scholarly journals Antidepressant and Anxiolytic profiles of Cymbopogon Flexuosus Ethanolic extract in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress induced in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
Yousra Nomier ◽  
Gihan F. Asaad ◽  
Saeed Alshahrani ◽  
Seham Safhi ◽  
Layla Medrba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

The chronic mild stress (CMS) model in rats is a classic example to further understanding of human psychopathology. This study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant and anxiolytic activity of Cymbopogon Flexuosusethanolic extractagainst CMS model induced in rats. The ethanolic extract of dried leaves of C. flexuosus was subjected to GCMS analysis using Thermo Scientific GC/MS equipped with AS 3000 auto samplers, trace ultra-GC and ISQ detector for determination of phytoconstituents. Rats were divided randomly into 7 groups (n=6). Group 1 was kept as normal unstressed rats given saline, Group 2 was unstressed rats given fluoxetine (1mg/kg), Groups from 3 to 7 were subjected to CMS model. Rats of group 3 served as control +ve. Thirty minutes before behavioral assessment, groups (4-7) were given fluoxetine (1mg/kg), extract at the dose of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg (p.o) respectively. Antidepressant and anxiolytic activities were assessed by activity box, open field activity, light and dark box and elevated plus maze. The neurotransmitter serotonin was determined in serum. The ethanolic extract of C. flexuosus at the doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg significantly ameliorated all the behavioral deficits that originated as a result of CMS. The group given C.flexuosus at a dose of 100 mg/kg showed the best effect among all other treated groups. Similar results were obtained on determining the serotonin levels in serum. It was concluded that the plant extract possesses a potential antidepressant and anxiolytic effect against chronic mild stress induced in rats.

scholarly journals Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) Modulates TCD4+ and TCD8+ Cell Profile of Doxorubicin-Induced Immuno-Suppressed Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. 3774-3776
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ridwan Lubis ◽  
Reny Haryani ◽  
Safriana Safriana ◽  
Denny Satria
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cell Profile ◽  
Group 1

AIM: To evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of ethanolic extract of herb pugun tanoh on TCD4 and TCD8 cells in Doxorubicin-induced rats. METHODS: Fifteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups consisting of six rats each as follows: Group 1, DOX-treated rats (4.67 mg/kg BW body weight on day 1 and 4) and were administered normal saline 0.9% orally once daily for 7 consecutive days, Group 2, receiving Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) of dose 150 mg/kg BW orally, Group 3, receiving dose Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) 300 mg/kg BW orally. The rats of group 2-3 were intramuscularly administered with doxorubicin at a dose of 4.67 mg/kg BW at the days 1-4 to suppress immune functions. RESULTS: Treatment of 300 mg/kg BW of Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) succeeded in reducing side effect doxorubicin based on increasing the TCD4+ and TCD8+ blood level. CONCLUSION: Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) could increase the level of TCD4+ and TCD8+ in rats which induced by doxorubicin.

scholarly journals Study of Some Parameters to Evaluate Immunization against Leishmaniasis in Golden hamsters

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Fawzia A. Al-Shanawi ◽  
Harith S. Al-Warid
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Parasite Culture ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Incubation period, smears, impression and parasite culture for each liver, spleen, foot and blood were observed along five times follow up (15,30, 45, 60, 75, 90) days after challenge infection with virulent Leishmania tropica isolate in four groups of golden hamsters, inoculated with (one, two, three) doses of different antigens as following: Group (1) inoculated with autoclaved killed Leishmania tropica, Group (2) inoculated with BCG vaccine alone while Group (3) Inoculated with mixed vaccines (autoclaved killed Leishmania + BCG) and (4) control animals inoculated with phosphate buffer saline. Group 3, was considered as the best vaccine in this study because animal inoculated with this vaccine showed the following results compared with other antigens: - No lesion appeared along 90 days of following up.- Negative foot impression and culture up to 15 and 30 days of infection respectively, - Negative spleen and liver impression up to 30 days of infection when comparing with other groups.

Dual effects of erdosteine on hemostasis via its different metabolites in young rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1644-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vefik Arica ◽  
Murat Tutanc ◽  
Oktay Hasan Ozturk ◽  
Secil Arica ◽  
Fatmagul Basarslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim: In the study, we examined erdosteine’s effects on platelet functions and coagulation. Materials and methods: A total 29 young albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Control rats ( n = 6) were given saline; Group 1 rats ( n = 7) were given 3 mg/kg erdosteine by oral gavage for 3 days; Group 2 rats ( n = 7) were given 10 mg/kg erdosteine by oral gavage for 3 days; and Group 3 rats ( n = 9) were given 30 mg/kg erdosteine for 3 days. Twenty-four hours after the final dose, blood samples were drawn from a portal vein. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and international normalized ratio (INR) were measured, and platelet counts were examined in a peripheral blood smear by light microscopy. Results: PT and INR values of Group 1 increased compared to the controls but did not change in Group 3. Hemostatic parameters were not measured in Group 2 because the blood samples in Group 2’s tubes clotted rapidly. Platelet counts of the peripheral blood from Group 2 were low but were normal in other groups. Conclusion: We have concluded erdosteine may disrupt hemostasis parameters by its different metabolites in patients. Erdosteine has dual effects on hemostasis via its different metabolites, which occur in different doses.

scholarly journals Peptide Selank Enhances the Effect of Diazepam in Reducing Anxiety in Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Conditions in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Kasian ◽  
Timur Kolomin ◽  
Lyudmila Andreeva ◽  
Elena Bondarenko ◽  
Nikolay Myasoedov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Benzodiazepine Drugs

It was shown that the anxiolytic effect of Selank is comparable to that of classical benzodiazepine drugs and that the basis of their mechanism of action may be similar. These data suggest that the presence of Selank may change the action of classical benzodiazepine drugs. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the anxiolytic activity of Selank and diazepam in rats both under conditions of unpredictable chronic mild stress and in its absence, after the individual and combined administration of these compounds using the elevated plus maze test. We found that, even in the absence of chronic stress, the administration of a course of test substances changed anxiety indicators toward their deterioration, but the changes after the administration of a course of Selank were less pronounced. In conditions of chronic stress, anxiety indicator values after the simultaneous use of diazepam and Selank did not differ from the respective values observed before chronic stress exposure. The data obtained indicate that the individual administration of Selank was the most effective in reducing elevated levels of anxiety, induced by the administration of a course of test substances, whereas the combination of diazepam with Selank was the most effective in reducing anxiety in unpredictable chronic mild stress conditions.

scholarly journals The Effects of Alkaloids Fraction of Cyperus esculentus on Some Biochemical Parameters and Histopathology of the Testis of Lead-Induced Toxicity

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Godson Emeka Anyanwu ◽  
Luqman Adepoju Hassan ◽  
Ifeanacho Ezeteonu Abireh ◽  
Nto Johnson Nto
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim: This study evaluated the protective effect of alkaloids fraction of Cyperus esculentus on lead-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rat. Methodology: Twenty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five (5) groups, (n=5). Group 1 was administered with 1ml normal saline only, group 2 was administered with 30 mg/kg of lead, group 3 was administered with 50mg/kg of alkaloids and 30 mg/kg of lead, group 4 was administered with 100 mg/kg of alkaloids and 30 mg/kg of lead, group 5 was administered 150mg/kg of alkaloids and 30 mg/kg of lead orally for 28 days. The testes of the rats were harvested on day 29 of the experiment and histological studies done using the H&E and Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG) stains. Sperm parameters, sex hormones and antioxidant of testicular homogenates were analysed. Results: Histological examination of the testes revealed increased spermatogenic cells and Leydig cell proliferation in the rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 administered with 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg of Alkaloids, and 30 mg/kg of lead, respectively, when compared with group 2 administered with 30 mg/kg of lead alone. Also there was significant increase in levels of serum testosterone (p < .05) in groups 3, 4, and 5 when compared with group 2. There was increase in levels of follicle stimulating hormone in groups 4, and 5 when compared with group 2. However, significant decreased in luteinizing hormone was observed in groups 3, 4 and 5. Group 2, treated with 30 mg/kg of lead only showed increased malondialdehyde levels when compared with group 1 that received 1ml normal saline. Group 3, 4, and 5, treated with 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg of alkaloid plus 30 mg/kg lead, respectively, showed significant growth of seminiferous epithelium, improved sperm quality, and decreased levels of malondialdehyde (p < .05). Conclusion: This study shows that alkaloids fraction of Cyperus esculentus may have a protective effect on the testis of Wistar rat when it is exposed to toxicity from lead.

scholarly journals Superoxide via Sp3 mechanism increases renal renin activity, renal AT1 receptor function, and blood pressure in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. F1478-F1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saleem ◽  
Xitao Wang ◽  
Indira Pokkunuri ◽  
Mohammad Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Lysine Acetylation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

We tested a hypothesis that superoxide, by inducing Sp3, increases renal renin activity, renal angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) function, and blood pressure (BP) in rats. Group 1 rats were treated with vehicle, saline. Group 2 rats were treated with superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor diethylthiocarbamate (DETC). Group 3 rats were treated with DETC and an SOD mimetic, tempol. Group 4 rats were treated with tempol only. All four groups of rats were treated for 2 wk then anesthetized, and BP was recorded. Thereafter, diuresis and natriuresis in response to AT1R blocker candesartan were determined. When compared with vehicle rats, BP increased in DETC rats. The increased BP in DETC rats decreased with tempol. Diuresis and natriuresis in response to candesartan increased in controls, and this further increased in DETC rats and decreased with tempol. A second set of four groups of rats underwent the same treatment as above and were anesthetized, and their kidneys were obtained for biochemical studies. The levels of superoxide but not hydrogen peroxide increased, whereas SOD activities decreased further in the renal cortical tissues of DETC rats than vehicle rats. These effects were attenuated with tempol in DETC rats. Moreover, tissue renin activity and abundance of membranous AT1R proteins increased more in DETC rats than vehicle rats, and decreased with tempol in DETC rats. Furthermore, the levels of lysine-acetylated, but not serine-phosphorylated, Sp3 increased more in the nuclei of DETC rats than vehicle rats. The increased levels of Sp3 lysine acetylation decreased in DETC rats with tempol. Taken together, our results suggest that superoxide activates renal Sp3 via lysine acetylation increasing renin activity, AT1R function, and BP in rats.

scholarly journals Comparing the Effect of Dexamethasone, Normal Saline, and Metoclopramide on Prevention of Postoperative Nausea, Vomiting and Pain in Patient Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy or Open Appendectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Mohanad Y. Al-Radeef ◽  
Sattar J. Abood ◽  
Waleed K. Abdulsahib ◽  
Salah O. Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Open Appendectomy ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Lower Pain Score ◽  
Group 1

BACKGROUND: Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pain are a common complications of adult patients undergoing anesthesia, but the incidence of these complications in patients go through laparoscopic cholecystectomy or open appendectomy is unknown. AIM: We conduct this study for comparing the effect of dexamethasone administration with normal saline and with metoclopramide for reducing these undesirable effects. DESIGN: This was a three-armed, parallel-group, double-blind, and randomized controlled clinical trial. METHODS: Seventy-two patients of both genders underwent elective surgeries (laparoscopic cholecystectomy or open appendectomy), randomly assigned to three groups: A dexamethasone-treated (8 mg) group (Group 1) (n = 24), normal saline-treated (100 ml) group (Group 2) (n = 24), and metoclopramide-treated (10 mg) group (Group 3) (n = 24). All nausea, vomiting, and pain episodes were recorded during 24 h after anesthesia in three time periods: 0–4, 4–12, and 12–24 h post-anesthesia. Results: Nausea and vomiting grading scale shows no significant difference when compare dexamethasone (Group 1) with normal saline (Group 2), significant difference when compare dexamethasone (Group 1) with metoclopramide (Group 3), and also significant difference when compare normal saline (Group 2) with metoclopramide (Group 3). Group 1 showed a lower pain score (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001) compared with pain score recorded by patients of Groups 2 and 3, respectively. Besides that, Group 2 also showed a lower pain score (p < 0.0001) compared with pain score recorded by Group 3 patients. CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone has unimportant effect when compare with normal saline, more effectiveness than metoclopramide in reducing PONV. However, dexamethasone more effective in reducing pain when comparing with normal saline and metoclopramide for patients they underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy or open appendectomy surgery under general anesthesia.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Phytochemical diversity and bioactivity of Malaysian Premna cordifolia (Lamiaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
DZULSUHAIMI DAUD ◽  
MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ AZAMUDIN MD DEWA ◽  
EMI NORZEHAN MOHAMAD MAHBOB ◽  
WAN RAZARINAH WAN ABDUL RAZAK
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
World Health ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract. Daud D, Dewa MSAM, Mahbob ENM, Razak WRWA. 2021. Short Communication: Phytochemical diversity and bioactivity of Malaysian Premna cordifolia (Lamiaceae). Biodiversitas 22: 3245-3248. The aims of the present study are to determine the chelation potential and protective effect of Premna cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract in lead intoxicated mice. Twenty-four male mice were divided into four groups with six animals each. Group 1 was healthy mice and received 2 ml/kg bwt distilled water. Group 2 was healthy mice and supplemented with 200 mg/kg bwt P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract. Group 3 was lead intoxicated mice and received 2 ml/kg bwt distilled water. Group 4 was lead intoxicated mice and supplemented with 200 mg/kg bwt P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract. All treatments were given for 14 days. Chelation activity was determined by measuring the concentrations of lead in the liver, kidney and testis by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Sperm quality was tested according to World Health Organization manual and testosterone was estimated by using ELISA kit. Spectroscopic data showed that P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract was able to lower lead concentrations in liver, kidney and testis of lead intoxicated mice. Following a decrease in lead concentrations, sperm quality and testosterone levels were restored in lead intoxicated mice supplemented with P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract. In conclusion, P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract has the potential to be developed as an alternative remedy for treating lead poisoning effects.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera root in wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 2107
Author(s):  
Kunjumon Dayana ◽  
Megaravalli R. Manasa
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Background: Free radicals generated as by-products of metabolism can cause damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. They are scavenged by endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. But when these mechanisms are overwhelmed, free radicals can cause toxicity. There is a need to identify new antioxidant compounds. Hence the current study was undertaken to assess the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera roots in Wistar rats.Methods: Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (control) were administered vehicle. Group 2 received DMBA (30mg/kg BW, single dose) intraperitoneally on day 5. Group 3 was pre-treated with Calotropis procera root extract (500mg/kg BW) orally for 5 days. On day 5, they were given DMBA injection 2 hrs after the extract. Group 4 rats received only root extract for 5 days. All rats were sacrificed on day 6 and samples were analysed for TBARS, conjugated dienes and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) levels.Results: The levels of TBARS, conjugated dienes were significantly increased, and antioxidant enzymes were decreased in group 2 both in plasma and erythrocytes. Pretreatment with C. procera root extract (group 3) has normalized the TBARS and conjugated dienes levels in plasma but in erythrocytes, TBARS levels are elevated. GPx activity was significantly decreased in both plasma and erythrocytes and SOD activity was decreased in erythrocytes. CAT activity was comparable to control group. Group 4 rats showed TBARS, conjugated dienes and antioxidant enzymes levels comparable to control.Conclusions: The present study establishes that Calotropis procera root extract has antioxidant activity in wistar rats.

scholarly journals Inflammatory stress and idiosyncratic drugs hepatotoxicity in rabbit

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
H. T. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Hepatotoxic Effect ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity is none or time-related, unpredictable, occur infrequently and can be fatal. It was proposed that inflammatory or oxidative stress occurs randomly in patients even after asymptomatic incidence can precipitate drug hepatotoxicity. To measure the hepatotoxicity of diclofenac in rabbit serum following the incidence of inflammatory stress by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and correlate this to various stress parameters as Malondialdehyde (MDA). 24 rabbits were divided into four groups (6 each) according to the type of treatment. Group 1: control (received normal saline). Group 2 received diclofenac sod. (5mg/kg, orally 3times daily for three days). Group 3: received lipopolysaccharide (150μg/kg, i.v, 24 hours before killing. Group 4: received diclofenac sod. + Lipopolysaccharide (5mg/kg orally + 150μg/kg, i.v 24 hours before killing). Then for each animal were measure, liver M D A, liver enzymes. LPS potentiated the hepatotoxic effect of diclofenac sod. The effect is mediated by oxidative and inflammatory reactions as demonstrated by increase in a liver tissue M D A.

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