scholarly journals Effects of clear-cutting and wildfires on succession of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages on the east slopes of the Rocky Mountains

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Del Bel Belluz ◽  
David Langor ◽  
Jari Niemelä ◽  
John Spence
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

We studied how carabid beetle assemblages in lodgepole pine stands have responded after clear-cut harvest and wildfires on an actively managed landscape ~20 km south of Hinton, Alberta, Canada. The work builds on and expands a previous study (Niemela et al. 1993) conducted 23-24 years earlier in many of the same stands sampled in the current study. Carabid species assemblages are compared along a chronosequence of stands ranging in age from 12 to 53 years after clear-cutting. Recovery of carabid assemblages toward pre-harvest structure in regenerating stands, as reflected in the 2013-14 data, appears to have progressed more rapidly than in equivalently aged stands from the earlier study. In addition, carabid species assemblages differed significantly between clear-cut and burned stands of comparable age in 2013-14, with assemblages of burned stands being more similar to the pre-harvest structure than in clear-cut stands. Ground vegetation, mineral soil cover and basal area of trees and shrubs were significantly correlated with structure of carabid species assemblages in young and old regenerating stands, suggesting that environmental and plant successional gradients drive patterns in carabid assemblages. However, assemblage differences between older burned and clear-cut stands indicate that the type of disturbance influences long-term carabid recovery. Relationships between these findings and issues related to conservation of biodiversity and climate change are discussed.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic transformation of ground beetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Bialowieza Forest, Poland: from primeval forests to managed woodlands of various ages

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Skłodowski
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Białowieża Forest ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hygrophilous Species

The interference of man in the primeval forest of Bialowieza (e. g. clear-cutting and reforesting fertile habitats with pine or spruce) brings about changes in carabid assemblages, including a reduction in the proportion of individuals of relict species, reduction in the mean individual biomass (MIB) and in the sum of positive characteristics (SPC; a summary indicator). Human impact in forest ecosystems causes losses of some relict species and a gain of ubiquitous species. I com— pared the carabid faunas of pristine forests to those of various stages of clear-cut originated succession. Clear-cutting caused a drastic decrease in MIB, a reduction in the proportion of brachypterous species, and an increase in both the number of hygrophilous species and their proportion in the assemblage.

Long-term effects of clear-cutting on epigaeic beetle assemblages in boreal forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 359 ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Johansson ◽  
Joakim Hjältén ◽  
Jörgen Olsson ◽  
Mats Dynesius ◽  
Jean-Michel Roberge
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Beetle Assemblages

Spider assemblage structure and functional diversity patterns in clear-cut, logged, and undisturbed areas in a large Atlantic Forest remnant

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 608-614
Author(s):  
Ronei Baldissera ◽  
Suiane Oliveira de Quadros ◽  
Gabriela Galeti ◽  
Everton Nei Lopes Rodrigues ◽  
Luan M.V. Lazzarotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Forest Remnant

Habitat loss is one of the main consequences of landscape transformation by humans. Monitoring biodiversity changes in areas under different management strategies is fundamental for species conservation. Our study is the first to assess the role of forest disturbance history on spider (Araneae) biodiversity in the westernmost portion of the Atlantic Forest. We analyzed taxonomic and functional aspects of spider assemblages in understories in a large forest fragment in southwestern Brazil. Spiders were sampled in five 30 m × 5 m plots over three seasons in three areas with different management histories: clear-cutting, selective logging, or native plots. We also characterized tree basal area, tree density, and canopy openness. The clear-cut plots showed more canopy openness and low habitat heterogeneity due to the high density of one pioneer native tree species. Forest structure in selective logging and native plots was similar. Spider richness, abundance, and functional richness were affected only by the season. Species composition also differed among the areas depending on the season. The abundance of web-building species was mainly associated with clear-cut areas in winter and spring. These results highlight the importance of natural regeneration in the Atlantic Forest after disturbance for the conservation of regional spider biodiversity.

Changes in bacterial populations in a clear-cut beech forest soil planted with spruce

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu Kauri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Multipoint Method

A beech forest after clear-cutting was replanted with spruce. To study how this perturbation affected soil bacteria and their physiological capabilities, an investigation was undertaken 4 years after the change of forest type. Compared with an earlier study in the beech forest, from 1972 to 1975, conducted immediately before clear-cutting, bacterial numbers in the young spruce plantation had increased; an exception was the upper layer (A00), where the numbers decreased. The population densities of bacteria decomposing xylan, pectin, starch, cellulose, and chitin were estimated by a direct multipoint method. The numbers of bacteria in all the physiological groups studied were higher in 1979–1980, with the same exception as before (A00). The greatest changes occurred in the upper horizons. There were considerable changes in the soil environment after the former beech litter fall ceased; the forest floor became more exposed, and the ground vegetation changed. Changes took place in soil properties, such as organic matter and pH. A slight increase in pH was observed in all horizons except in A00, and organic matter increased in two of the horizons (A01/A1; A1).

Effects of clear-cutting on the vegetation and soil of an eastern hemlock dominated ecosystem, western Upper Michigan

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Hix ◽  
Burton V. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Recreation Area

The effects of clear-cutting on the vegetation and soil of an ecosystem dominated by eastern hemlock (Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carr.) were studied at four locations along the boundaries of the Sylvania Recreation Area (Ottawa National Forest) in western Upper Michigan, U.S.A. The position of commercially clear-cut areas along the boundaries of the relatively undisturbed 8500-ha tract provided the opportunity to examine the probable effects of clear-cutting after an average of 46 years afterward. Clear-cutting resulted in the virtual elimination of hemlock from the overstory; it was replaced by a mixed forest of red maple (Acerrubrum L.), yellow birch (Betulaalleghaniensis Britt.), sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.), and balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea L.). The ecological species groups characteristic of the ground cover of the uncut plots were not substantially different from the groups now present on the clear-cut plots. The thickness, mass, and nutrient (K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) contents of the forest floor decreased significantly, and the acidity and nutrient contents of the upper mineral soil increased slightly. The replacement of hemlock by hardwoods has slowly decreased the acidity and apparently increased the rate of nutrient cycling. It appears that without major disturbance, such as fire, hemlock is not likely to regain dominance following clear-cutting owing to failure to regenerate naturally.

scholarly journals Comparison of the planting success and risks of pine weevil damage on mineral soil and drained peatland sites three years after planting

Silva Fennica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaana Luoranen ◽  
Heli Viiri
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Harmful Effects

Over 20% of regeneration operations will be on drained peatland in the next decade in Finland. There are only a few studies comparing the planting success and the risk of pine weevil ( (L.) feeding damage on mineral soil and drained peatland. Thirty sites planted with Norway spruce ( (L.) H. Karst.) container seedlings in 2009 in Southern and Central Finland were inventoried three growing seasons after planting. Prediction models for the probability of survival, pine weevil damage and the presence of ground vegetation cover were done separately for peatland and mineral soil sites. The planting success was 17% lower on peatland sites (1379 surviving seedlings ha) than on mineral soil (1654 seedlings ha). The factors explaining the survival were the ground vegetation cover and type of the planting spot on the peatland, and the ground vegetation cover on mineral soil. On mineral soil, 76% of the planting spots were on cultivated mineral soil while on peatland only 28% of the seedlings were planted on similar spots. There were also fewer seedlings that were surrounded by dense ground vegetation on mineral soil (4%) than on peatland (14%). Pine weevil feeding damage did not differ significantly on peatland (23%) or mineral soil (18%). The more time there was from clear-cutting, the more the probability of pine weevil feeding damage was reduced on both soil classes. Additionally, cover vegetation in the vicinity of the seedlings increased on mineral soil. Cultivated planting spots, especially those covered by mineral soil, prevented pine weevil feeding and reduced the harmful effects of vegetation on the seedlings both on mineral soil and peatland.Hylobius abetisPicea abies–1–1

scholarly journals Water and nitrogen processes along a typical water flowpath and streamwater exports from a forested catchment and changes after clear-cutting: a modelling study

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Laurén ◽  
L. Finér ◽  
H. Koivusalo ◽  
T. Kokkonen ◽  
T. Karvonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Spring Flood ◽  
Total N ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Eastern Finland

Abstract. A two dimensional model, FEMMA, to describe water and nitrogen (N) fluxes within and from a forested first-order catchment (Kangasvaara in Eastern Finland) was constructed by linking the most significant processes affecting the fluxes of water, ammonium, nitrate and dissolved organic nitrogen along a hillslope from the water divide to the stream. The hillslope represents the average flowpath of water in the catchment and the model was used to estimate the N fluxes for a catchment in eastern Finland before and after clear-cutting. The simulated results were in reasonable agreement with the nitrate, dissolved organic N and dissolved total N measurements from the study catchment and with other results in the literature. According to the simulations, the major sinks of N after clear-cutting were immobilisation by soil microbes, uptake by ground vegetation and sorption to soil. These sinks increased downslope from the clear-cut area, indicating the importance of an uncut buffer zone between the stream and the clear-cut area in reducing N exports. The buffer zone retained 76% of the N flux coming from the clear-cut area. Nitrification was a key process in controlling the N export after clear-cutting and N increases were mainly as nitrate. Most of the annual N export took place during the spring flood, when uptake of N by plants was minimal.

Structure of mixed pine and hardwood stands 12 years after various methods and intensities of site preparation in the Georgia Piedmont

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1490-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy B. Harrington ◽  
M. Boyd Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Georgia Piedmont ◽  
Compensatory Effect

In the Georgia Piedmont (U.S.A.), size, abundance, and species diversity of trees were quantified in a plantation of Pinustaeda L. 12 years after various methods and intensities of site preparation. In clear-cut only versus site-prepared plots, greater hardwood abundance (27% vs. 8% of the total basal area) and size (8.6 vs. 7.4 m in height) were associated with reduced pine volume (73 vs. 123 m3/ha) and increased Simpson and Shannon diversity indices. Tree-species richness was greater in plots where residual trees from clear-cutting had been removed with a chainsaw versus large machinery (10 vs. 7 species). With increasing site-preparation intensity, reductions in basal area of volunteer pines coincided with proportionate increases (R2 = 0.80) in basal area of planted pines. As a result of this compensatory effect, total volume of all pines varied little (122–134 m3/ha) among site-preparation intensities. Research results suggest that site-preparation treatments can be selected to facilitate the development of a variety of stand structures, including those that favor evenness (clear-cut only) or richness (manual cutting) of tree species, low-cost production of pine fiber (manual cutting), and stand uniformity for management of pine sawtimber (mechanical and herbicide).

Experimental manipulation of habitat structures in intensively managed spruce plantations to increase their value for biodiversity conservation

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (02) ◽  
pp. 161-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Evan Dracup ◽  
Franck Gandiaga ◽  
Sean R. Haughian ◽  
Allison MacKay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Biomass Removal ◽  
Intensively Managed

Six intensively managed white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) plantations located in three general landscape contexts (plantation dominated, hardwood dominated, and mixed hardwood and plantation) in northern New Brunswick underwent alternative commercial thinning (CT) treatments: 1) an unthinned control; and three 40% basal area CT removals, with 2) slash and tops remaining on site (status quo CT), 3) branches and tops extracted from the site (biomass removal CT), and 4) clumps of unthinned trees left, and one-half girdled to create snags (enhanced structure CT). We examined responses of taxa that have a clear connection to deadwood and thinning response: beetles and bird species that are directly dependent upon deadwood, ground vegetation species sensitive to disturbance, and small mammals that have been observed to have low density in planted stands. Results three years post-thinning showed that crown width and tree growth responded positively to CT, and herbaceous vegetation diverged from reference stands and unthinned treatments with CT, but greatest compositional change was associated with biomass removal CT. Beetles responded positively to CT, small mammal species responded both positively (red-backed voles) and negatively (woodland jumping mice) to CT, but areas dominated by plantations had negative effects on voles. Effects of CT on songbirds were unclear and their quantification would require larger treated blocks, but maintenance of habitat at the landscape level is essential for the conservation of bird species that require deadwood. The experimental biomass removal CT was least similar to both unthinned and older unmanaged stands, and may therefore be detrimental to biodiversity conservation efforts. These results are only the initial three years after treatment but set the study up to permit a long-term legacy of determining long-term responses of taxa over stand development.

Phosphorus forms and related soil chemistry of Podzolic soils on northern Vancouver Island. II. The effects of clear-cutting and burning

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1726-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J Cade-Menun ◽  
Shannon M Berch ◽  
Caroline M Preston ◽  
L M Lavkulich
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Available P ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Slash Burning

When cedar-hemlock (CH) forests of northern Vancouver Island are clear-cut and replanted, growth of replanted trees is often poor. This growth check can be overcome with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization, suggesting that it may be because of deficiencies of these elements. A widely used site-preparation tool in these forests is slash burning. Because fire is known to alter nutrient cycling in forests, this burning may be contributing to the problem of poor seedling growth. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare P in forest floor and soils from clear-cut CH stands 10 years, 5 years, and immediately after burning to P concentrations and forms in undisturbed old growth CH stands. Analytical methods included extraction and digestion procedures, fractionation and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Soon after burning, an "ashbed effect" was noted, with increased pH and higher concentrations of available P in surface soil horizons. Available P concentrations and pH returned to preburn levels within 10 years. However, destruction of organic matter appeared to disrupt illuviation processes throughout the soil profile, producing long-term changes in organic matter, organic P, and organically complexed Fe and Al in lower mineral horizons. Total P concentrations were unchanged, but there was a shift from organic to inorganic P forms and changes in P forms with time at depth in the profile. These changes in P distribution and movement in the soil may contribute to the growth check observed in these forests.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document