scholarly journals If Wikipedia is the Gateway to Biodiversity Knowledge, How do we Open the Gate?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Biodiversity Knowledge ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Primary Literature ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Bioinformatics Community

Wikipedia may have become the world’s principal source of information, but it is not a reliable source. Wikipedia itself is quite explicit on this point. The Wikipedia article entitled Wikipedia is not a reliable source clearly states that, because Wikipedia can be edited by anyone, at any time, “any information it contains at any particular time could be vandalism, a work in progress, or just plain wrong” (Wikipedia 2019a). Despite this, Wikipedia continues to gain status as a trusted authority on, well, everything. It does not, however, have authority on its own; it has authority because it links to authoritative sources. Wikipedia’s Verifiability policy (Wikipedia 2019b) states that: all material in its articles should be “attributable to reliable and published sources”; and all quotations and any material likely to be challenged “must be supported by inline citations”. all material in its articles should be “attributable to reliable and published sources”; and all quotations and any material likely to be challenged “must be supported by inline citations”. This does not mean that Wikipedia is always right; rather (according to the Wikipedia article Wikipedia is wrong) that “the threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth” (Wikipedia 2019c). What this does mean is that Wikipedia is riddled with citations to the primary literature. Thus, articles about the world’s species reference taxonomic descriptions (and subsequent revisions), as well as scientific papers about physiology, evolution, behaviour, ecology, conservation, etc. In order “to facilitate the verification of sourced statements”, Wikipedia’s Scientific Citation Guidelines encourage editors to, wherever possible, include links to scientific articles in the form of DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) (Wikipedia 2019d). A DOI is a unique, permanent and persistent identifier that is assigned to a fixed piece of online content (usually) at the time of its publication. The DOI system creates a reciprocal linked network of scholarly publications that allows researchers to click from article to article in a never-ending trail of knowledge (whether those articles are in scientific journals or on Wikipedia). This linked network functions seamlessly for modern scientific publications, because DOIs have been almost universally adopted by scientific publishers. But issues arise when it comes to linking to historic publications. Historic literature is the foundation upon which our understanding of biodiversity is based. If Wikipedia is the world’s gateway to that literature, Wikipedia editors must be able to find it and link to it. This presentation will discuss the complexities involved in linking from Wikipedia to the legacy scientific literature, particularly the availability of that literature online, the difference between easy and open access, and what the bioinformatics community can do to help.

Responsibilities, Opportunities, and Challenges for Human Factors in the Digital Age

2022 ◽  
pp. 001872082110704
Author(s):  
Robert G. Radwin
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Good Judgment ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Scientific Standards

Today’s challenges for scientific publications require operating at a time when trust in science depends upon effective vetting of data, identifying questionable practices, and scrutinizing research. The Editor-in-Chief has an invaluable opportunity to influence the direction and reputation of our field but also has the responsibility to confront contemporary trends that threaten the publication of quality research. The editor is responsible for maintaining strict scientific standards for the journal through the exercise of good judgment and steadfast commitment to upholding the highest ethical principles. Opportunities exist to create and implement new initiatives for improving the peer review process and elevating the journal’s stature. The journal must address the challenges as well as effectively communicate with the public, who seek a reliable source of information.

scholarly journals Semi-automatic Extraction of Plants Morphological Characters from Taxonomic Descriptions Written in Spanish

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e21282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mora ◽  
José Araya
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Ontology Term ◽  
Biodiversity Knowledge ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Plant Ontology ◽  
Structured Information

Taxonomic literature keeps records of the planet's biodiversity and gives access to the knowledge needed for its sustainable management. Unfortunately, most of the taxonomic information is available in scientific publications in text format. The amount of publications generated is very large; therefore, to process it in order to obtain high structured texts would be complex and very expensive. Approaches like citizen science may help the process by selecting whole fragments of texts dealing with morphological descriptions; but a deeper analysis, compatible with accepted ontologies, will require specialised tools. The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) estimates that there are more than 120 million pages published in over 5.4 million books since 1469, plus about 800,000 monographs and 40,000 journal titles (12,500 of these are current titles).It is necessary to develop standards and software tools to extract, integrate and publish this information into existing free and open access repositories of biodiversity knowledge to support science, education and biodiversity conservation.This document presents an algorithm based on computational linguistics techniques to extract structured information from morphological descriptions of plants written in Spanish. The developed algorithm is based on the work of Dr. Hong Cui from the University of Arizona; it uses semantic analysis, ontologies and a repository of knowledge acquired from the same descriptions. The algorithm was applied to the books Trees of Costa Rica Volume III (TCRv3), Trees of Costa Rica Volume IV (TCRv4) and to a subset of descriptions of the Manual of Plants of Costa Rica (MPCR) with very competitive results (more than 92.5% of average performance). The system receives the morphological descriptions in tabular format and generates XML documents. The XML schema allows documenting structures, characters and relations between characters and structures. Each extracted object is associated with attributes like name, value, modifiers, restrictions, ontology term id, amongst other attributes.The implemented tool is free software. It was developed using Java and integrates existing technology as FreeLing, the Plant Ontology (PO), the Plant Glossary, the Ontology Term Organizer (OTO) and the Flora Mesoamericana English-Spanish Glossary.

scholarly journals Social Media and Tourism Industry: A Comparative Analysis of Effects of Facebook Pages of Tour Companies of Lahore on Tourism Promotion

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 192-208
Author(s):  
Zowaina Azhar ◽  
Abdul Rehman Qaisar ◽  
Misha Akash
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Facebook Pages ◽  
Source Of Information

The study attempts to assess the difference in the effect of social media content of tour companies of Lahore on promoting tourism. The study used a comparative research design in order to compare the effects of social media content, in particular Facebook. A detailed literature review was presented, and data was collected from the tourists who have used the Facebook pages of selected tour companies and used their services through a well-developed questionnaire, using purposive sampling, followed by convenience sampling. To conduct the study, a sample size of 320 respondents was chosen to get accurate findings. The findings of the study revealed that all four tour companies of Lahore equally promoted tourism through their Facebook pages. The Facebook pages are a reliable source of information that are trending and being used extensively by people. This showed that using such pages are ultimately contributing to the success and promotion of tourism in Pakistan.

scholarly journals K3S: Knowledge-Driven Solution Support System

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 9873-9874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Morteza Saberi ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Elizabeth Chang
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Knowledge Map ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Knowledge Maps ◽  
Knowledge Repositories ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
The Subject

As the volume of scientific papers grows rapidly in size, knowledge management for scientific publications is greatly needed. Information extraction and knowledge fusion techniques have been proposed to obtain information from scholarly publications and build knowledge repositories. However, retrieving the knowledge of problem/solution from academic papers to support users on solving specific research problems is rarely seen in the state of the art. Therefore, to remedy this gap, a knowledge-driven solution support system (K3S) is proposed in this paper to extract the information of research problems and proposed solutions from academic papers, and integrate them into knowledge maps. With the bibliometric information of the papers, K3S is capable of providing recommended solutions for any extracted problems. The subject of intrusion detection is chosen for demonstration in which required information is extracted with high accuracy, a knowledge map is constructed properly, and solutions to address intrusion problems are recommended.

Selection by Publication in Economics

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Simonovits
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Publication Process ◽  
Entry Costs ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Source Of Information

According to the dominant view, the quality of individual scientific papers can be evaluated by the standard of the journal in which they are published. This paper attempts to demonstrate the limits of this view in the field of economics. According to our main findings, a publication frequently serves as a signal of high professional standards rather than as a source of information; referees and editors frequently reject good papers and accept bad ones; citation indices only partially balance the distortions deriving from the selection process; there are essential “entry costs” to the publication process. Moreover, financial interests of publishers may contradict scientific interests. As long as leading economists do not give voice to their dissatisfaction, there is no hope for any reform of the selection process.

Prawne regulacje pobierania i transplantacji narządów oraz tkanek w ujęciu europejskiej konwencji bioetycznej

2016 ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Patryk Kołodyński ◽  
Paulina Drab
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additional Protocol ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
International Legal Order ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Source Of Information

Over the past several years, transplantology has become one of the fastest developing areas of medicine. The reason is, first and foremost, a significant improvement of the results of successful transplants. However, much controversy arouse among the public, on both medical and ethical grounds. The article presents the most important concepts and regulations relating to the collection and transplantation of organs and tissues in the context of the European Convention on Bioethics. It analyses the convention and its additional protocol. The article provides the definition of transplantation and distinguishes its types, taking into account the medical criteria for organ transplants. Moreover, authors explained the issue of organ donation ex vivo and ex mortuo. The European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine clearly regulates the legal aspects concerning the transplantation and related basic concepts, and therefore provides a reliable source of information about organ transplantation and tissue. This act is a part of the international legal order, which includes the established codification of bioethical standards.

Multiple object positions and how to diagnose them

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieven Danckaert
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Multiple Object ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Extended Projection ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
Source Of Information

This chapter addresses the question of which syntactic environment constitutes the most reliable source of information on variable object placement in Latin. The relevance of this question is illustrated by showing that very different results are obtained when one compares the rate of VO in two different syntactic contexts, namely clauses with a single synthetic verb and clauses with a modal verb and a dependent infinitive. It is argued that the OV/VO alternation is best studied to clauses with more than one verb, as in such clauses, more object positions can be unambiguously identified. The final part of the chapter is devoted to the phrase structure analysis of clauses with the modals possum ‘be able’ and debeo ‘have to’. These structures are argued to constitute monoclausal domains, in which the modals are raising predicates that originate in functional heads in the extended projection of lexical verbs.

Sui testi romanzi medievali in grafia greca come fonte di informazione linguistica

2017 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Maggiore
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Medieval Romance ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Greek Alphabet ◽  
Source Of Information

AbstractMedieval Romance texts in the Greek alphabet are generally considered a very reliable source of information about spoken vernacular varieties, mainly due to the intrinsic independence of their writers from the Latin graphic tradition. Nevertheless, as first observed by Alberto Varvaro and Anna Maria Compagna in 1983, these valuable documents, like any other kind of written evidence, are not immune from some degree of conventionality. This paper will focus on the problems raised by the codification of Romance languages in the Greek alphabet, which requires the study of multilingualism, language contact and coexistence of different (written and oral) cultural traditions. Exemplification will come from Italo-Romance texts produced in Sicily and Southern Italy before 1500, but also from texts of other Romance areas like the Gallo-Romance 13th Century

scholarly journals Acquiring Sentiment from Twitter using Supervised Learning and Lexicon-based Techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Jitrlada ROJRATANAVIJIT ◽  
Preecha VICHITTHAMAROS ◽  
Sukanya PHONGSUPHAP
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Learning ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tweet Classification ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Processing Steps

The emergence of Twitter in Thailand has given millions of users a platform to express and share their opinions about products and services, among other subjects, and so Twitter is considered to be a rich source of information for companies to understand their customers by extracting and analyzing sentiment from Tweets. This offers companies a fast and effective way to monitor public opinions on their brands, products, services, etc. However, sentiment analysis performed on Thai Tweets has challenges brought about by language-related issues, such as the difference in writing systems between Thai and English, short-length messages, slang words, and word usage variation. This research paper focuses on Tweet classification and on solving data sparsity issues. We propose a mixed method of supervised learning techniques and lexicon-based techniques to filter Thai opinions and to then classify them into positive, negative, or neutral sentiments. The proposed method includes a number of pre-processing steps before the text is fed to the classifier. Experimental results showed that the proposed method overcame previous limitations from other studies and was very effective in most cases. The average accuracy was 84.80 %, with 82.42 % precision, 83.88 % recall, and 82.97 % F-measure.

scholarly journals What does YouTube® say about schizophrenia: Is it a reliable source of information?

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aybeniz CİVAN KAHVE ◽  
Gonca AŞUT ◽  
Hasan KAYA ◽  
Yunus HACIMUSALAR
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Source ◽  
Source Of Information
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