sucrose preference (indicator of anhedonia) were assessed after three weeks, and, after the fourth week, some animals were evaluated in a behavioral battery (elevated plus maze, defensive burying behavior, and forced swimming tests); meanwhile, others were used to measure serum corticosterone. We found that CMS (1) did not affect sucrose preference, immobility behavior in the forced swimming test, or serum corticosterone; (2) decreased body weight gain; and (3) increased the rat’s entries into closed arms of the plus maze and the cumulative burying behavior. These data indicate that young male rats’ vulnerability to CMS is reflected as poor body weight gain and anxious-like instead of depressive-like behaviors.

scholarly journals Antidepressant and Anxiolytic profiles of Cymbopogon Flexuosus Ethanolic extract in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress induced in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
Yousra Nomier ◽  
Gihan F. Asaad ◽  
Saeed Alshahrani ◽  
Seham Safhi ◽  
Layla Medrba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

The chronic mild stress (CMS) model in rats is a classic example to further understanding of human psychopathology. This study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant and anxiolytic activity of Cymbopogon Flexuosusethanolic extractagainst CMS model induced in rats. The ethanolic extract of dried leaves of C. flexuosus was subjected to GCMS analysis using Thermo Scientific GC/MS equipped with AS 3000 auto samplers, trace ultra-GC and ISQ detector for determination of phytoconstituents. Rats were divided randomly into 7 groups (n=6). Group 1 was kept as normal unstressed rats given saline, Group 2 was unstressed rats given fluoxetine (1mg/kg), Groups from 3 to 7 were subjected to CMS model. Rats of group 3 served as control +ve. Thirty minutes before behavioral assessment, groups (4-7) were given fluoxetine (1mg/kg), extract at the dose of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg (p.o) respectively. Antidepressant and anxiolytic activities were assessed by activity box, open field activity, light and dark box and elevated plus maze. The neurotransmitter serotonin was determined in serum. The ethanolic extract of C. flexuosus at the doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg significantly ameliorated all the behavioral deficits that originated as a result of CMS. The group given C.flexuosus at a dose of 100 mg/kg showed the best effect among all other treated groups. Similar results were obtained on determining the serotonin levels in serum. It was concluded that the plant extract possesses a potential antidepressant and anxiolytic effect against chronic mild stress induced in rats.

scholarly journals The Anxiolytic Effects of Valtrate in Rats Involves Changes of Corticosterone Levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ning Shi ◽  
Jin-Li Shi ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Yan-Li Wang ◽  
Chun-Guo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Valeriana Jatamansi ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Valtrate is a principle compound isolated fromValeriana jatamansiJones, which is a Traditional Chinese Medicine used to treat various mood disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anxiolytic effects of valtrate in rats. The animals were orally administered valtrate (5, 10, and 20 g/kg daily) for 10 days and exposed to open field test (OFT) and elevated plus-maze (EPM). Then the corticosterone levels in the rat serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The valtrate (10 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited the anxiolytic effect in rats by increasing the time and entry percentage into the open arms in the EPM and the number of central entries in the OFT. Valtrate (10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the corticosterone level in the rat serum. Taken together, these results suggest that the valtrate has anxiolytic activity in behavioral models that might be mediated via the function of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Cortical 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor biased agonist, NLX-101, displays rapid-acting antidepressant-like properties in the rat chronic mild stress model

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1456-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Depoortère ◽  
Mariusz Papp ◽  
Piotr Gruca ◽  
Magdalena Lason-Tyburkiewicz ◽  
Monika Niemczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Extended Duration ◽  
Cessation Of Treatment ◽  
Biased Agonist

Background:NLX-101 (also known as F15599) is a highly selective and efficacious ‘biased’ agonist at cortical 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) heteroreceptors. In rodents, it possesses marked antidepressant-like activity, potently and completely abolishing immobility in the forced swim test (FST) with extended duration of action.Methods:We investigated the antidepressant-like activity of NLX-101 using the rat chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression, considered to have a higher translational potential than the FST, as it possesses construct, face and predictive validity. The effects of CMS and repeated NLX-101 treatment were tested using sucrose consumption (a measure of anhedonia), novel object recognition (NOR; a measure of working memory) and elevated plus maze (EPM; a measure of anxiety) tests.Results:NLX-101 reversed the CMS-induced decrease of sucrose intake on day 1 of testing, with full reversal observed at the dose of 0.16 mg/kg and a less pronounced but still significant effect at 0.04 mg/kg, both given twice a day intraperitoneally. The effects of NLX-101 were maintained over the 2 week treatment period and persisted for four weeks following cessation of treatment. In the NOR test, both doses of NLX-101 rescued the deficit in discrimination index caused by CMS, without any effect on locomotor activity. However, NLX-101 had no effect on the reduction of open-arms entries produced by CMS in the EPM model. In control, non-stressed rats, NLX-101 produced non-significant effects in all three models.Conclusions:NLX-101 displayed efficacious activity in the CMS test, with more rapid (1 day) antidepressant-like effects than pharmacological compounds tested previously under the same experimental conditions. These observations suggest that biased agonist targeting of cortical 5-HT1Areceptors constitutes a promising strategy to achieve rapid-acting and sustained antidepressant effects.

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