Child marriage and exposure to secondhand smoke among women of childbearing age: evidence from a nationally representative study in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Biplab Kumar Datta ◽  
Ashwini Tiwari ◽  
Jamani Garner
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

scholarly journals Prevalence of Portuguese Children Exposed to Secondhand Smoke at Home and in the Car

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
José Precioso ◽  
Vânia Rocha ◽  
Isabel Sousa ◽  
Ana Carolina Araújo ◽  
José Cunha Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parental Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Promote Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Children’S Exposure ◽  
At Home

Introduction: Children’s exposure to secondhand smoke is a cause of serious health problems and infant morbidity. This is the first nationally representative study conducted in Portugal to describe the prevalence of children exposed to secondhand smoke at home and in the car.Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 2396 Portuguese children aged 0 to 9 years old, stratified by age and administrative region NUTS II. Questionnaires were administered between January and September 2016.Results: Results showed that 6.1% of mothers and 11.2% of fathers reported smoking at home. It was found that 4.5% of mothers and 8.3% of fathers reported smoking in the car. Results also showed that 5.4% of children were double exposed to secondhand smoke at home and in the car. Children whose parents were smokers and had a lower level of education were more exposed to secondhand smoke at home.Discussion: Children’s exposure to secondhand smoke has been decreasing in Portugal. Parental smoking and a low educational level were risk factors for children’s exposure to secondhand smoke at home.Conclusion: The main source of children’s exposure to secondhand smoke is parental smoking. As such, it is crucial to implement effective measures to control parental smoking. It is necessary to promote smoking cessation among parents and to ban smoking inside the car.

Obesity risk in women of childbearing age in New Zealand: a nationally representative cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hobbs ◽  
Melanie Tomintz ◽  
John McCarthy ◽  
Lukas Marek ◽  
Clémence Vannier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative

scholarly journals Joint Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Secondhand Smoke Exposure on Hypertension in Non-smoking Women of Childbearing Age: NHANES 2007-2014

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Shen ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Guoju Li ◽  
Lisheng Ren ◽  
Zhenhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Secondhand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age

Abstract BackgroundVitamin D deficiency (VDD) may increase the risk for hypertension in women of childbearing age, and they may expose to secondhand smoke exposure (SHS) simultaneously. Till now, few studies have investigated the joint effects of VDD and SHS. We evaluated whether exposure to SHS modified the association between VDD and hypertension.MethodsData from 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) were analyzed. Our research subjects were 2802 nonsmoking and nonpregnant women of childbearing age (20-44 years old). Hypertension was defined based either on systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 80 mmHg or on now taking prescribed medicine for hypertension. The interactive effect of VDD and SHS on hypertension was evaluated by using logistic regression models, followed by strata-specific analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of VDD in the hypertension group was significantly higher than that in the non-hypertension group (48.2% vs 40.7%, P = 0.005), as well as the exposure rate of SHS (35.7% vs 30.5%, P = 0.017). VDD was positively associated with hypertension [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-2.08]. There was no association between secondhand smoke exposure and hypertension (aOR: 1.10, 95%CI: 0.85-1.43). However, when exposed to SHS and VDD simultaneously, the aOR estimation of the risk of hypertension increased to 1.83 (1.17, 2.87) with a significant interactive effect between SHS and VDD (Padjusted = 0.009). When stratified according to BMI and race, the interactive effect was about twice the effect of VDD on hypertension alone in women who were overweight (for VDD: aOR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.05-5.47; for interaction: aOR = 4.14, 95%CI: 1.48-11.58), and a similar pattern could also be observed in Non-Hispanic Black (for VDD: aOR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.11-6.73; for interaction: aOR = 4.60, 95%CI: 1.53-13.80).ConclusionThere exist synergistic effects of SHS and VDD on the prevalence of hypertension in American women of childbearing age, with more significant effects in overweight women and Non-Hispanic Black women. Further studies are warranted to verify in other populations, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the joint effect of SHS and VDD need to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Joint effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and secondhand smoke exposure on hypertension in non-smoking women of childbearing age: NHANES 2007-2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Shen ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Guoju Li ◽  
Lisheng Ren ◽  
Zhenhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) may increase the risk of hypertension in women of childbearing age, who may be exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) simultaneously. Till now, few studies have investigated the joint effects of VDD and SHS on hypertension in this population. We evaluated whether exposure to SHS modified the association between VDD and hypertension. Methods Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2007-2014 were analyzed. Our research subjects were 2826 nonsmoking and nonpregnant women of childbearing age (20-44 years old). Hypertension was defined based either on systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 80 mmHg or on now taking prescribed medicine for hypertension. The directed acyclic graphs (DAG) and the back-door criterion were used to select a minimal sufficient adjustment set of variables (MSAs) that would identify the unconfounded effect of 25(OH)D and hypertension. The interactive effect of VDD and SHS on hypertension was evaluated by using logistic regression models, followed by strata-specific analyses. Results The prevalence of VDD in the hypertension group was significantly higher than that in the non-hypertension group (48.2% vs 41.0%, P = 0.008), as well as the exposure rate of SHS (39.1% vs 33.8%, P = 0.017). VDD was independently associated with nearly 50% increased risk of hypertension [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 2.04], while no significant association was observed between SHS and hypertension. However, SHS showed a significant synergistic effect on VDD with a higher aOR of 1.79 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.80) (Pinteraction = 0.011). This synergistic effect was more obvious when stratified by BMI (in overweight women, aOR, 95% CI =4.74, 1.65-13.60 for interaction vs 2.33, 1.01-5.38 for VDD only) and race (in Non-Hispanic Black women, aOR, 95% CI =5.11, 1.58-16.54 for interaction vs 2.69, 1.10-6.62 for VDD only). Conclusion There exist synergistic effects of SHS and VDD on the prevalence of hypertension in American women of childbearing age, with more significant effects in women who were overweight or Non-Hispanic Black. Further studies are warranted to verify this finding in other populations, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the joint effect of SHS and VDD need to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Voluntary Smoke-Free Home Rules and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in Poland: A National Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7502
Author(s):  
Mateusz Jankowski ◽  
Jarosław Pinkas ◽  
Wojciech S. Zgliczyński ◽  
Dorota Kaleta ◽  
Waldemar Wierzba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Private Homes ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Smoke-free policies have been shown to significantly reduce secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in private and public places. The objectives of this study were to: (1) to assess the prevalence and characteristics of voluntary smoke-free home rules in Poland; and (2) assess the association of smoke-free rules with self-reported SHS exposure in private homes. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in September 2019 with a nationally representative sample of 1011 individuals aged 15 and over. Nationally, 66.1% of individuals had a 100% smoke-free home rule (78.9% of non-smokers and 18.6% of smokers; p < 0.001), while a further 24.6% had adopted a partial home smoking rule. SHS exposure in the home during past month was reported by 6.1% of respondents (11.5% of smokers and 4.5% of non-smokers; p < 0.001). The lowest level of SHS exposure (1.8%) was observed among respondents who had implemented a full smoke-free home rule. Non-smokers had higher odds of having adopted a total smoke-free home rule compared with smokers (aOR: 19.17; 95% CI: 12.89–28.50). Moreover, non-smokers had lower odds (aOR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.20–0.61; p < 0.001) of self-reporting SHS smoke exposure at home. Although two-thirds of the Polish population have adopted a full smoke-free home rule in their homes, smokers continue to lag in adoption rates relative to non-smokers.

scholarly journals Factors Related to Adolescent Smoking: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 1267-1272
Author(s):  
Charin Suwanwong ◽  
Romtawan Kalapat ◽  
Siriwan Pitayarangsarit ◽  
Surasak Chaiyasong
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Occasional Smoking ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Objective: This study aimed to explore the individual, familial, and social factors associated with different smoking status in Thai adolescents from the 2017 Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Drinking Behavior Survey (CSAD) Methods: The nationally representative sample of 6046 adolescents aged 15-19 years who took part in the 2017 CSAD in Thailand. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the associations between the individual, familial, and social factors and different smoking status.   Results: The daily smoking and occasional smoking was 6.4% and 3.3%, respectively. Gender, alcohol use, substance use, attitudes toward smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke at home, anti-smoking social media campaign, and graphic warning labels were related to both daily and occasional smoking. Daily smoking was associated with exposure to secondhand smoke at school, restaurant, and public transport, and exposure to tobacco advertising. Conclusion: These findings suggest that smoking prevention intervention should particularly focus on these factors and also need to develop the anti-smoking policies for smoking prevention among adolescents.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in France in 2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 1471-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ANTONA ◽  
A. LEPOUTRE ◽  
L. FONTENEAU ◽  
C. BAUDON ◽  
F. HALFTERMEYER-ZHOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Western Country ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Congenital Cmv

SUMMARYCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains the leading cause of congenital virus infection in developed countries. Measuring the national prevalence of this infection, especially among women of childbearing age, is of great value to estimate the risk of congenital CMV infection, as well as to identify risk groups that should be targeted for behavioural interventions and/or vaccination once a CMV vaccine finally becomes available. In order to fulfil these objectives, a seroprevalence survey was conducted in 2010, using a nationally representative, population-based sample of 2536 people aged between 15 and 49 years, living in metropolitan France and attending private microbiological laboratories for blood testing. All blood samples were analysed in the same laboratory and screened for CMV-specific IgG using an enzyme-linked immunoassay technique (Elisa PKS Medac Enzyme immunoassay). The overall point estimate of CMV infection seroprevalence for individuals aged 15–49 years was 41.9%. The estimates were higher in women than in men (respectively 45.6% and 39.3%), and people born in a non-Western country were more likely to be CMV seropositive than those born in France or in another Western country (93.7% vs. 37.7%). Our results showed that a substantial percentage of women of childbearing age in France are CMV seronegative and therefore at risk of primary CMV infection during pregnancy. Educational measures and future vaccine are key issues to prevent infection in pregnant women and congenital CMV disease.

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