scholarly journals Dual function of Potentilla (Rosaceae) in the life history of the rare boreoalpine osmiine bee Hoplitis (Formicapis) robusta (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Müller ◽  
Henning Richter
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Nest Site Selection ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Subalpine Zone ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Subalpine Spruce Forest ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cerambycid Beetles

Hoplitisrobusta (Nylander) is a rare and poorly known osmiine bee species occurring in the subalpine zone of the Alps. The discovery of two nests of H.robusta in a thin branch of a dead fallen spruce on a sunny clearing of a subalpine spruce forest allowed the investigation of the nest architecture, the analysis of the larval diet and the assessment of the nest building material. X-raying, computed tomography and subsequent dissection of the nest branch revealed that the nests were built in L-shaped pupation tunnels of cerambycid beetles, which were probably cleaned from wood debris by the female bees with the aid of their large and powerful mandibles after nest site selection. The two nests contained five and six linearly arranged brood cells separated from each other by thin partitions built from masticated green leaves (“leaf pulp”). They were sealed at their opening by a thick plug consisting of several successive layers of leaf pulp constructed immediately behind each other. Microscopical analysis of the larval provisions of eight brood cells and of 41 pollen loads of females from museum and private collections showed that H.robusta exhibits a strong preference for the pollen of Potentilla (Rosaceae). Based on field observations, DNA metabarcoding of one nest plug and stereomicroscopic analysis of the leaf pulp matrix, Potentilla was also identified as an important source for the leaf pulp needed for nest construction, rendering H.robusta one of the few bee species known to collect floral resources and nest building material from the very same plant.

The Development of Green Building Materials Trend in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 1070-1073
Author(s):  
Bao Zhu Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Green Building Materials ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Tendency

Building material is the base of civil engineering construction, in the history of thousands of years of development, building materials also gradually change and change, and is closely related to the progress of human civilization and the development of science and technology.Green building materials has the vital significance to the construction of a conservation-oriented society and sustainable development, in accordance with China's social development.This paper introduces the importance of the development of green building materials,analyzes some factors influencing the development of green building materials in China,and discusses the development tendency of green building materials in China.

Presence of the cerambycid beetles Psacothea hilaris and Monochamus alternatus affecting the life cycle strategy of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noritoshi Maehara ◽  
Kazuyoshi Futai
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Life Cycle Strategy ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cerambycid Beetles

AbstractAlthough fourth-stage dispersal juveniles (JIV) of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pinewood nematode (PWN), developed in the presence of both Monochamus alternatus and Psacothea hilaris, the numbers and the percentage of JIV were far higher in the presence of the former than of the latter. JIV first appeared 7 days after pupation of M. alternatus and the number increased from the day of beetle eclosion to the third day thereafter, then remained stable. We conclude that the presence of specific vectors affects both the life history of the PWN and the numbers of nematodes carried by vectors emerging from killed pine trees.

scholarly journals Unique nesting biology of Osmia ( Melanosmia) uncinata, a Palaearctic osmiine bee specialized on thick-barked conifers (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Andreas Müller ◽  
Rainer Prosi ◽  
Stewart Taylor ◽  
Henning Richter ◽  
Mike Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Brood Parasites ◽  
Subalpine Zone ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Nesting Substrate ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time

Osmia (Melanosmia) uncinata Gerstäcker is a Palaearctic megachilid bee distributed from temperate and northern Europe eastwards to the Russian Far East. The discovery of over 80 nests in Switzerland, southern Germany and Scotland enabled for the first time a closer investigation of its nesting biology and prompted the assessment of the species’ phenology, distribution and habitat. O. uncinata nested in self-excavated burrows inside the bark of both living trunks and dead stumps of Pinus sylvestris. The nests were excavated at a height of 10–220 cm above ground either on the underside of prominences of longitudinal bark ribs or inside beetle borings and extended more or less vertically upwards. They consisted of a single straight to slightly curved burrow with rarely one to three side burrows, had a total length of 1.2–12.0 cm and contained 1–6 brood cells. The brood cells, which faced downwards with the larval provisions being located in the upper cell half, were separated from each other by one-layered walls of chewed leaves (“leaf pulp”). The nests were sealed with a plug of 2–4 closely adjacent walls of leaf pulp. DNA metabarcoding of cell and plug walls revealed that Potentilla and Fragaria (Rosaceae) served as leaf pulp sources. Pre-imaginal mortality amounted to 77%, partly caused by brood parasites such as Sapyga similis (Sapygidae) and Cacoxenus indagator (Drosophilidae) or predators such as snakeflies (Raphidioptera). At low elevations, O. uncinata needs one year for its development and overwinters as imago inside the nest, whereas in the subalpine zone of the Alps it has a two-year cycle passing the first winter as prepupa and the second winter as imago. O. uncinata starts to emerge between the end of March at low elevations and the end of May at higher elevations qualifying as an early flying bee like the other European O. (Melanosmia) species. The distribution of O. uncinata in Central Europe and Scotland largely coincides with the occurrence of P. sylvestris. As in the pine, it extends over a wide altitudinal range from below 100 m up to 1900 m a.s.l. and encompasses dry and wet as well as warm and cold habitats including open pine forests, inner and outer forest edges dominated by pine and isolated pine groups. At a few locations in the subalpine zone of the Alps, O. uncinata occurs in the absence of P. sylvestris; here, the thick bark of Larix decidua serves as a substitute nesting substrate.

scholarly journals Physical cognition: birds learn the structural efficacy of nest material

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1784) ◽  
pp. 20133225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida E. Bailey ◽  
Kate V. Morgan ◽  
Marion Bertin ◽  
Simone L. Meddle ◽  
Susan D. Healy
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Taeniopygia Guttata ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Nest Material ◽  
Physical Cognition ◽  
String Type ◽  
Short Period

It is generally assumed that birds’ choice of structurally suitable materials for nest building is genetically predetermined. Here, we tested that assumption by investigating whether experience affected male zebra finches’ ( Taeniopygia guttata ) choice of nest material. After a short period of building with relatively flexible string, birds preferred to build with stiffer string while those that had experienced a stiffer string were indifferent to string type. After building a complete nest with either string type, however, all birds increased their preference for stiff string. The stiffer string appeared to be the more effective building material as birds required fewer pieces of stiffer than flexible string to build a roofed nest. For birds that raised chicks successfully, there was no association between the material they used to build their nest and the type they subsequently preferred. Birds’ material preference reflected neither the preference of their father nor of their siblings but juvenile experience of either string type increased their preference for stiffer string. Our results represent two important advances: (i) birds choose nest material based on the structural properties of the material; (ii) nest material preference is not entirely genetically predetermined as both the type and amount of experience influences birds’ choices.

GENETIC HISTORY OF TWO WELL-DRAINED SUBALPINE SOILS FORMED ON COMPLEX PARENT MATERIALS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL SINGER ◽  
F. C. UGOLINI
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Genetic History ◽  
Subalpine Zone ◽  
History Of ◽  
Washington Cascades

Two well-drained soils formed in the subalpine zone of the Washington Cascades from the same complex parent material and environment exhibit contrasting morphologies due to the vegetation. One of the soils, presently unforested, exhibits in its morphology the influence of three ash falls and a complex vegetational history. The horizon sequence and properties fit the Lithic Regosol criteria of the Canadian classification system. The second soil, formed on the same parent materials but under forest vegetation, exhibits properties of an orthic Ferro-Humic Podzol. These pedons exemplify the complex nature of soils whose classification has previously been oversimplified as steep, rocky soils or lithosols.

scholarly journals Australian settler bush huts and Indigenous bark-strippers: Origins and influences

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ray Kerkhove ◽  
Cathy Keys
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
Salient Features

AbstractThis article considers the history of the Australian bush hut and its common building material: bark sheeting. It compares this with traditional Aboriginal bark sheeting and cladding, and considers the role of Aboriginal ‘bark strippers’ and Aboriginal builders in establishing salient features of the bush hut. The main focus is the Queensland region up to the 1870s.

scholarly journals Prevalence of ectoparasites of the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) in the town of Dschang, West Region, Cameroon

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
D.B. Kenko Nkontcheu ◽  
N. Ngameni Tchamadeu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Barn Swallow ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
West Region ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Town

To estimate the prevalence of ectoparasites of the barn swallow (<em>H. rustica</em>) in Dschang and to see if this bird can be a risk to public health, an investigation was carried out in three sites. An analysis of 51 swallows showed that 35.29% of these birds carry at least one species of ectoparasite. Four species were identified, with the following prevalence: 31.37% (<em>Eomenacanthus stramineus</em>), 5.88% (<em>Goniocotes gallinae</em>), 3.92% (<em>Menacanthus cornutus</em>) and 3.92% (<em>Menopon gallinae</em>). The only significant difference in prevalence between sites was observed with <em>E. stramineus</em> and <em>G. gallinae</em>. Sex did not influence the prevalence of ectoparasites. Swallows of low weight were the most infested. The diversity of nest building material is an indicator of the exploration of several types of media for nest building. Diversity and equitability indexes were 1.05 and 0.53, respectively. A survey carried out using questionnaires showed that swallows are consumed by 30% of the respondents and are used in traditional medicines. These interactions can pose risks to the human population, although we did not find any zoonotic species.

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