scholarly journals Factors Related to Adolescent Smoking: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 1267-1272
Author(s):  
Charin Suwanwong ◽  
Romtawan Kalapat ◽  
Siriwan Pitayarangsarit ◽  
Surasak Chaiyasong
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Occasional Smoking ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Objective: This study aimed to explore the individual, familial, and social factors associated with different smoking status in Thai adolescents from the 2017 Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Drinking Behavior Survey (CSAD) Methods: The nationally representative sample of 6046 adolescents aged 15-19 years who took part in the 2017 CSAD in Thailand. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the associations between the individual, familial, and social factors and different smoking status.   Results: The daily smoking and occasional smoking was 6.4% and 3.3%, respectively. Gender, alcohol use, substance use, attitudes toward smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke at home, anti-smoking social media campaign, and graphic warning labels were related to both daily and occasional smoking. Daily smoking was associated with exposure to secondhand smoke at school, restaurant, and public transport, and exposure to tobacco advertising. Conclusion: These findings suggest that smoking prevention intervention should particularly focus on these factors and also need to develop the anti-smoking policies for smoking prevention among adolescents.

Childhood Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Risk of Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease and Stroke in Adulthood: A Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Zhou ◽  
K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Secondhand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Background: This study aimed to investigate the associations between secondhand smoke exposure and dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and stroke. Methods: This prospective study analyzed Framingham Offspring (FHS-OS) cohort participants with parents in the original Framingham Heart Study (FHS) cohort with known smoking status during offspring childhood. Surveillance for incident events, including dementia and stroke, among offspring participants exposed to parental smoking up to the age of 18 years commenced at examination 9 through 2014 and continued for approximately 30 years. Results: At baseline, a total of 1683 (56.2%) subjects were not exposed to any secondhand smoke, whereas 670 (22.4%) subjects were exposed to 0-1 packs (20 cigarettes)/day, and 640 (21.4%) were exposed to over 1 pack/day. On follow-up (median: 31 years), 2993 patients developed dementia, including 103 with AD dementia and 315 with stroke. After adjusting for a wide range of established risk factors, participants with the highest exposure to secondhand smoke exhibited increased risks of all dementia, AD dementia and stroke compared with individuals with no exposure [HR 2.86 (2.00-4.09) for dementia; HR 3.13 (1.80-5.42) for AD dementia; HR 1.89 (1.37-2.61) for stroke]. The results remained comparable in the subgroup for individuals with median exposure to secondhand smoke. Conclusion: Exposure to secondhand smoke may be associated with increased risks of dementia, AD dementia and stroke.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characteristics of Smoking Among School-Going Adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 21s-21s
Author(s):  
K.Y. Low ◽  
S.J. Jag Singh ◽  
H.S. Mohd Hashim ◽  
C. Lim ◽  
N.I. Junazli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Objective Measurement ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Passive Smoke ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2014), noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease account for a majority of premature deaths in the Malaysian population. Tobacco smoking remains a leading risk factor for these diseases. Although there have been previous population-level studies which have highlighted adolescent smokers in Malaysia, little has been done to specifically ascertain smoking prevalence within a school-going population using objective measurement tools. Aim: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of school-going adolescent smokers in Kuala Lumpur via an objective measurement - expired carbon monoxide (CO) in parts per million (ppm). Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that involved 2,679 high school-going adolescents aged between 13 to 18 years old in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The level of exhaled CO (Smokerlyzer test) of all the participants was measured. Participants were also administered with a survey conducted right after the Smokerlyzer test to determine i) whether they smoked or not; ii) type of tobacco products used if smoked; iii) vaping or shisha usage; and iv) exposure to secondhand smoke. The categorization of smoking status was based on CO-ppm reading: ≤ 3 ppm (nonsmoker); 3 < ppm ≤ 6 (light smoker or nonsmoker breathing in poor air quality or passive smoke inhalation); ≥ 7 ppm (regular smoker with higher levels of CO in blood). Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the demographics of the study population. Inferential analysis was carried out utilizing χ2 tests or Student t-tests to test associations between smoking status and other independent variables. One-way ANOVA test was conducted to compare the differences in CO-ppm readings. Results: The mean age of the adolescents (n=2,679) was 14.5 ± 1.2 years old (median: 14) and 55.1% were male. Interestingly, vaping was the most commonly used method of tobacco use among the studied adolescents, regardless of gender, followed by cigarettes and shisha. The mean CO-ppm reading for male adolescents was significantly higher than female adolescents. Passive smoke inhalation (exposure to secondhand smoke) was significantly associated with higher readings of CO-ppm. A significant association was determined between status of exposure to secondhand smoke and a history of usage of any form of tobacco products. Conclusion: The prevalence of smoking adolescents, regardless of gender, in Kuala Lumpur remains at a worrying state. Objective measurements such as Smokerlyzer test can be coupled with self-reported questionnaire in targeting adolescent smokers within a structured setting such as a school and can help form part of an effective school-based smoking cessation intervention program targeting adolescents in Malaysia. This is in line with efforts to make Malaysia a smoke-free nation by 2045.

scholarly journals Estimation of lifetime cumulative mortality risk of lung cancer by smoking status in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1218-1224
Author(s):  
Megumi Hori ◽  
Eiko Saito ◽  
Kota Katanoda ◽  
Shoichiro Tsugane
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Estimated Risk ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract The main objective of this study was to estimate the cumulative mortality risk for lung cancer according to smoking status and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in Japan. We applied a life-table method to estimate the cumulative risk. Estimated lifetime cumulative risk for 20-year-old non-smokers, former, and current smokers was 3.2%, 7.6%, and 14.9% for men and 1.9%, 5.6%, and 7.2% for women, respectively. For males, the estimated risk was 3.2% for non-smokers not exposed to SHS and 4.1% for non-smokers exposed to SHS. For females, the estimated risk was 1.9% for non-smokers not exposed to SHS and 2.4% for non-smokers exposed to SHS. Lifetime cumulative mortality risk differed greatly according to smoking status. Moreover, SHS exposure resulted in observable differences in lifetime mortality risk. This study may be useful for the development of tailored prevention programs.

scholarly journals Frequency of Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Outside the Home Is Associated with a Lower FEV1/FVC in Male Workers Regardless of Smoking Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi INOMOTO ◽  
Hiroshi YAMATO ◽  
Ryoma MICHISHITA ◽  
Ying JIANG ◽  
Shingo NISHIYAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Male Workers

scholarly journals Prevalence of Portuguese Children Exposed to Secondhand Smoke at Home and in the Car

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
José Precioso ◽  
Vânia Rocha ◽  
Isabel Sousa ◽  
Ana Carolina Araújo ◽  
José Cunha Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parental Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Promote Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Children’S Exposure ◽  
At Home

Introduction: Children’s exposure to secondhand smoke is a cause of serious health problems and infant morbidity. This is the first nationally representative study conducted in Portugal to describe the prevalence of children exposed to secondhand smoke at home and in the car.Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 2396 Portuguese children aged 0 to 9 years old, stratified by age and administrative region NUTS II. Questionnaires were administered between January and September 2016.Results: Results showed that 6.1% of mothers and 11.2% of fathers reported smoking at home. It was found that 4.5% of mothers and 8.3% of fathers reported smoking in the car. Results also showed that 5.4% of children were double exposed to secondhand smoke at home and in the car. Children whose parents were smokers and had a lower level of education were more exposed to secondhand smoke at home.Discussion: Children’s exposure to secondhand smoke has been decreasing in Portugal. Parental smoking and a low educational level were risk factors for children’s exposure to secondhand smoke at home.Conclusion: The main source of children’s exposure to secondhand smoke is parental smoking. As such, it is crucial to implement effective measures to control parental smoking. It is necessary to promote smoking cessation among parents and to ban smoking inside the car.

scholarly journals Support for Local Tobacco Policy in a Preemptive State

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3378
Author(s):  
Rebekah R Rhoades ◽  
Laura A Beebe ◽  
Nasir Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Never Smokers

Policy at the local level is a critical component of comprehensive tobacco control programs. This study examined the relationships of individual and social factors with support for tobacco-related public policy using cross-sectional data (n = 4461) from adults participating in a statewide survey. Weighted multivariate, multinomial logistic regression examined associations between individual and social factors and support for tobacco-free city properties and support for limiting the number of stores that sell tobacco near schools. Oklahomans were more likely to favor policies that create tobacco-free city properties than policies that limit the number of stores that sell tobacco near schools. While non-smokers were most likely to favor both policies, support for both policies was greater than 50% among current smokers. Knowledge of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure harm and female gender were predictors of support for both policies and among current, former, and never smokers. Rural-urban status was a predictor of support among former smokers and never smokers. Tobacco use among friends and family was only a predictor among never smokers’ support for limiting the sale of tobacco near schools. This study demonstrates that level of support differs by policy type, individual smoking status, as well as among subpopulations, and identifies critical elements in the theory of change for tobacco control programs.

scholarly journals Association between parents’ smoking status and tobacco exposure in school-age children: assessment using major urine biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hoon Jeong ◽  
Bich Na Jang ◽  
Soo Hyun Kang ◽  
Jae Hong Joo ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

AbstractChildren are at risk of exposure to secondhand smoke. We aimed to evaluate the extent of their exposure to it in relation to their parents’ smoking status by using biomarkers relevant to smoking. We evaluated 847 school-age children (6–12 years) who lived with their parents, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018. Secondhand smoke exposure in children of non-smoking and smoking parents was assessed by measuring urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and cotinine concentrations. Overall, the parents of 482 (55.1%) children smoked and those of 392 (44.9%) children did not smoke. After adjusting for covariates, significantly higher concentrations of NNAL (β = 0.482, standard error [S.E.] = 0.065, P < 0.001) and cotinine (β = 0.472, S.E. = 0.06, P < 0.001) were found in children of smoking parents than in children of non-smoking parents. Children of parents who smoked a higher number of cigarettes showed higher NNAL and cotinine concentrations than children of non-smoking parents. Children with both parents who smoked showed the highest NNAL and cotinine concentrations. Children of smoking parents are at a higher risk of exposure to secondhand smoke. A smoke-free environment must be maintained to protect children from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. Therefore, comprehensive national anti-smoking policies are required.

scholarly journals Association Between Parents’ Smoking Status and Tobacco Exposure in School-Age Children: Assessment Using Major Urine Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hoon Jeong ◽  
Bich Na Jang ◽  
Soo Hyun Kang ◽  
Jae Hong Joo ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract Children are at risk of exposure to secondhand smoke. We aimed to evaluate the extent of their exposure to it in relation to their parents’ smoking status by using biomarkers relevant to smoking. We evaluated 847 school-age children (6–12 years) who lived with their parents, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018. Secondhand smoke exposure in children of non-smoking and smoking parents was assessed by measuring urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and cotinine concentrations. Overall, the parents of 482 (55.1%) children smoked and those of 392 (44.9%) children did not smoke. After adjusting for covariates, significantly higher concentrations of NNAL (β=0.482, standard error [S.E.]=0.065, P<0.001) and cotinine (β=0.472, S.E.=0.06, P<0.001) were found in children of smoking parents than in children of non-smoking parents. Children of parents who smoked a higher number of cigarettes showed higher NNAL and cotinine concentrations than children of non-smoking parents. Children with both parents who smoked showed the highest NNAL and cotinine concentrations. Children of smoking parents are at a higher risk of exposure to secondhand smoke. A smoke-free environment must be maintained to protect children from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. Therefore, comprehensive national anti-smoking policies are required.

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